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Corrosion analysis of concrete based on industrial waste and bacteria by non-destructive test methods Cover

Corrosion analysis of concrete based on industrial waste and bacteria by non-destructive test methods

Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences
Volume 34 (2025): Issue 2 (June 2025)
By: Kharisma Wira NindhitaORCID,  Ahmad ZakiORCID,  Muhammad Zaini and  Arfa Maulana Kusumawijaya  
Open Access
|Jun 2025

Figures & Tables

FIGURE 1.

Sand sieve analysis Source: own work.
Sand sieve analysis Source: own work.

FIGURE 2.

Testing specimen: a – beam, b – cylinder Source: own work.
Testing specimen: a – beam, b – cylinder Source: own work.

FIGURE 3.

Illustration of the ER testing point Source: own work.
Illustration of the ER testing point Source: own work.

FIGURE 4.

Direct method: a – left, b – center, c – right, d – edge-to-end Source: own work.
Direct method: a – left, b – center, c – right, d – edge-to-end Source: own work.

FIGURE 5.

Semi-direct method: a – 5 cm, b – 25 cm, c – 45 cm Source: own work.
Semi-direct method: a – 5 cm, b – 25 cm, c – 45 cm Source: own work.

FIGURE 6.

Indirect method: a – 20 cm, b – 40 cm Source: own work.
Indirect method: a – 20 cm, b – 40 cm Source: own work.

FIGURE 7.

Corrosion acceleration current monitoring results Source: own work.
Corrosion acceleration current monitoring results Source: own work.

FIGURE 8.

Average actual corrosion level Source: own work.
Average actual corrosion level Source: own work.

FIGURE 9.

Correlation of corrosion level with crack width Source: own work.
Correlation of corrosion level with crack width Source: own work.

FIGURE 10.

Electrical resistivity result Source: own work.
Electrical resistivity result Source: own work.

FIGURE 11.

Ultrasonic pulse velocity test results before and after corrosion Source: own work.
Ultrasonic pulse velocity test results before and after corrosion Source: own work.

FIGURE 12.

Velocity and resistivity correlation Source: own work.
Velocity and resistivity correlation Source: own work.

FIGURE 13.

Compressive strength result Source: own work.
Compressive strength result Source: own work.

FIGURE 14.

Flexural strength result Source: own work.
Flexural strength result Source: own work.

Specimen mixture proportion

Material content [kg·m−3]Specimen
VnV1 V2V3
Water313.59313.59 313.59313.59
Cement336.07235.25 235.25235.25
Sand805.87684.99 684.99684.99
Gravel1 064.551 064.55 1 064.551 064.55
Fly ash (FA)–50.41 67.2184.02
Silica fume (SF)–50.41 33.6116.80
Bottom ash (BA)–120.88 120.88120.88
Superplasticizer–8.40 8.408.40

Concrete corrosion level

SpecimenCurrent [A]Corrosion duration [h]Estimated corrosion level [%]Estimated mass loss [g]Actual corrosion level [%]Actual mass loss [g]Derivation [%]
Vn-11.6367223.893123.04915.73818.16
Vn-21.8617227.181139.98120.581066.60
V1-A0.209723.08215.7212.94150.14
V1-B0.075721.1105.6621.96100.85
V2-A0.118721.7288.9002.52130.80
V2-B0.286724.21321.4873.73190.49
V3-A0.157722.31611.8142.55130.23
V3-B0.221723.25516.5983.33170.08

Crack width measurement

SpecimenDuration of corrosion [h]Crack width [mm]AVGActual corrosion level [%]
leftmiddleright
Vn-1720.652.500.751.3015.73
Vn-2720.155.000.601.9219.01
V1-A720.750.250.100.372.94
V1-B720.10000.030.99
V2-A720.200.200.150.181.57
V2-B7200.801.000.603.73
V3-A720.10.250.150.172.55
V3-B720.90.200.150.423.33

Properties of aggregates

PropertyGravelSand
Bulk specific gravity [kg·m−3]2.651.78
Apparent specific gravity [kg·m−3]2.712.97
Saturated surface-dry specific gravity [kg·m−3]2.672.18
Water absorption [%]0.7522.62
Fineness modulus [-]–2.435
Mud content [%]–2.0
Aggregate wear [%]15.0–
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22630/srees.10299 | Journal eISSN: 2543-7496 | Journal ISSN: 1732-9353
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Language: English
Page range: 109 - 127
Submitted on: Feb 5, 2025
Accepted on: Apr 10, 2025
Published on: Jun 30, 2025
Published by: Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
fly ash,
bacteria,
NDT,
corrosion,
mechanical properties
Related subjects:
Architecture and design,
Architecture,
Architects, buildings,
Geosciences,
Geosciences, other,
Engineering,
Mechanical engineering,
Fundamentals of mechanical engineering,
Geosciences,
Geology and mineralogy

© 2025 Kharisma Wira Nindhita, Ahmad Zaki, Muhammad Zaini, Arfa Maulana Kusumawijaya, published by Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License.

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