Additional fertilizer and nematicide combinations on upland cotton to manage Rotylenchulus reniformis and Meloidogyne incognita in Alabama

Additional fertilizer and nematicide rates and application method used in Plant Science Research Center, Auburn, AL microplots and Tennessee Valley Research and Extension Center, Belle Mina, AL, and Plant Breeding Unit, Shorter, AL field trials in 2019 and 2020.

Chemicals^z	Microplot rate	Field rate	Application
(NH₄)₂SO₄(21-0-0-24)	0.52 g/m	108 kg/ha	Broadcast
28-0-0-5	0.289 ml/m	89 L/ha	Knifed
Vydate^® C-LV (Oxamyl)	0.004 ml/m	0.8 L/ha	Foliar spray
Max-In^® Sulfur (0-0-19-13)	0.007 ml/m	1.5 L/ha	Foliar spray
Aeris^® (Imidacloprid & Thiodicarb)	0.375 mg ai/seed	0.375 mg ai/seed	Seed treatment
COPeO^™ Prime (Fluopyram	0.30 mg ai/seed	0.30 mg ai/seed	Seed treatment
2019
Treatment	Fertilizer	Nematicides	Application
1	(NH₄)₂SO₄	Untreated	PHS
2	28-0-0-5	Untreated	PHS
3	(NH₄)₂SO₄	Aeris^®	PHS
4	28-0-0-5	Aeris^®	PHS
5	(NH₄)₂SO₄	Aeris^®	PHS + FB
6	28-0-0-5	Aeris^®	PHS + FB
7	(NH₄)₂SO₄	Aeris^® + Vydate^® C-LV	PHS
8	28-0-0-5	Aeris^® + Vydate^® C-LV	PHS
9	(NH₄)₂SO₄ + Max-In^® Sulfur	Aeris^® + Vydate^® C-LV	PHS
10	28-0-0-5 + Max-In^® Sulfur	Aeris^® + Vydate^® C-LV	PHS
11	(NH₄)₂SO₄ + Max-In^® Sulfur	Aeris^® + Vydate^® C-LV	PHS + FB
12	28-0-0-5 + Max-In^® Sulfur	Aeris^® + Vydate^® C-LV	PHS + FB
2020
Treatment	Fertilizer	Nematicides	Application
1	(NH₄)₂SO₄	Untreated	PHS
2	28-0-0-5	Untreated	PHS
3	(NH₄)₂SO₄	COPeO^™	PHS
4	28-0-0-5	COPeO^™	PHS
5	(NH₄)₂SO₄	COPeO^™	PHS + FB
6	28-0-0-5	COPeO^™	PHS + FB
7	(NH₄)₂SO₄	COPeO^™ + Vydate^® C-LV	PHS
8	28-0-0-5	COPeO^™ + Vydate^® C-LV	PHS
9	(NH₄)₂SO₄ + Max-In^® Sulfur	COPeO^™ + Vydate^® C-LV	PHS
10	28-0-0-5 + Max-In^® Sulfur	COPeO^™ + Vydate^® C-LV	PHS
11	(NH₄)₂SO₄ + Max-In^® Sulfur	COPeO^™ + Vydate^® C-LV	PHS + FB
12	28-0-0-5 + Max-In^® Sulfur	COPeO^™ + Vydate^® C-LV	PHS + FB

[i] Notes: Applications were at pinhead square (PHS) and/or first bloom (FB) cotton growth stage. Chemicals were applied on the upland cotton cultivar DP 1646 B2XF^z.

Table 2

Microplot LS means^z from 2019 and 2020 of the effect of additional nematicide and fertilizer combinations on DP 1646 B2XF^y plant height, cotton root fresh weight at pinhead square (PHS) and first bloom (FB), Rotylenchulus reniformis eggs per gram of root at PHS and FB sample data summed, and seed cotton yield at the Plant Science Research Center.

No	Treatments	Plant height (cm)	Root fresh weight (g) PHS^x + FB^w	R. reniformis eggs/g root-PHS + FB		Seed cotton yield (g)
1	(NH₄)₂SO₄–PHS	68	12.49	308	a	36	ab
2	28-0-0-5 – PHS	67	12.04	183	ab	33	ab
3	ST^v + (NH₄)₂SO₄–PHS	71	15.73	208	ab	28	b
4	ST + 28-0-0-5 – PHS	66	15.12	271	ab	36	ab
5	ST + (NH₄)₂SO₄–PHS + FB	68	20.49	121	ab	45	ab
6	ST + 28-0-0-5 – PHS + FB	67	19.35	252	ab	41	ab
7	ST + (NH₄)₂SO₄ + Vydate^® C-LV – PHS	71	12.89	152	ab	41	ab
8	ST + 28-0-0-5 + Vydate^® C-LV – PHS	73	16.02	110	ab	47	ab
9	ST + (NH₄)₂SO₄ + Vydate^® C-LV + Max-In^® Sulfur – PHS	71	15.44	272	ab	47	ab
10	ST + 28-0-0-5 + Vydate^® C-LV + Max-In^® Sulfur – PHS	73	14.77	70	b	44	ab
11	ST + (NH₄)₂SO₄ + Vydate^® C-LV + Max-In^® Sulfur – PHS + FB	68	12.93	220	ab	55	a
12	ST + 28-0-0-5 + Vydate^® C-LV + Max-In^® Sulfur – PHS + FB	73	16.13	147	ab	47	ab

Notes:

z LS-means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P ≤ 0.10 as determined by the Tukey Kramer method.

y All DP 1646 B2XF seeds were pretreated with a company fungicide and insecticide metalaxyl, pyraclostrobin, myclobutanil, imidacloprid, and fluxapyroxad.

x PHS refers to the pinhead square plant growth stage when the first additional combination of fertilizers and nematicides were applied.

w FB refers to the first bloom plant growth stage when the second additional combination of fertilizers and nematicides were applied.

v ST refers to nematicide seed treatment, Aeris^® (Thiodicarb) applied in 2019 and COPeO™ Prime (Fluopyram) applied in 2020.

Table 3

Microplot LS means^z from 2019 and 2020 of the effect of additional nematicide and fertilizer combinations on DP 1646 B2XF^y plant height, cotton root fresh weight at pinhead square (PHS) and first bloom (FB) Meloidogyne incognita eggs per gram of root at PHS and FB sample data summed, and seed cotton yield at the Plant Science Research Center.

No	Treatments	Plant height (cm)	Root fresh weight (g) PHS^x + FB^w	M. incognita eggs/g root PHS + FB	Seed cotton yield (g)
1	(NH₄)₂SO₄ – PHS	51	10.81	554 ab	34
2	28-0-0-5 – PHS	52	9.70	130 b	34
3	ST^v + (NH₄)₂SO₄ – PHS	55	8.36	405 ab	33
4	ST + 28-0-0-5 – PHS	61	10.35	224 ab	32
5	ST + (NH₄)₂SO₄ – PHS + FB	42	9.41	677 a	33
6	ST + 28-0-0-5 – PHS + FB	45	9.18	309 ab	47
7	ST + (NH₄)₂SO₄ + Vydate^® C-LV – PHS	52	9.83	241 ab	24
8	ST + 28-0-0-5 + Vydate^® C-LV – PHS	55	9.71	146 b	34
9	ST + (NH₄)₂SO₄ + Vydate^® C-LV + Max-In^® Sulfur – PHS	57	10.29	191 ab	22
10	ST + 28-0-0-5 + Vydate^® C-LV + Max-In^® Sulfur – PHS	52	8.47	408 ab	29
11	ST + (NH₄)₂SO₄ + Vydate^® C-LV + Max-In^® Sulfur – PHS + FB	54	11.12	133 b	23
12	ST + 28-0-0-5 + Vydate^® C-LV + Max-In^® Sulfur – PHS + FB	59	12.29	464 ab	49

Notes:

z LS-means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P ≤ 0.10 as determined by the Tukey Kramer method.

y All DP 1646 B2XF seeds were pretreated with a company fungicide and insecticide metalaxyl, pyraclostrobin, myclobutanil, imidacloprid, and fluxapyroxad.

x PHS refers to the pinhead square plant growth stage when the first additional combination of fertilizers and nematicides were applied.

w FB refers to the first bloom plant growth stage when the second additional combination of fertilizers and nematicides were applied.

v ST referees to nematicide seed treatment, Aeris^® (Thiodicarb) applied in 2019 and COPeO™ Prime(Fluopyram) applied in 2020.

Table 4

Field trial LS means^z from 2019 and 2020 of the effect of nematicide and fertilizer combinations on DP 1646 B2XF^y stand, cotton root fresh weight at pinhead square (PHS) and first bloom (FB), Rotylenchulus reniformis eggs per gram of root at PHS and FB sample data summed, and yield at the Tennessee Valley Research and Extension Center.

No	Treatments^y	Stand^x	Root fresh weigh (g) PHS^w + FB^v	R. reniformis eggs/g root PHS + FB	Lint (kg/ha)
1	(NH₄)₂SO₄ – PHS	59	14.78	5723	1257	b^z
2	28-0-0-5 – PHS	56	14.26	6821	1200	b
3	ST^u + (NH₄)₂SO₄–PHS	57	16.11	4735	1345	ab
4	ST + 28-0-0-5 – PHS	56	15.99	4354	1368	ab
5	ST + (NH₄)₂SO₄–PHS + FB	56	15.63	3126	1566	ab
6	ST + 28-0-0-5 – PHS + FB	55	13.51	5140	1223	b
7	ST + (NH₄)₂SO₄ + Vydate^® C-LV – PHS	57	17.02	2558	1803	a
8	ST + 28-0-0-5 + Vydate^® C-LV – PHS	57	16.51	5393	1411	ab
9	ST + (NH₄)₂SO₄ + Vydate^® C-LV + Max-In^® Sulfur – PHS	58	16.91	5519	1542	ab
10	ST + 28-0-0-5 + Vydate^® C-LV + Max-In^® Sulfur – PHS	55	14.89	4156	1412	ab
11	ST + (NH₄)₂SO₄ + Vydate^® C-LV + Max-In^® Sulfur – PHS + FB	58	16.02	2228	1432	ab
12	ST + 28-0-0-5 + Vydate^® C-LV + Max-In^® Sulfur – PHS + FB	59	14.97	5670	1455	ab

Notes:

z LS-means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P ≤ 0.10 as determined by the Tukey Kramer method.

y All DP 1646 B2XF seeds were pretreated with a BASF fungicide and insecticide metalaxyl, pyraclostrobin, myclobutanil, imidacloprid, and fluxapyroxad.

x Stand count is the number of seedlings per 7.6 m of row collected 14 DAP.

w PHS refers to the pinhead square plant growth stage when the first additional combination of fertilizers and nematicides were applied.

v FB refers to the first bloom plant growth stage when the second additional combination of fertilizers and nematicides were applied.

u ST refers to nematicide seed treatment, Aeris^® (Thiodicarb) applied in 2019 and COPeO^™ Prime(Fluopyram) applied in 2020.

Table 5

Field trial LS means^z from 2019 and 2020 representing profit mean ($/ha), and lower and upper profit determined by ANOVA (P ≤ 0.10) for fertilizer and nematicide combinations on DP 1646 B2XF^y at the Tennessee Valley Research and Extension Center.

No	Treatments	Mean profit		Lower profit	Upper profit	Additional fertilizer and nematicide input cost^x
1	(NH₄)₂SO₄ – PHS^w	$862.69	b^z	$677.97	$1047.41	$56.06
2	28-0-0-5 – PHS	$844.55	b	$659.83	$1029.27	$30.20
3	ST^v + (NH₄)₂SO₄ – PHS	$880.33	ab	$695.61	$1065.05	$100.13
4	ST + 28-0-0-5 – PHS	$920.39	ab	$735.67	$1105.11	$77.27
5	ST + (NH₄)₂SO₄ – PHS + FB^u	$988.46	ab	$803.74	$1173.18	$153.19
6	ST + 28-0-0-5 – PHS + FB	$784.57	b	$599.84	$962.29	$107.47
7	ST + (NH₄)₂SO₄ + Vydate^® C-LV-PHS	$1175.87	a	$991.15	$1360.59	$138.73
8	ST + 28-0-0-5 + Vydate^® C-LV-PHS	$913.44	ab	$728.72	$1098.16	$115.87
9	ST + (NH₄)₂SO₄ + Vydate^® C-LV + Max-In^® Sulfur – PHS	$974.36	ab	$789.64	$1159.08	$150.00
10	ST + 28-0-0-5 + Vydate^® C-LV + Max-In^® Sulfur – PHS	$902.49	ab	$717.77	$1087.21	$127.14
11	ST + (NH₄)₂SO₄ + Vydate^® C-LV + Max-In^® Sulfur – PHS + FB	$882.36	ab	$697.64	$1067.08	$252.93
12	ST + 28-0-0-5 + Vydate^® C-LV + Max-In^® Sulfur – PHS + FB	$922.73	ab	$738.01	$1107.45	$207.21

Notes: Revenue was calculated using prices determine by the United States Department of Agriculture upland cotton announcement of $1.32/ha in 2019 and $1.54/ha in 2020. Profit was calculated by subtracting additional input costs ($/ha) from revenue.

z LS-means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P ≤ 0.10 as determined by ANOVA. Lower and upper profits are the 90% confidence levels.

y All DP 1646 B2XF seeds were pretreated with a BASF fungicide and insecticide metalaxyl, pyraclostrobin, myclobutanil, imidacloprid, and fluxapyroxad.

x Additional input costs from 2019 and 2020 were averaged to determine a single input cost for treatment analysis.

w PHS refers to the pinhead square plant growth stage, when the first combination of additional fertilizers and nematicides were applied.

v ST refers to nematicide seed treatment, Aeris^® (Thiodicarb) applied in 2019 and COPeO^™ Prime (Fluopyram) applied in 2020.

u FB refers to the first bloom plant growth stage, when the second combination of fertilizers and nematicides were applied.

Table 6

Field trial LS means^z from 2019 and 2020 of the effect of nematicide and fertilizer combinations on DP 1646 B2XF^y cotton root fresh weight at pinhead square (PHS) and first bloom (FB), Meloidogyne incognita eggs per gram of root at PHS and FB sample data summed, and yield at the Plant Breeding Unit.

No	Treatments	Stand^x	Root fresh weight (g) PHS^w + FB^v	M. incognita eggs/g root PHS + FB	Lint (kg/ha)
1	(NH₄)₂SO₄ – PHS	44	22.36	696	832	b^z
2	28-0-0-5 – PHS	41	22.22	1661	788	b
3	ST^u + (NH₄)₂SO₄ – PHS	46	24.34	776	918	ab
4	ST + 28-0-0-5 – PHS	52	24.20	824	978	ab
5	ST + (NH₄)₂SO₄ – PHS + FB	51	22.34	590	1044	ab
6	ST + 28-0-0-5 – PHS + FB	53	21.68	1206	1101	ab
7	ST + (NH₄)₂SO₄ + Vydate^® C-LV – PHS	52	21.83	872	1050	ab
8	ST + 28-0-0-5 + Vydate^® C-LV – PHS	54	22.10	1104	1096	ab
9	ST + (NH₄)₂SO₄ + Vydate^® C-LV + Max-In^® Sulfur – PHS	55	22.37	710	1051	ab
10	ST + 28-0-0-5 + Vydate^® C-LV + Max-In^® Sulfur – PHS	56	20.47	565	1052	ab
11	ST + (NH₄)₂SO₄ + Vydate^® C-LV + Max-In^® Sulfur – PHS + FB	48	23.13	1093	1010	ab
12	ST + 28-0-0-5 + Vydate^® C-LV + Max-In^® Sulfur – PHS + FB	57	23.05	1215	1265	a

Notes:

z LS-means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P ≤ 0.10 as determined by the Tukey Kramer method.

y All DP 1646 B2XF seeds were pretreated with a BASF fungicide and insecticide metalaxyl, pyraclostrobin, myclobutanil, imidacloprid, and fluxapyroxad.

x Stand count is the number of seedlings per 7.6 m of row collected 14 DAP.

w PHS refers to the pinhead square plant growth stage at 49 DAP, when the first combination of fertilizers and nematicides were applied.

v FB refers to the first bloom plant growth stage at 85 DAP, when the second combination of fertilizers and nematicides were applied.

u ST refers to nematicide seed treatment, Aeris^® (Thiodicarb) applied in 2019 and COPeO™ Prime(Fluopyram) applied in 2020.

Table 7

No	Treatments	Mean profit		Lower profit	Upper profit	Additional fertilizer and nematicide input cost^x
1	(NH₄)₂SO₄ – PHS^w	$553.01	b^z	$461.43	$644.59	$56.06
2	28-0-0-5 – PHS	$544.05	b	$452.47	$635.63	$30.20
3	ST^v + (NH₄)₂SO₄–PHS	$569.21	ab	$477.63	$660.79	$100.13
4	ST + 28-0-0-5 – PHS	$635.85	ab	$544.27	$727.43	$77.27
5	ST + (NH₄)₂SO₄–PHS + FB^u	$608.01	ab	$516.43	$699.59	$153.19
6	ST + 28-0-0-5 – PHS + FB	$695.76	ab	$604.18	$787.34	$107.47
7	ST + (NH₄)₂SO₄ + Vydate^® C-LV – PHS	$627.25	ab	$535.67	$718.83	$138.73
8	ST + 28-0-0-5 + Vydate^® C-LV – PHS	$683.50	ab	$591.92	$775.08	$115.87
9	ST + (NH₄)₂SO₄ + Vydate^® C-LV + Max-In^® Sulfur – PHS	$616.22	ab	$524.64	$707.80	$150.00
10	ST + 28-0-0-5 + Vydate^® C-LV + Max-In^® Sulfur – PHS	$640.59	ab	$549.01	$732.17	$127.14
11	ST + (NH₄)₂SO₄ + Vydate^® C-LV + Max-In^® Sulfur – PHS + FB	$575.53	ab	$483.95	$667.11	$252.93
12	ST + 28-0-0-5 + Vydate^® C-LV + Max-In^® Sulfur – PHS + FB	$784.00	a	$692.42	$875.58	$207.21

z LS-means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P ≤ 0.10 as determined by ANOVA. Lower and upper profits are the 90% confidence levels.

y All DP 1646 B2XF seeds were pretreated with a BASF fungicide and insecticide metalaxyl, pyraclostrobin, myclobutanil, imidacloprid, and fluxapyroxad.

x Additional input costs from 2019 and 2020 were averaged to determine a single input cost for treatment analysis.

w PHS refers to the pinhead square plant growth stage, when the first additional combination of fertilizers and nematicides were applied.

v ST refers to nematicide seed treatment, Aeris^® (Thiodicarb) applied in 2019 and COPeO^™ Prime (Fluopyram) applied in 2020.

u FB refers to the first bloom plant growth stage, when the second combination of additional fertilizers and nematicides were applied.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2022-003 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X

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Language: English

Page range: 1 - 15

Submitted on: Aug 19, 2021

Published on: Feb 18, 2022

Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.

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© 2022 Kara L. Gordon, Drew W. Schrimsher, Kathy S. Lawrence, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 54 (2022): Issue 1 (February 2022)