Slight induction and strong inhibition of Heterodera glycines hatching by short-chain molecules released by different plant species

Percentage of Heterodera glycines hatching after exposure of eggs for five days at 25°C to volatile organic compounds emitted by leaves and roots of soybeans and beans; ryegrass roots and alfalfa leaves.

	Hatching (%)
Treatment	Experiment 1	SD^Z	Experiment 2	SD^Z
Control^x	12.6^yc	1.58	14.0d	1.23
Alfalfa leaves	18.7b	3.17	17.5b	0.82
Ryegrass roots	18.8b	2.95	15.7c	0.76
Bean roots	19.8a	2.01	18.1b	1.61
Bean leaves	20.6a	1.71	16.4c	0.77
Soybean roots	21.3a	2.49	20.0a	1.24
Soybean leaves	21.6a	1.60	18.6b	2.00

1 Notes: ^xControl: eggs in water with absence of leaves or roots in the plates; ^yMeans represented by different letters indicate significant differences using the Scott–Knot test (p < 0.05); ^ZSD = standard deviation.

Table 2.

Volatile organic compounds from leaves or roots of soybeans, beans, ryegrass, and alfalfa characterized by GC-MS.

Compound	RI exp.^a	RI lit.^b	Ryegrass roots	Soybean leaves	Soybean roots	Bean leaves	Bean roots	Alfalfa leaves
Alcohols
Ethanol			+	+	+			+
3-Octanol	1,001	993		+
2-Octanol	1,005	997			+		+
3-Methyl-1-butanol	737	734	+	+	+	+	+
2-Methyl-1-butanol	745	738	+		+	+	+
1-Hexanol	872	867	+		+		+
1-Octen-3-ol	984	978						+
6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-ol	1,000	992		+	+		+
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol	1,032	1,029			+	+	+
Esters
Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate	845	848						+
Ethyl butyrate	801	802						+
Ethyl acetate	627	623	+					+
Hexyl acetate	1,014	1,014	+				+
Decyl acetate	1,409	1,408	+
Heptyl acetate	1,113	1,113	+
Octyl acetate	1,211	1,211	+
n-Nonyl acetate	1,310	1,302	+
Furans
2-Ethylfuran	705	708		+			+
2-Pentylfuran	990	991	+	+			+
Ketones
2-Butanone	605	605		+
2-Pentanone	703	695		+	+
2-Octanone	991	990	+		+		+
3-Octanone	988	986		+	+		+	+
6-Octen-2-one	985	985			+		+
3-Pentanone	704	700		+	+		+
2-Nonanone	1,092	1,091	+		+
3,5-Octadien-2-one	1,072	1,068				+	+
Aldehydes
Hexanal	806	800			+
Terpenes
Linalool	1,103	1,007		+
M-Cymene	1,024	1,023	+		+	+		+
B-phellandrene	1,030	1,025			+
Lavandulol	1,167	1,165		+
Isopulegol acetate	1,271	1,273	+
Sesquiterpene*	1,426		+
Sesquiterpene*	1,432				+
Ionone	1,482	1,485		+
Pyrazines
3-Methoxy-2,5-dimethyl	1,051	1,057			+		+
pyrazine
2-Isopropyl-3-methoxy	1,089	1,093			+
pyrazine
2-Sec-butyl-3-methoxy	1,167	1,164			+
pyrazine
Others
P-Ethylanisole	1,114	1,104	+
Ethenyl-benzene	895	891	+	+	+		+
4-ethyl-1,2-dimethoxy	1,322		+
benzene
Unidentified	1,019				+		+

1 Notes: ^aRI exp., Retention rates calculated by the injection of homologous series of alkanes; ^bRI lit., retention rates according to the literature; +, minor peak; *Not identified. Mass spectrum similar to sesquiterpenes.

Table 3.

Percentage of Heterodera glycines J2 hatching from eggs exposed for 7 days to different concentrations of four volatile compounds identified in the emissions of soybean, bean, and ryegrass leaves or roots.

		Hatching (%)
Treatment	Concentration (µg/mlor mM^x)	Experiment 1	Experiment 2
Water	–	15.2^yd	30.2b
Carbofuran	415	3.0f	4.6c
Zinc chloride	3^x	31.4a	44.4a
Tween 80	–	27.3b	44.6a
Hexanal	1,000	25.3c	31.0b
	600	23.8c	28.0b
	200	22.7c	30.1b
Linalool	1,000	13.3d	26.0b
	600	15.3d	25.0b
	200	16.8d	28.4b
1-Hexanol	1,000	2.9f	5.3c
	600	1.9f	4.1c
	200	3.4f	5.5c
3-Octanol	1,000	3.8f	5.0c
	600	3.3f	8.3c
	200	7.5e	8.8c

1 Note: ^yMeans represented by different letters indicate significant differences using the Scott–Knot test (p < 0.05).

Mortality and lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of second-stage juveniles of *Heterodera glycines* exposed to different concentrations of 1-hexanol and 3-octanol in experiments 1 (A and B) and 2 (C and D). Bars indicate the standard error of the mean.

Supplementary Table 1.

Raw data related to Table 1.

Treatments	Time	Total_J2_hatched	%_J2_hatched
Control	1	147	13.01
Control	1	125	11.06
Control	1	169	14.96
Control	1	127	11.24
Control	1	145	12.83
Control	2	159	13.25
Control	2	183	15.25
Control	2	177	14.75
Control	2	147	12.25
Control	2	175	14.58
Soybean roots	1	277	24.51
Soybean roots	1	224	19.82
Soybean roots	1	203	17.96
Soybean roots	1	250	22.12
Soybean roots	1	249	22.04
Soybean roots	2	218	18.17
Soybean roots	2	258	21.50
Soybean roots	2	235	19.58
Soybean roots	2	244	20.33
Soybean roots	2	245	20.42
Bean roots	1	218	19.29
Bean roots	1	219	19.38
Bean roots	1	227	20.09
Bean roots	1	258	22.83
Bean roots	1	195	17.26
Bean roots	2	185	15.42
Bean roots	2	234	19.50
Bean roots	2	220	18.33
Bean roots	2	230	19.17
Bean roots	2	219	18.25
Ryegrass roots	1	209	18.50
Ryegrass roots	1	169	14.96
Ryegrass roots	1	234	20.71
Ryegrass roots	1	254	22.48
Ryegrass roots	1	194	17.17
Ryegrass roots	2	200	16.67
Ryegrass roots	2	189	15.75
Ryegrass roots	2	186	15.50
Ryegrass roots	2	175	14.58
Ryegrass roots	2	192	16.00
Soybean leaves	1	236	20.88
Soybean leaves	1	224	19.82
Soybean leaves	1	273	24.16
Soybean leaves	1	243	21.50
Soybean leaves	1	242	21.42
Soybean leaves	2	261	21.75
Soybean leaves	2	195	16.25
Soybean leaves	2	223	18.58
Soybean leaves	2	215	17.92
Soybean leaves	2	220	18.33
Bean leaves	1	215	19.03
Bean leaves	1	217	19.20
Bean leaves	1	250	22.12
Bean leaves	1	256	22.65
Bean leaves	1	223	19.73
Bean leaves	2	198	16.50
Bean leaves	2	197	16.42
Bean leaves	2	192	16.00
Bean leaves	2	186	15.50
Bean leaves	2	211	17.58
Alfalfa leaves	1	184	16.28
Alfalfa leaves	1	172	15.22
Alfalfa leaves	1	203	17.96
Alfalfa leaves	1	251	22.21
Alfalfa leaves	1	246	21.77
Alfalfa leaves	2	217	18.08
Alfalfa leaves	2	209	17.42
Alfalfa leaves	2	216	18.00
Alfalfa leaves	2	214	17.83
Alfalfa leaves	2	193	16.08

1 Notes: 1 exp with 1,130 eggs; 2 exp with 1,200 eggs.

References

Authors

Metrics

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-071 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 1 - 12

Published on: Jul 30, 2021

Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Keywords:

Ecology,

Glycine max ,

Hatching,

Soybean Cyst Nematode,

Volatile organic compounds

Related subjects:

Life sciences,

Life sciences, other

© 2021 Jeanny A. Velloso, Vicente P. Campos, Willian C. Terra, Aline F. Barros, Márcio P. Pedroso, Luma A. Pedroso, Letícia L. Paula, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 53 (2021): Issue 1 (January 2021)

Slight induction and strong inhibition of Heterodera glycines hatching by short-chain molecules released by different plant species

Figures & Tables

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Figure 1:

Supplementary Table 1.

Paradigm

My account