Enhanced biological control of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, by combined inoculation of cotton or soybean seeds with a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium and pectin-rich orange peel

Hassan, Mohammad K.; Lawrence, Kathy S.; Sikora, Edward J.; Liles, Mark R.; Kloepper, Joseph W.

Enhanced biological control of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, by combined inoculation of cotton or soybean seeds with a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium and pectin-rich orange peel

Journal of Nematology

Volume 53 (2021): Issue 1 (January 2021)

By:

Mohammad K. Hassan, Kathy S. Lawrence, Edward J. Sikora, Mark R. Liles and Joseph W. Kloepper

Open Access

|Jun 2021

Figures & Tables

Effects of orange peel power (OPP) amendment on the mortality of J2 of M. incognita in vitro by B. velezensis AP203.

Effects of B. velezensis AP203 with an orange peel power (OPP) or glucose amendments on the number of M. incognita eggs on the roots of soybean at 45 days after planting in greenhouse trials.

Effects of B. velezensis AP203 with an orange peel power (OPP) or glucose amendments on the number of M. incognita eggs on the roots of cotton at 45 days after planting in greenhouse trials.

LC-MS/MS spectra of the peaks eluted at 6.69 min (m/z of 211.11).

LC-MS/MS spectra of the peaks eluted at 2.40 min (m/z of 206.12).

LC-MS/MS spectra of the peaks eluted at 6.63 min (m/z of 253.12) and 3.39 min (m/z of 295.17).

Effect of B_ velezensis AP203 amended with orange peel powder (OPP) or glucose on soybean growth at 45 days after planting in greenhouse trials_

Treatment^a	Shoot length (cm)^b		Root length (cm)		Shoot fresh weight (g)		Root fresh weight (g)
TSB-grown cells	58.0	a	22.5	ab	6.51	ab	3.91	ab
OPP (supernatant)	67.4	a	21.9	abc	8.12	ab	4.20	ab
Glucose (supernatant)	66.8	a	19.9	cde	7.55	ab	3.98	ab
OPP (Cells)	72.3	a	22.0	abc	9.06	ab	4.92	a
Glucose (Cells)	62.5	a	20.1	bcde	8.43	ab	3.42	ab
OPP (Culture)	72.0	a	22.6	a	10.20	a	4.11	ab
Glucose (Culture)	60.8	a	19.0	e	8.25	ab	4.00	ab
OPP	62.5	a	21.4	abcd	8.12	ab	3.65	ab
Glucose	67.9	a	20.0	cde	5.95	ab	2.53	b
M. incognita nematode
Untreated control

Predicted secondary metabolites found in cell-free supernatants of B_ velezensis AP203 after 48 hr growth in 0_5% (w/v) OPP amended Tris Spizizen Salts (TSS) media_

Treatment^a	RT (min)^b	Product ions (m/z)	RA/CFU^c	Predicted metabolites
OPAP203 1	6.69 min	211.11	21.11	1,3-Diphenyl-2-propanone
OPAP203 2	6.63 min	253.12	25.31	p-(3,4-Dihydro-6-methoxy-2-naphthyl) phenol
OPAP203 3	3.39 min	295.17	29.51	(E)-1,1,-(1,2-Diethyl-1,2-ethenediyl) bis (4-methoxybenzene)
OPAP203 4	2.40 min	206.12	20.61	3-(Dimethylamino) propyl benzoate
GluAP203	0	0	0	0
OPP	0	0	0	0
Glucose	0	0	0	0

List of predicted secondary metabolites found in cell-free supernatants of B_ velezensis AP203 after 48 hr growth in 0_5% (w/v) orange peel power (OPP) amended Tris Spizizen Salts (TSS) media_

Query ID	Query m/z	Name of the bioactive compounds	Formula	Exact mass
1	101.0711	Gyromitrin;Acetaldehyde methylformylhydrazone	C4H8N2O	100.0636629
2	103.0559	Indoleacetic acid	C10H9NO2	175.0633285
3	103.0559	5-Hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde	C10H9NO2	175.0633285
4	104.0549	2-Ethyl-1-hexanol, 9CI; (Â±)-form, O-Sulfate	C8H18O4S	210.0925798
5	104.0568	2-Ethyl-1-hexanol, 9CI; (Â±)-form, O-Sulfate	C8H18O4S	210.0925798
7	104.0585	Histidinyl-Glycine	C8H12N4O3	212.0909403
8	104.0585	D-Glycero-D-galacto-heptitol	C7H16O7	212.0896029
9	104.0585	Glycyl-Histidine	C8H12N4O3	212.0909403
10	104.0707	N-methyl-beta-alanine	C4H9NO2	103.0633285
11	104.0707	(2S)-2-Nitrobutane	C4H9NO2	103.0633285
13	104.0707	Ethyl carbamic acid methyl ester	C4H9NO2	103.0633285
14	104.0707	N-Methyl-L-alanine	C4H9NO2	103.0633285
15	104.0707	HBA	C4H9NO2	103.0633285
16	104.0707	DL-3-aminobutyrate	C4H9NO2	103.0633285
17	104.0707	Mefenamic acid	C15H15NO2	241.1102787
18	104.0707	N-[2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]benzamide	C15H15NO2	241.1102787
19	104.0707	2-Amino-2-methylpropanoate;2-Aminoisobutyric acid	C4H9NO2	103.0633285
20	104.0707	(R,S)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate	C4H9NO2	103.0633285
21	104.0707	beta-alanine-methyl-ester	C4H9NO2	103.0633285
22	104.0707	N,N-Dimethylglycine;Dimethylglycine	C4H9NO2	103.0633285
23	104.0707	N-Ethylglycine	C4H9NO2	103.0633285
24	104.0707	(R)-2-Aminobutanoic acid;(S)-2-Aminobutanoate	C4H9NO2	103.0633285
25	104.0707	1-nitrobutane	C4H9NO2	103.0633285
26	104.0707	4-Aminobutanoate;4-Aminobutanoic acid	C4H9NO2	103.0633285
27	105.0366	3-methylthiopropanal	C4H8OS	104.0295856
28	105.0366	Acutifolane A	C16H22O3	262.1569
29	105.0366	tetrahydrothiophene 1-oxide	C4H8OS	104.0295856
30	105.0367	3-methylthiopropanal	C4H8OS	104.0295856
31	105.0367	tetrahydrothiophene 1-oxide	C4H8OS	104.0295856
32	105.0372	3-methylthiopropanal	C4H8OS	104.0295856
33	105.0372	tetrahydrothiophene 1-oxide	C4H8OS	104.0295856
34	105.0376	3-methylthiopropanal	C4H8OS	104.0295856
35	105.0376	tetrahydrothiophene 1-oxide	C4H8OS	104.0295856
37	105.044	3-cyanopyridine	C6H4N2	104.0374481
38	105.044	2-Cyanopyridine	C6H4N2	104.0374481
39	105.044	4-Cyanopyridine	C6H4N2	104.0374481
40	105.0441	(+)-18-Hydroxy-7,16-sacculatadiene-11,12-dial	C20H30O3	318.2195
41	105.0441	ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oic acid	C20H30O3	318.2195
42	105.0441	2-Cyanopyridine	C6H4N2	104.0374481
43	105.0441	Oxymesterone	C20H30O3	318.2194948
44	105.0441	4-Cyanopyridine	C6H4N2	104.0374481
45	105.0441	3-cyanopyridine	C6H4N2	104.0374481
46	105.0441	8-oxo-5E,9Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid	C20H30O3	318.2195
47	105.0441	9-oxo-5E,7Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid	C20H30O3	318.2195
48	105.0441	11-oxo-5E,8Z,12Z,14Z-Eicosatetraenoic acid	C20H30O3	318.2195
49	105.0441	(+)-7beta-Hydroxy-15-beyeren-19-oic acid	C20H30O3	318.2195
50	105.0557	Tyrosyl-Tyrosine	C18H20N2O5	344.1372218
51	105.0651	Aminoserine	C3H8N2O2	104.0585775
52	105.0651	L-2,3-Diaminopropionate	C3H8N2O2	104.0585775
53	105.0651	Hydroxyaminoalanine	C3H8N2O2	104.0585775
54	105.0662	2,3-Diaminopropanoic acid	C3H8N2O2	104.0585775
55	105.0672	4,-O-Methylbavachalcone	C22H24O4	352.1675
56	105.0672	Ovalichalcone	C22H24O4	352.1675
57	105.0672	Pongagallone A	C22H24O4	352.1675
58	105.0672	Candidone	C22H24O4	352.1675
59	105.0672	Methylhildgardtol A	C22H24O4	352.1675
60	105.0672	Methylhildgardtol B	C22H24O4	352.1675
61	105.0672	Xuulanin	C22H24O4	352.1675
62	105.0715	Valganciclovir	C14H22N6O5	354.1651678
63	105.0733	12-hydroxyjasmonic acid 12-O-beta-D-glucoside	C19H30O8	386.1941
64	105.0733	Citroside A	C19H30O8	386.1940679
65	105.0733	6,9-Dihydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one	C19H30O8	386.1940679
66	107.0845	p-Xylene;1,4-Dimethylbenzene;p-Methyltoluene	C8H10	106.0782503
67	107.0845	Ethylbenzene;Phenylethane;Ethylbenzol;Ethylenzene	C8H10	106.0782503
68	107.0845	o-Xylene;o-Dimethylbenzene;o-Methyltoluene	C8H10	106.0782503
69	107.0845	m-Xylene;1,3-Dimethylbenzene;1,3-Xylene	C8H10	106.0782503
70	107.0848	o-Xylene;o-Dimethylbenzene;o-Methyltoluene	C8H10	106.0782503
71	107.0848	m-Xylene;1,3-Dimethylbenzene;1,3-Xylene	C8H10	106.0782503
72	107.0848	p-Xylene;1,4-Dimethylbenzene;p-Methyltoluene	C8H10	106.0782503
73	107.0848	Ethylbenzene;Phenylethane;Ethylbenzol;Ethylenzene	C8H10	106.0782503
74	107.0848	O-6-deoxy-a-L-galactopyranosyl	C20H33NO14	511.1901048
75	107.0851	o-Xylene;o-Dimethylbenzene;o-Methyltoluene	C8H10	106.0782503
76	107.0851	m-Xylene;1,3-Dimethylbenzene;1,3-Xylene	C8H10	106.0782503
77	107.0851	p-Xylene;1,4-Dimethylbenzene;p-Methyltoluene	C8H10	106.0782503
78	107.0851	Ethylbenzene;Phenylethane;Ethylbenzol;Ethylenzene	C8H10	106.0782503
79	107.0858	p-Xylene;1,4-Dimethylbenzene;p-Methyltoluene	C8H10	106.0782503
80	107.0858	Ethylbenzene;Phenylethane;Ethylbenzol;Ethylenzene	C8H10	106.0782503
81	107.0858	o-Xylene;o-Dimethylbenzene;o-Methyltoluene	C8H10	106.0782503
82	107.0858	m-Xylene;1,3-Dimethylbenzene;1,3-Xylene	C8H10	106.0782503
83	107.0858	Daunorubicin	C27H29NO10	527.1791462
84	107.0859	m-Xylene;1,3-Dimethylbenzene;1,3-Xylene	C8H10	106.0782503
85	107.0859	p-Xylene;1,4-Dimethylbenzene;p-Methyltoluene	C8H10	106.0782503
86	107.0859	Ethylbenzene;Phenylethane;Ethylbenzol;Ethylenzene	C8H10	106.0782503
87	107.0859	o-Xylene;o-Dimethylbenzene;o-Methyltoluene	C8H10	106.0782503
88	109.0287	1,2-Benzoquinone	C6H4O2	108.0211294
89	109.0287	Quinone;p-Benzoquinone;Chinone	C6H4O2	108.0211294
90	109.0306	Hordatine B glucoside	C35H50N8O10	742.3649899
91	109.0306	Hydroxymethylmethylsilanediol	C2H8O3Si	108.0242707
92	109.0309	Hydroxymethylmethylsilanediol	C2H8O3Si	108.0242707
93	109.0309	Monothioglycerol	C3H8O2S	108.0245002
94	109.0315	Hydroxymethylmethylsilanediol	C2H8O3Si	108.0242707
95	109.0316	Hydroxymethylmethylsilanediol	C2H8O3Si	108.0242707
96	109.0316	Hydroxymethylmethylsilanediol	C2H8O3Si	108.0242707
97	109.0321	Hydroxymethylmethylsilanediol	C2H8O3Si	108.0242707
98	109.0642	Benzenemethanol;Phenylmethanol;Phenylcarbinol	C7H8O	108.0575149
99	109.0642	o-Cresol;2-Hydroxytoluene;o-Methylphenol	C7H8O	108.0575149
100	109.0642	3-Cresol;m-Cresol;3-Hydroxytoluene	C7H8O	108.0575149
101	109.0642	4-Cresol;p-Cresol;4-Hydroxytoluene	C7H8O	108.0575149
102	109.0642	Anisole;Methoxybenzene;Methyl phenyl ether	C7H8O	108.0575149
103	111.0434	Resorcinol;Resorcin;1,3-Benzenediol	C6H6O2	110.0367794
104	111.0434	Hydroquinone;p-Benzenediol;1,4-Benzenediol	C6H6O2	110.0367794
105	111.0434	5-Methyl-2-furaldehyde;5-Methyl-2-furfural	C6H6O2	110.0367794
106	111.0434	o-Benzosemiquinone	C6H6O2	110.0367794
107	111.0434	Catechol;1,2-Benzenediol;o-Benzenediol	C6H6O2	110.0367794
108	111.0434	Benzosemiquinone;p-Benzosemiquinone	C6H6O2	110.0367794
109	111.0437	Resorcinol;Resorcin;1,3-Benzenediol	C6H6O2	110.0367794
110	111.0437	Hydroquinone;p-Benzenediol;1,4-Benzenediol	C6H6O2	110.0367794
111	111.0437	5-Methyl-2-furaldehyde;5-Methyl-2-furfural	C6H6O2	110.0367794
112	111.0437	Catechol;1,2-Benzenediol;o-Benzenedio	C6H6O2	110.0367794
113	111.0437	Benzosemiquinone;p-Benzosemiquinone	C6H6O2	110.0367794
114	111.0438	2-Furanmethanol	C5H6O2	98.03677944
115	111.0438	Benzosemiquinone;p-Benzosemiquinone	C6H6O2	110.0367794
116	111.0438	Resorcinol;Resorcin;1,3-Benzenediol	C6H6O2	110.0367794
117	111.0438	Hydroquinone;p-Benzenediol;1,4-Benzenediol	C6H6O2	110.0367794
118	111.0438	5-Methyl-2-furaldehyde;5-Methyl-2-furfural	C6H6O2	110.0367794
119	111.0438	o-Benzosemiquinone	C6H6O2	110.0367794
120	111.0438	penta-2,4-dienoic acid;beta-vinyl acrylic acid	C5H6O2	98.0368
121	111.0438	Catechol;1,2-Benzenediol;o-Benzenediol	C6H6O2	110.0367794
122	111.0438	5-Methyl-2(3H)-furanone	C5H6O2	98.03677944
123	111.0447	o-Benzosemiquinone	C6H6O2	110.0367794
124	111.0447	Catechol;1,2-Benzenediol;o-Benzenediol	C6H6O2	110.0367794
125	111.0447	Benzosemiquinone;p-Benzosemiquinone	C6H6O2	110.0367794
126	111.0447	Resorcinol;Resorcin;1,3-Benzenediol;1,3-Dihydroxybenzene	C6H6O2	110.0367794
127	111.0447	Hydroquinone;p-Benzenediol;1,4-Benzenediol	C6H6O2	110.0367794
128	111.0447	5-Methyl-2-furaldehyde;5-Methyl-2-furfural	C6H6O2	110.0367794
129	111.0448	o-Benzosemiquinone	C6H6O2	110.0367794
130	111.0448	Catechol;1,2-Benzenediol;o-Benzenediol	C6H6O2	110.0367794
131	111.0448	Benzosemiquinone;p-Benzosemiquinone	C6H6O2	110.0367794
132	111.0448	Resorcinol;Resorcin;1,3-Benzenediol;1,3-Dihydroxybenzene	C6H6O2	110.0367794
133	111.0448	Hydroquinone;p-Benzenediol;1,4-Benzenediol	C6H6O2	110.0367794
134	111.0451	Catechol;1,2-Benzenediol;o-Benzenediol	C6H6O2	110.0367794
135	111.0451	Benzosemiquinone;p-Benzosemiquinone	C6H6O2	110.0367794
136	111.0451	Resorcinol;Resorcin;1,3-Benzenediol;1,3-Dihydroxybenzene	C6H6O2	110.0367794
137	111.0451	Hydroquinone;p-Benzenediol;1,4-Benzenediol	C6H6O2	110.0367794
138	111.0451	5-Methyl-2-furaldehyde;5-Methyl-2-furfural	C6H6O2	110.0367794
139	121.0316	Dimethylsulfonioacetate	C4H8O2S	120.0245002
140	121.0316	3-(Methylthio)propionic acid;3-Methylthiopropionate	C4H8O2S	120.0245002
141	121.0316	sulfolane	C4H8O2S	120.0245002
142	121.032	Dimethylsulfonioacetate	C4H8O2S	120.0245002
143	121.032	3-(Methylthio)propionic acid;3-Methylthiopropionate	C4H8O2S	120.0245002
144	121.032	sulfolane	C4H8O2S	120.0245002
145	121.0324	Dimethylsulfonioacetate	C4H8O2S	120.0245002
146	121.0324	3-(Methylthio)propionic acid;3-Methylthiopropionate	C4H8O2S	120.0245002
147	121.0324	sulfolane	C4H8O2S	120.0245002
148	121.0325	Dimethylsulfonioacetate	C4H8O2S	120.0245002
149	121.0325	3-(Methylthio)propionic acid;3-Methylthiopropionate	C4H8O2S	120.0245002
150	121.0325	sulfolane	C4H8O2S	120.0245002
151	121.0325	Dimethylsulfonioacetate	C4H8O2S	120.0245002
152	121.0325	3-(Methylthio)propionic acid;3-Methylthiopropionate	C4H8O2S	120.0245002
153	121.0325	sulfolane	C4H8O2S	120.0245002
154	121.0325	Dimethylsulfonioacetate	C4H8O2S	120.0245002
155	121.0325	3-(Methylthio)propionic acid;3-Methylthiopropionate	C4H8O2S	120.0245002
156	121.0325	sulfolane	C4H8O2S	120.0245002
157	121.037	3-nitro-1-propionate	C3H6NO4	120.0296827
158	121.0379	3-nitro-1-propionate	C3H6NO4	120.0296827
159	121.05	2,3-dihydroxy-2-methyl-propanoic acid	C4H8O4	120.0422587
160	121.05	L-(+)-Erythrose;D-threo-Aldose;D-Erythrulose	C4H8O4	120.0422587
161	121.05	3-Deoxytetronic acid	C4H8O4	120.0422587
162	121.05	4-Deoxyerythronic acid	C4H8O4	120.0422587
163	121.05	L-Erythrulose;L-glycero-Tetrulose	C4H8O4	120.0422587
164	121.05	3,4-Dihydroxybutyric acid	C4H8O4	120.0422587
165	121.05	D-Threose;D-threo-Tetrose;D-Erythrose	C4H8O4	120.0422587
166	121.0516	Purine	C5H4N4	120.0435961
167	122.0962	3,4-DIMETHYLANILINE	C8H11N	121.0891494
168	122.0962	1-Phenylethylamine;alpha-Phenylethylamine	C8H11N	121.0891494
169	122.0962	N-Ethylaniline;N-Ethylbenzenamine	C8H11N	121.0891494
170	122.0962	Phenethylamine;2-Phenylethylamine;beta-Phenylethylamine	C8H11N	121.0891494
171	122.0962	2,4-Dimethylaniline;2,4-DMA	C8H11N	121.0891494
172	122.0962	N,N-Dimethylaniline; N,N-Dimethylbenzenamine	C8H11N	121.0891494
173	122.0965	1-Phenylethylamine;alpha-Phenylethylamine	C8H11N	121.0891494
174	122.0965	2,6-Dimethylaniline	C8H11N	121.0891494
175	122.0965	N-Ethylaniline;N-Ethylbenzenamine	C8H11N	121.0891494
176	122.0965	2,5-Dimethylalanine	C8H11N	121.0891494
177	122.0965	2-Phenylethylamine;beta-Phenylethylamine	C8H11N	121.0891494
178	181.0694	Sorbose;xylo-Hexulose;D-Fructose	C6H12O6	180.0633881
179	181.0694	2-Deoxy-D-gluconate	C6H12O6	180.0633881
180	181.0694	Ketose	C6H12O6	180.0633881
181	181.0996	Methylphophonic acid diisopropyl ester	C7H17O3P	180.0915309
182	229.1235	1,1-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane	C15H16O2	228.1150298
183	229.1235	Mansonone C	C15H16O2	228.1150298
184	229.1235	Bisphenol A;2,2-Bis(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propane	C15H16O2	228.1150298
185	229.1235	dihydropinosylvin monomethylether	C15H16O2	228.1150298
186	229.1285	Deoxyguanidinoproclavaminic acid	C9H16N4O3	228.1222404
187	229.1298	Deoxyamidinoproclavaminate	C9H16N4O3	228.1222404
188	230.058	Lamivudine;3TC;2’,3’-Dideoxy-3’-thiacytidine	C8H11N3O3S	229.0521119
189	230.058	Carbonylphophonic acid	C9H12NO4P	229.0503944
190	230.058	2,3-Dihydroxy-2’-carboxybiphenyl	C13H9O4-	229.0500838
191	357.1718	Rutamarin	C21H24O5	356.1623739
191	357.1718	Gingerenone A	C21H24O5	356.1623739
192	357.1718	alpha,beta-dihydroxanthohumol	C21H24O5	356.1623739
193	357.1718	Kadsurenone;Denudatin B	C21H24O5	356.1623739
194	371.0795	Rebamipide	C19H15ClN2O4	370.0720347
195	371.0795	Digalacturonate;Digalacturonic acid	C12H18O13	370.0747407
196	371.0795	1,2-beta-D-Glucuronosyl-D-glucuronate	C12H18O13	370.0747407
197	371.145	Napththalene-2-sulfonamide	C20H22N2O3S	370.1351133
198	371.1501	iso-dehydrocycloxanthohumol hydrate	C21H22O6	370.1416384
199	371.1501	xanthohumol D	C21H22O6	370.1416384
200	371.1501	5’-Prenylhomoeriodictyol;Sigmoidin B 3’-methyl ether	C21H22O6	370.1416384
201	371.1501	xanthohumol B	C21H22O6	370.1416384
202	371.1501	curcumin	C21H22O6	370.1416384
203	371.1501	Alkannin beta,beta-dimethylacrylate	C21H22O6	370.1416384
204	371.1501	Sophoraisoflavanone A	C21H22O6	370.1416384
205	371.1509	iso-dehydrocycloxanthohumol hydrate	C21H22O6	370.1416384
206	371.1509	xanthohumol D	C21H22O6	370.1416384
207	371.1509	5’-Prenylhomoeriodictyol;Sigmoidin B 3’-methyl ether	C21H22O6	370.1416384
208	371.1509	xanthohumol B	C21H22O6	370.1416384
209	371.1509	curcumin	C21H22O6	370.1416384
210	371.1509	Alkannin beta,beta-dimethylacrylate	C21H22O6	370.1416384
211	371.1509	Sophoraisoflavanone A	C21H22O6	370.1416384
212	371.1528	Galactan;Amylose	C14H26O11	370.1475117
213	371.1528	Galactan;Amylose	C14H26O11	370.1475117
214	371.1541	Galactan;Amylose	C14H26O11	370.1475117
215	404.1365	trifluoperazine	C21H20F3N3S	403.1330029
216	404.1484	Ampicillin trihydrate	C16H25N3O7S	403.1413209
217	405.1191	Spectinomycin dihydrochloride	C14H26Cl2N2O7	404.1117066
218	405.1267	Sulfinpyrazone;Sulfoxyphenylpyrazolidine	C23H20N2O3S	404.1194632
219	405.1269	Sulfinpyrazone;Sulfoxyphenylpyrazolidine	C23H20N2O3S	404.1194632

Effect of B_ velezensis AP203, amended orange peel powder (OPP) or glucose on cotton growth at 45 days after planting in greenhouse trials_

	Shoot length		Root length		Shoot fresh		Root fresh
Treatment^a	(cm)^b		(cm)		weight (g)		weight (g)
TSB-grown cells	26.0	ab	18.5	abc	2.6	a	1.7	a
OPP (supernatant)	27.3	ab	20.2	ab	2.5	a	1.7	a
Glucose (supernatant)	26.8	ab	18.2	abc	2.5	a	1.6	a
OPP (Cells)	30.7	a	21.2	ab	2.2	a	1.9	a
Glucose (Cells)	27.0	ab	16.1	bc	2.7	a	1.6	a
OPP (Culture)	30.6	ab	20.1	ab	2.4	a	1.4	a
Glucose (Culture)	28.8	ab	18.1	abc	2.5	a	1.6	a
OPP	23.2	ab	17.7	abc	2.1	a	1.7	a
Glucose	22.6	b	16.1	bc	2.3	a	1.1	a
M. incognita nematode	20.0	b	14.3	c	1.7	a	0.9	a
Untreated control	26.2	ab	21.8	a	2.7	a	1.3	a

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-058 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X

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Language: English

Page range: 1 - 17

Published on: Jun 22, 2021

Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 times per year

Keywords:

Pectin,

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© 2021 Mohammad K. Hassan, Kathy S. Lawrence, Edward J. Sikora, Mark R. Liles, Joseph W. Kloepper, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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Enhanced biological control of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, by combined inoculation of cotton or soybean seeds with a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium and pectin-rich orange peel

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Figure S1:

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Figure S3:

Effect of B_ velezensis AP203 amended with orange peel powder (OPP) or glucose on soybean growth at 45 days after planting in greenhouse trials_

Predicted secondary metabolites found in cell-free supernatants of B_ velezensis AP203 after 48 hr growth in 0_5% (w/v) OPP amended Tris Spizizen Salts (TSS) media_

List of predicted secondary metabolites found in cell-free supernatants of B_ velezensis AP203 after 48 hr growth in 0_5% (w/v) orange peel power (OPP) amended Tris Spizizen Salts (TSS) media_

Effect of B_ velezensis AP203, amended orange peel powder (OPP) or glucose on cotton growth at 45 days after planting in greenhouse trials_

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