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Virulence of Steinernema ceratophorum against different pest insects and their potential for in vivo and in vitro culture

Journal of Nematology
Volume 53 (2021): Issue 1 (January 2021)
By:
Open Access
|Apr 2021

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Corrected mortality rates of different larval stages of Spodoptera exigua, S. frugiperda, Ostrinia nubilalis and Helicoverpa armigera after treated by Steinernema ceratophorum at 25, 50, and 100 IJ/larva for 48 h. Bars with different letters indicate significant difference among different nematode rates of the same larval stage of each insect pest according to Tukey’s test at P = 0.05.
Corrected mortality rates of different larval stages of Spodoptera exigua, S. frugiperda, Ostrinia nubilalis and Helicoverpa armigera after treated by Steinernema ceratophorum at 25, 50, and 100 IJ/larva for 48 h. Bars with different letters indicate significant difference among different nematode rates of the same larval stage of each insect pest according to Tukey’s test at P = 0.05.

Figure 2:

Mortality of Galleria mellonella, Tenebrio molitor and Spodoptera litura larvae treated by Steinernema ceratophorum at 50, 100, and 200 IJ/larva at 20, 25, and 30°C after 48 and 72 h. Bars with different letters indicate significant difference in mortality rates of the same host at the same temperature, according to Tukey’s test at P = 0.05.
Mortality of Galleria mellonella, Tenebrio molitor and Spodoptera litura larvae treated by Steinernema ceratophorum at 50, 100, and 200 IJ/larva at 20, 25, and 30°C after 48 and 72 h. Bars with different letters indicate significant difference in mortality rates of the same host at the same temperature, according to Tukey’s test at P = 0.05.

Figure 3:

Yield of infective juveniles (IJ) of Steinernema ceratophorum cultured in Galleria mellonella, Tenebrio molitor and Spodoptera litura at inoculum concentration of 50, 100, and 200 IJ/larva at 20, 25, and 30°C.
Yield of infective juveniles (IJ) of Steinernema ceratophorum cultured in Galleria mellonella, Tenebrio molitor and Spodoptera litura at inoculum concentration of 50, 100, and 200 IJ/larva at 20, 25, and 30°C.

Figure 4:

Yield of infective juveniles (IJ) of Steinernema ceratophorum cultured in sponge media at 20, 25, and 30°C for different culture period. Bars with different uppercase letters indicate significant differences in IJ yield cultured at different temperatures at the same culture period, and lowercase letters indicate significant differences in IJ yield cultured for different period at the same temperature, according to Tukey’s test at P = 0.05.
Yield of infective juveniles (IJ) of Steinernema ceratophorum cultured in sponge media at 20, 25, and 30°C for different culture period. Bars with different uppercase letters indicate significant differences in IJ yield cultured at different temperatures at the same culture period, and lowercase letters indicate significant differences in IJ yield cultured for different period at the same temperature, according to Tukey’s test at P = 0.05.

Figure 5:

Mortality of Galleria mellonella larvae 48 h after treated by infective juveniles of Steinernema ceratophorum produced in sponge media at 20, 25, and 30°C for different culture period.
Mortality of Galleria mellonella larvae 48 h after treated by infective juveniles of Steinernema ceratophorum produced in sponge media at 20, 25, and 30°C for different culture period.

Mortality of the Galleria mellonella larvae after treated by the progeny of Steinernema ceratophorum, which were cultured in G_ mellonella, Tenebrio molitor and Spodoptera litura at inoculum concentration of 50, 100 and 200 IJ/larva at 30°C_

Weeks afterMortality (Mean ± SE%)
HostWhite trap50 IJ/larva100 IJ/larva200 IJ/larva
Galleria mellonella 275.0 ± 8.775.0 ± 8.790.0 ± 5.8
365.0 ± 2.975.0 ± 2.992.5 ± 4.8
492.5 ± 4.885.0 ± 8.792.5 ± 4.8
Tenebrio molitor 280.0 ± 0.0100.0 ± 0.0–
385.0 ± 2.370.0 ± 0.0–
485.0 ± 2.380.0 ± 11.5–
Spodoptera litura 25.0 ± 2.35.0 ± 2.910.0 ± 0.0
3–30.0 ± 0.0–
4–70.0 ± 5.8–

Number of dead larvae of Galleria mellonella, Tenebrio molitor and Spodoptera litura used for white trap and yield calculation_

Inoculum concentrationNumber of dead larvae (Mean ± SE%)
Host(IJ/larva)20°C25°C30°C
Galleria mellonella 5010.0 ± 0.09.8 ± 0.210.0 ± 0.0
10010.0 ± 0.010.0 ± 0.010.0 ± 0.0
20010.0 ± 0.010.0 ± 0.010.0 ± 0.0
Tenebrio molitor 504.8 ± 0.56.8 ± 0.89.5 ± 0.5
1008.0 ± 0.47.8 ± 0.59.5 ± 0.3
2009.5 ± 0.510.0 ± 0.010.0 ± 0.0
Spodoptera litura 509.8 ± 0.210.0 ± 0.010.0 ± 0.0
10010.0 ± 0.010.0 ± 0.010.0 ± 0.0
20010.0 ± 0.010.0 ± 0.010.0 ± 0.0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-046 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X
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Language: English
Page range: 1 - 12
Published on: Apr 16, 2021
Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 times per year
Keywords:
Entomopathogenic nematodes,
In vitro solid culture,
In vivo culture,
Virulence
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Life sciences, other

© 2021 Xun Yan, Guimei Chen, Yuqing Chen, Bingjiao Sun, Xinghui Gu, Weibing Ruan, Richou Han, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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