Effects of fluopyram and azadirachtin integration with sunn hemp on nematode communities in zucchini, tomato and sweet potato in Hawaii

Waisen, Philip; Wang, Koon-Hui; Uyeda, Jensen; Myers, Roxana Y.

Effects of fluopyram and azadirachtin integration with sunn hemp on nematode communities in zucchini, tomato and sweet potato in Hawaii

Journal of Nematology

Volume 53 (2021): Issue 1 (January 2021)

By:

Philip Waisen, Koon-Hui Wang, Jensen Uyeda and Roxana Y. Myers

Open Access

|Jan 2021

Figures & Tables

Abundance of A) reniform and B) root-knot nematodes affected by treatments on zucchini or on tomato (C, D) in Trial I. Means (n-9) followed by the same letter(s) are not different according to Waller-Duncan k-ratio (k = 100) t-test. Velum I = fluopyram treatment at crop planting; Velum II = fluopyram treatment at crop planting and 2 weeks after the planting; SH + Velum = pre-plant sunn hemp cover crop followed by fluopyram treatment at 1 month after crop planting; SH + MoltX = sunn hemp cover crop and monthly azadirachtin treatment; Control = untreated bare ground.

Abundance of A) reniform and B) root-knot nematodes on zucchini or on tomato (C, D) affected by treatments in Trial II. Means (n = 6) followed by the same letter(s) are not different according to Waller-Duncan k-ratio (k = 100) t-test. Velum I = fluopyram treatment at crop planting; Velum II = fluopyram treatment at 2 weeks after crop planting; SH + Velum = pre-plant sunn hemp cover crop followed by fluopyram treatment 4 weeks after planting; SH + MoltX = sunn hemp cover crop followed by monthly azadirachtin treatment; Control = untreated bare ground.

Abundance of A) reniform and B) root-knot nematodes on sweet potato affected by treatments in Trial III. Means (n = 12) followed by the same letter(s) are not different according to Waller-Duncan k-ratio (k = 100) t-test. Velum I = fluopyram treatment at 0 and 3 months after crop planting; Velum II = fluopyram treatment at 2 weeks and 3 months after crop planting; SH + Velum = pre-plant sunn hemp cover crop followed by fluopyram at 1 and 3 months after crop planting; SH + MoltX = pre-plant sunn hemp cover crop and monthly azadirachtin treatment; Control = untreated bare ground.

Abundance (/250 cm3 of soil) of bacterivorous, fungivorous, and omnivorous nematodes on tomato affected by treatments in Trial II_

Treatments	Bacterivores	Fungivores	Omnivores
Velum I	68 ± 19c^z	90 ± 16b	7 ± 7bc
Velum II	110 ± 35bc	77 ± 22b	5 ± 5c
SH + Velum	702 ± 122a	563 ± 158a	35 ± 27ab
SH + MoltX	1162 ± 457a	657 ± 194a	62 ± 30a
Control	163 ± 65b	62 ± 17b	43 ± 25a

Abundance of bacterivorous, fungivorous, and omnivorous nematodes (/250 cm3 of soil) on tomato affected by treatments in Trial I_

Treatments	Bacterivores	Fungivores	Omnivores
2 months after planting
Velum I	149 ± 54d	253 ± 61b	3 ± 3b
Velum II	393 ± 90cd	410 ± 80b	7 ± 3b
SH + Velum	2193 ± 769a	900 ± 120a	40 ± 30ab
SH + MoltX	1623 ± 613ab	1123 ± 185a	220 ± 157a
Control	587 ± 148bc	293 ± 18b	10 ± 6b
3 months after planting
Velum I	140 ± 36c	103 ± 60b	0 ± 0b
Velum II	70 ± 25d	127 ± 15b	0 ± 0b
SH + Velum	320 ± 76b	407 ± 235a	0 ± 0b
SH + MoltX	817 ± 147a	407 ± 235a	57 ± 14a
Control	370 ± 35b	180 ± 104ab	47 ± 27a

Abundance (/250 cm3 of soil) of bacterivorous, fungivorous, and omnivorous nematodes on zucchini affected by treatments in Trial II_

	Bacterivores		Fungivores	Omnivores
Treatments	0 week	8 weeks
Velum I	40 ± 31b^z	353 ± 175a	118 ± 41b	0 ± 0a
Velum II	50 ± 25b	194 ± 95a	95 ± 37b	0 ± 0a
SH + Velum	547 ± 115a	510 ± 216a	450 ± 96a	8 ± 5a
SH + MoltX	470 ± 118a	547 ± 235a	553 ± 113a	13 ± 6a
Control	53 ± 15b	633 ± 111a	87 ± 47b	18 ± 13a

Chlorophyll content, canopy width, fruit number, and Meloidogyne-induced root-gall index on zucchini and tomato affected by treatments in Trials I and II_

Treatment	Chlorophyll content (SPAD)		Canopy width (cm)		Root weight (g)		Fruit no./plant		Root-gall index (0-10 scale)
(Trial)	I	II	I	II	I	II	I	II	I	II
Zucchini
Velum I	36 ± 1bc^z	47 ± 2a	87 ± 7b	114 ± 5c	89 ± 12b	35 ± 4b	50 ± 3bc	7 ± 1ab	3 ± 1a	2 ± 0c
Velum II	37 ± 1b	46 ± 1a	89 ± 8b	118 ± 6bc	102 ± 27ab	31 ± 4b	40 ± 5c	5 ± 1bc	3 ± 1a	2 ± 1bc
SH + Velum	44 ± 1a	47 ± 1a	117 ± 4a	134 ± 3a	155 ± 12a	49 ± 4a	72 ± 3a	10 ± 1a	4 ± 1a	3 ± 1b
SH + MoltX	42 ± 2a	45 ± 1a	109 ± 6a	127 ± 6ab	124 ± 19ab	39 ± 4ab	54 ± 5b	6 ± 1bc	4 ± 2a	5 ± 2a
Control	34 ± 2c	44 ± 1a	69 ± 10c	98 ± 6d	71 ± 40b	35 ± 4b	20 ± 11d	3 ± 1c	7 ± 0a	5 ± 2a
Tomato
	Chlorophyll content (SPAD)		Canopy width (cm)		Root weight (g)		Fruit weight g/plot		Root-gall index (0-10 scale)
Velum I	–	44 ± 1a	–	–	110 ± 10bc	53 ± 9a	3525 ± 717a	123 ± 50a	4 ± 1b	2 ± 1c
Velum II	–	43 ± 1ab	–	–	95 ± 21c	76 ± 17a	1074 ± 471c	101 ± 29a	3 ± 1b	4 ± 1b
SH + Velum	–	45 ± 1a	–	–	92 ± 3c	87 ± 22a	1995 ± 258b	86 ± 32a	2 ± 1b	6 ± 1ab
SH + MoltX	–	40 ± 1b	–	–	153 ± 11ab	64 ± 19a	3460 ± 80a	105 ± 45a	6 ± 0ab	7 ± 1a
Control	–	43 ± 2ab	–	–	164 ± 26a	77 ± 17a	1625 ± 604b	112 ± 65a	8 ± 0a	8 ± 0a

Abundance (/250 cm3 of soil) of bacterivorous, fungivorous, and omnivorous nematodes on zucchini affected by treatments Trial I_

Treatments	Bacterivores	Fungivores	Omnivores
Velum I	614 ± 178b^z	392 ± 226c	21 ± 18a
Velum II	827 ± 489b	360 ± 208c	30 ± 21a
SH + Velum	1203 ± 217a	722 ± 417ab	23 ± 16a
SH + MoltX	1538 ± 682a	844 ± 488a	40 ± 28a
Control	871 ± 195ab	416 ± 150bc	23 ± 13a

Abundance (/250 cm3 of soil) of bacterivorous nematodes on sweet potato affected by treatments in Trial III_

	Bacterivores
Treatments	0 week	2 months	3 months	7 months	Fungivores	Omnivores
Velum I	270 ± 91ab^z	313 ± 55c	137 ± 47bc	43 ± 20b	83 ± 29b	1 ± 1c
Velum II	310 ± 95ab	690 ± 316bc	117 ± 47c	70 ± 12b	113 ± 32b	4 ± 4c
SH + Velum	617 ± 292ab	723 ± 20ab	293 ± 48abc	280 ± 86a	693 ± 339a	6 ± 3bc
SH + MoltX	820 ± 354a	1520 ± 525a	803 ± 158a	563 ± 206a	460 ± 207a	23 ± 8a
Control	150 ± 111b	1223 ± 308a	350 ± 66ab	390 ± 83a	57 ± 12b	19 ± 8ab

Fluopyram and azadirachtin chemigation schedules for Trials I, II, and III_

	Chemigation schedule
	Trial I (2017)	Trial II (2018)	Trial III (2019)
Treatments	Zucchini and tomato	Zucchini and tomato	Sweet potato
Velum I	At planting	At planting	At planting and 3 months post-planting
Velum II	At planting and 2 weeks post-planting	At 2 weeks post-planting	At 2 weeks and 3 months post-planting
SH + Velum	At 4 weeks post-planting	At 4 weeks post-planting	At 1 and 3 month(s) post-planting
SH + MoltX	At monthly interval	At monthly interval	At monthly interval
Control	Untreated bare ground	Untreated bare ground	Untreated bare ground

Marketable and unmarketable sweet potato root number and weight affected by treatments in Trial III_

	Marketable		Unmarketable
Treatment	Number	Weight (kg)	Number	Weight (kg)
Velum I	2 ± 0a^z	0.7 ± 0.2a	2 ± 1a	0.4 ± 0.1a
Velum II	2 ± 0a	0.8 ± 0.4a	2 ± 1a	0.3 ± 0.1a
SH + Velum	3 ± 1a	1.0 ± 0.3a	3 ± 1a	0.7 ± 0.2a
SH + MoltX	1 ± 0b	0.2 ± 0.1a	2 ± 0a	0.7 ± 0.3a
Control	0 ± 0b	0.1 ± 0.1b	2 ± 0a	0.5 ± 0.1a

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-030 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X

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Language: English

Page range: 1 - 15

Published on: Jan 1, 2021

Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 times per year

Keywords:

Chemigation,

Free-living nematodes,

spp.,

Related subjects:

© 2021 Philip Waisen, Koon-Hui Wang, Jensen Uyeda, Roxana Y. Myers, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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Effects of fluopyram and azadirachtin integration with sunn hemp on nematode communities in zucchini, tomato and sweet potato in Hawaii

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Figure 2:

Figure 3:

Abundance (/250 cm3 of soil) of bacterivorous, fungivorous, and omnivorous nematodes on tomato affected by treatments in Trial II_

Abundance of bacterivorous, fungivorous, and omnivorous nematodes (/250 cm3 of soil) on tomato affected by treatments in Trial I_

Abundance (/250 cm3 of soil) of bacterivorous, fungivorous, and omnivorous nematodes on zucchini affected by treatments in Trial II_

Chlorophyll content, canopy width, fruit number, and Meloidogyne-induced root-gall index on zucchini and tomato affected by treatments in Trials I and II_

Abundance (/250 cm3 of soil) of bacterivorous, fungivorous, and omnivorous nematodes on zucchini affected by treatments Trial I_

Abundance (/250 cm3 of soil) of bacterivorous nematodes on sweet potato affected by treatments in Trial III_

Fluopyram and azadirachtin chemigation schedules for Trials I, II, and III_

Marketable and unmarketable sweet potato root number and weight affected by treatments in Trial III_

Paradigm

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