Occurrence and molecular characterization of Meloidogyne graminicola on rice in Central Punjab, Pakistan

					Prevalence
Sr #	Locations	Elevation	Latitude	Longitude	2014	2015	2016
1	133 J.B.	178 V	31.57931	072.97683	−	−	−
2	134 J.B.	173 V	31.59705	072.96338	+	+	+
3	223 J.B.	169 V	31.62043	072.96727	−	−	−
4	Moza Rajoya	176 R	31.66198	072.97448	+	+	+
5	M.Thattian	184 R	31.68778	072.97489	−	−	−
6	M. Johdpur	180 R	31.69026	072.97472	−	−	−
7	Ahmad Nagar	182 R	31.77321	072.89966	−	−	−
8	Ahmad Pur	187 R	31.79090	072.87729	−	−	−
9	M. kanwewala	183 R	31.81763	072.82544	−	−	−
10	Moza Judhi	186 R	31.82471	072.81122	−	−	−
11	202 J.B.	192 V	31.84161	072.83868	−	−	−
12	Kote Qazipur	190 R	31.84774	072.84970	−	−	−
13	Biewal	187 R	31.90920	072.94682	−	−	−
14	Kalowal	182 R	31.90423	072.95624	−	−	−
15	Jand wala	185 R	31.88589	072.99015	−	−	−
16	Pungu Morr	184 R	31.84625	072.96008	+	+	+
17	Moza Johdabad	183 R	31.83006	072.93907	−	−	−
18	M.Hussainabad	188 R	31.82157	072.92782	+	+	+
19	M.Mohsanabad	178 R	31.79400	072.89456	−	−	−
20	Moza Vaisaan	176 R	31.78678	072.88346	−	−	−
21	241 J.B.	178 V	31.72044	072.95988	−	−	−
22	Moza Bukharian	177 R	31.70576	072.95381	−	−	−
23	Abbas nagar	180 R	31.68935	72.93636	−	−	−
24	Kandiwal	177 R	31.67671	72.90760	−	−	−
25	241 J.B.	179 V	31.66678	72.87928	−	−	−
26	Thatta Jahania	177 R	31.66310	72.86660	+	+	+
27	Adil wala bangla	169 V	31.66029	72.85530	−	−	−
28	194 J.B.	171 V	31.65541	72.83943	−	−	−
29	94 J.B.	179 V	31.64864	72.82515	−	−	−
30	202 J.B.	179 V	31.62264	72.77077	+	+	+
31	Moza Nitthar	167 R	31.59611	72.70949	−	−	−
32	254 J.B.	168 V	31.58803	72.69275	−	−	−
33	Jamya abad	168 T	31.55409	72.64627	+	+	+
34	Gondlan wali	167 R	31.53430	72.66215	−	−	−
35	Chenab mills Ltd	166 C	31.51384	72.67929	−	−	−
36	Bhawana city	170 C	31.50520	72.68622	−	−	−
37	129 J.B.	172 V	31.50039	72.69027	−	−	−
38	41 J.B.	165 V	31.49171	72.69737	−	+	+
39	223 J.B.	169 V	31.45835	72.72484	−	−	+
40	Rahmuana	181 V	31.42409	72.75250	−	−	−

1 Note: Villages with official code (V), JB, stand for canal irrigation official code. R stands for River Chenab basin areas and C stands for City/ Town area. Positive (+) sign indicates presence of RKN; negative (−) indicates absence of RKN in the rice field.

Table 2.

Prevalence of M. graminicola in district Faisalabad.

					Prevalence
Sr #	Locations	Elevation	Latitude	Longitude	2014	2015	2016
1	217 R.B.	175 V	31.44325	073.00077	−	−	−
2	61 J.B.	176 V	31.45346	072.97887	−	−	−
3	57 J.B.	177 V	31.45328	072.98147	−	−	−
4	58 J.B.	186 V	31.46937	072.99122	+	+	+
5	52 J.B.	181 V	31.49570	073.00120	−	−	−
6	54 J.B.	186 V	31.500394	072.99582	−	−	−
7	51 J.B.	180 V	31.51203	072.98117	−	−	−
8	53 J.B.	180 V	31.52299	072.97618	−	−	−
9	49 J.B.	186 V	31.56101	072.98678	−	−	−
10	218 J.B.	173 V	31.43074	072.97399	+	+	+
11	64 J.B.	173 V	31.39198	072.93964	−	−	−
12	68 J.B.	174 V	31.37310	072.92706	−	−	−
13	66 J.B.	178 V	31.40154	72.97310	−	−	−
14	275 J.B.	169 V	31.34735	72.83235	−	−	−
15	70 J.B.	181 V	31.36304	72.90952	−	+	+
16	289 R.B.	172 V	31.33934	072.99238	−	−	−
17	245 R.B.	177 V	31.33586	073.01232	−	−	−
18	296 R.B.	179 V	31.33620	073.04997	−	−	−
19	254 R.B.	166 V	31.33576	073.00168	−	−	−
20	269 R.B.	167 V	31.19880	072.99097	−	−	−
21	135 G.B.	169 V	31.14848	072.98298	−	−	−
22	UAF	179 C	31.43735	073.07427	+	+	+
23	Samundari City	168 C	31.05557	072.97504	−	−	−
24	71 G.B.	165 V	31.05584	072.97427	−	−	+
25	73 G.B.	165 V	31.05005	072.99210	−	−	−
26	442 G.B.	172 V	31.04441	073.00982	+	+	+
27	393 G.B.	172 V	31.02308	073.07303	−	−	−
28	423 G.B.	178 V	31.07426	073.13823	−	−	−
29	424 G.B.	172 V	31.08084	073.14034	+	+	+
30	430 G.B.	171 V	31.11562	073.15054	−	−	−
31	172 G.B.	178 V	31.14319	073.14831	−	−	−
32	171 G.B.	178 V	31.16456	073.13882	−	−	−
33	39 G.B.	176 V	31.20585	073.17356	+	+	+
34	41 G.B.	182 V	31.20572	073.17418	−	−	−
35	54 G.B.	183 V	31.26873	073.29616	−	−	−
36	21 G.B.	191 V	31.30716	073.38556	−	−	−
37	205 R.B.	186 V	31.43253	073.23050		+	+
38	66 G.B.	181 V	31.34015	073.33852	+	+	+
39	216 R.B.	183 V	31.38091	073.22599	−	−	−
40	229 R.B.	184 V	31.39439	073.20733	+	+	+

1 Note: Villages with official code (V), JB, RB and GB stand for canal irrigation official code. C indicates a City/ Town area. Positive (+) sign indicates presence of RKN and negative (−) indicates absence of RKN in the rice field.

GPS map of Faisalabad and Chiniot districts. Red dots indicate locations of samples infested with *M. graminicola*.

Rice roots infected with *M. graminicola*. The roots are showing typical symptoms of galls or knots.

Perineal pattern of *M. graminicola* by light (above) and electron (below) microscopy.

Table 3.

Incidence of M. graminicola at different locations of district Chiniot.

Year	Location	Galling index	Juveniles/root sample	Juveniles/soil sample	Stylet bearing nematodes	Non-stylet bearing nematodes
2014	134 J.B	2.20 b	300.80 b	140.40 d	4.20 bc	2.80 e
	Moza Rajoya	3.80 a	348.60 ab	280.80 b	3.80 c	9.40 cd
	Pungu Mor	2.60 ab	290.40 b	108.80 d	1.60 d	11.40 bcd
	Jamya Abad	3.20 ab	390.40 a	119.00 d	3.80 c	12.00 bc
	Jandwala	4.00 a	297.20 b	211.40 c	5.20 ab	8.40 d
	223 JB-2	3.80 a	336.60 ab	347.20 a	5.80 a	14.00 ab
	Rahmuana	3.20 ab	294.00 b	184.00 c	5.40 ab	17.20 a
2015	134 J.B	3.40 a	172.20 a	117.80 f	6.20 cd	7.20 d
	Moza Rajoya	3.20 a	117.40 c	242.60 c	2.80 f	9.20 cd
	Pungu Mor	2.80 a	163.20 ab	136.40 e	7.40 bc	13.00 a
	Jamya Abad	3.20 a	126.40 bc	135.80 e	9.20 a	10.00 bc
	Jandwala	2.80 a	156.80 abc	107.00 g	5.80 de	10.40 bc
	223 JB-2	3.20 a	134.00 abc	194.60 d	4.80 e	9.20 cd
	Rahmuana	3.60 a	130.80 abc	279.60 b	7.80 b	11.80 ab
	202 JB	3.40 a	131.80 abc	292.20 a	7.40 bc	10.40 bc
2016	134 J.B	3.40 ab	278.00 bc	218.00 b	5.20 c	4.00 c
	Moza Rajoya	3.20 ab	268.60 c	298.80 a	9.00 a	10.20 ab
	Pungu Mor	2.80 b	332.80 abc	185.20 e	8.20 ab	7.20 bc
	Jamya Abad	3.00 b	349.40 abc	213.80 bc	7.40 b	9.40 ab
	Jandwala	3.40 ab	380.80 a	199.20 d	5.80 c	8.80 b
	223 JB-2	4.20 a	292.60 bc	172.60 f	5.20 c	9.00 b
	Rahmuana	3.80 ab	280.80 bc	211.40 bc	5.60 c	6.80 bc
	202 JB	3.80 ab	362.00 ab	204.80 cd	5.00 c	8.00 b
	129 JB	2.80 b	330.60 abc	187.20 e	7.20 b	12.60 a

1 Note: The means followed by the same letters in a column are not significantly different by LSD test (c level).

Table 4.

Incidence of M. graminicola at different locations of Faisalabad district.

Year	Location	Galling index	Juveniles/root sample	Juveniles/soil sample	Stylet bearing nematodes	Non-stylet bearing nematodes
2014	58 J.B.	2.60 b	334.80 ab	157.20 e	5.60 bc	9.00 c
	218 R.B.	3.60 ab	352.20 a	131.60 g	4.80 cd	8.80 c
	70 J.B.	1.40 c	340.00 a	219.80 b	4.80 cd	11.00 ab
	442 G.B.	3.60 ab	332.40 ab	147.60 f	4.80 cd	10.60 abc
	39 G.B.	3.00 b	266.20 b	238.00 a	6.00 abc	10.00 bc
	424 G.B.	2.60 b	352.60 a	172.20 d	6.40 ab	9.20 bc
	205 R.B.	3.20 ab	320.00 ab	184.00 c	7.00 a	12.00 a
	UAF	4.20 a	280.80 ab	113.60 h	4.20 d	10.40 abc
2015	58 J.B.	2.60 ab	336.00 a	205.60 b	5.40 cd	9.20 c
	218 R.B.	2.20 b	342.20 a	130.20 e	5.20 cd	8.80 c
	70 J.B.	3.00 ab	331.00 a	137.40 e	4.20 d	9.80 bc
	442 G.B.	2.40 ab	338.40 a	148.80 de	5.20 cd	9.80 bc
	39 G.B.	3.20 ab	276.20 a	185.00 bc	7.80 a	10.00 bc
	424 G.B.	3.80 a	339.60 a	128.60 e	4.80 cd	9.20 c
	205 R.B.	2.20 b	330.60 a	308.40 a	7.00 ab	10.60 abc
	UAF	3.40 ab	292.60 a	127.80 e	5.80 bc	9.40 bc
	209 R.B.	2.80 ab	349.40 a	172.60 cd	8.20 a	11.80 ab
	66 G.B.	2.60 ab	352.80 a	100.40 f	7.20 a	13.00 a
2016	58 J.B.	2.00 d	361.20 a	106.80 g	5.20 de	9.00 bc
	218 R.B.	2.40 cd	340.00 ab	90.60 h	4.80 de	9.60 abc
	70 J.B.	4.00 a	340.00 ab	190.80 b	5.20 de	10.40 abc
	442 G.B.	2.20 cd	328.40 ab	168.00 c	9.00 a	10.20 abc
	39 G.B.	3.20 bc	277.80 b	209.60 a	5.00 de	9.80 abc
	424 G.B.	3.40 ab	394.00 a	158.80 d	7.20 abc	8.80 bc
	205 R.B.	2.40 bcd	362.00 a	150.60 e	4.20 de	8.40 c
	UAF	3.20 abc	380.80 a	207.00 a	6.00 bcd	9.40 abc
	209 R.B.	2.80 bcd	360.40 a	120.20 f	5.40 cde	9.20 abc
	66 G.B.	3.40 ab	368.60 a	162.60 d	7.60 ab	10.80 ab
	71 G.B.	2.60 bcd	358.00 a	123.20 f	3.60 e	11.20 a

1 Note: The means followed by the same letters in a column are not significantly different by LSD test (P = 0.05 level).

Table 5.

Incidence of M. graminicola on different alternate hosts.

Sr #	Local name	Botanical name	Juveniles /root sample	Juveniles/soil sample	Stylet bearing nematodes	Non-stylet bearing nematodes
1	Della	Cyperus rotundus	826.6 bc	145.6 b	11.2 de	6.6 b
2	Madhana Grass	Dactyloctenium aegyptium	700.8 cd	100.0 de	11.2 de	4.4 cd
3	Barnyard grass	Echinochloa crusgalli,	4914.6 a	424.0 a	29.6 a	9.4 a
4	False Daisy	Eclipta alba	646.0 d	100.6 de	22.4 b	6.4 bc
5	Knotgrass	Paspalum distchum	494.2 e	91.2 e	14.6 cd	5.4 bcd
6	Toothed Dock	Rumex dentatus	783.8 cd	121.0 cd	23.0 b	4.6 bcd
7	Jangli gai	Avena fatua,	776.2 cd	101.6 de	18.8 bc	5.0 bcd
8	Dumbi Sitti	Phalaris minor	942.8 b	129.4 bc	8.4 e	4.0 d
9	Cauliflower	Brassica oleracea	142.2 f	43.4 g	10.6 de	3.4 d
10	Coriander	Coriandrum sativum L.	143.8 f	85.4 ef	10.2 de	3.6 d
11	Maithi	Trigonella foenum-graecum L.	178.6 f	64.4 fg	7.6 e	5.2 bcd

1 Note: The means followed by the same letters in a column are not significantly different by LS D test (p = 0.05 level).

Table 6.

ITS sequences of M. graminicola isolates with GenBank accession numbers.

Location	Elevation	Latitude	Altitude	Isolate	GenBank Accession	Nucleotide
Rajoya	176	31.66198	072.97448	JB1CT	KX757064.1	326 bp
UAF	179	31.43735	073.07427	JB2 UAF	KX757065.1	328 bp
58 J.B	186	31.46937	072.99122	JB3FSD1	KX757066.1	326 bp
218 J.B	173 V	31.43074	072.97399	JB3FSD2	KX757067.1	326 bp
442 G.B	172 V	31.04441	073.00982	JB3FSD3	MH057345.1	326 bp
424 G.B	172 V	31.08084	073.14034	JB3FSD4	MH057346.1	326 bp
205 R.B	186 V	31.43253	073.23050	JB3FSD5	MH057347.1	326 bp
70 J.B	181 V	31.36304	72.909520	JB3FSD6	MH057348.1	326 bp

ITS rDNA PCR amplification products using forward primer rDNA2 and reverse primer rDNA1.58 s. Isolate names are given in white text on the upper side of their respective band in the gel; DNA ladder is to the left of the gel.

Multiple alignment of ITS sequences from different isolates collected in Faisalabad and Chiniot. The NCBI Genbank accession numbers and isolate names are given in the start of sequences. Complete bars at the top of the sequences show the degree of conservation of different nucleotides in the ITS sequence among different isolates. Similarly, base conservation is also denoted by the capitalized nucleotide alphabet.

Phylogenetic tree of *M. graminicola* isolates based on ITS sequences. Sequences from this study are in bold. Taxon labels are Genbank accession numbers followed by species epithet, isolate code, and geographic location of the sequenced isolates. Scale bar represents 2% sequence divergence.

References

Authors

Metrics

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2020-123 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 1 - 17

Published online: Jan 16, 2021

Published in print: Jan 1, 2020

Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Keywords:

Alternate hosts,

Diagnosis,

ITS rDNA,

Meloidogyne graminicola,

Morphology,

Rice root-knot nematode

Related subjects:

Life sciences,

Life sciences, other

© 2021 Abdul Jabbar, Nazir Javed, Anjum Munir, Huma Abbas, Sajid A. Khan, Anam Moosa, Muhammad Jabran, Byron J. Adams, Muhammad A. Ali, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 52 (2020): Issue 1 (January 2020)

Occurrence and molecular characterization of Meloidogyne graminicola on rice in Central Punjab, Pakistan

Figures & Tables

Table 1.

Table 2.

Figure 1:

Figure 2:

Figure 3:

Table 3.

Table 4.

Table 5.

Table 6.

Figure 4:

Figure 5:

Figure 6:

Paradigm

My account