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Morphological, morphometrical, and molecular characterization of Metarhabditis amsactae (Ali, Pervez, Andrabi, Sharma and Verma, 2011) Sudhaus, 2011 (Rhabditida, Rhabditidae) from India and proposal of Metarhabditis longicaudata as a junior synonym of M. amsactae Cover

Morphological, morphometrical, and molecular characterization of Metarhabditis amsactae (Ali, Pervez, Andrabi, Sharma and Verma, 2011) Sudhaus, 2011 (Rhabditida, Rhabditidae) from India and proposal of Metarhabditis longicaudata as a junior synonym of M. amsactae

Journal of Nematology
Volume 52 (2020): Issue 1 (January 2020)
By: ,  ,  ,  ,   and    
Open Access
|Dec 2020
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Table 1.

Morphometrics of Metarhabditis amsactae (Ali, Pervez, Andrabi, Sharma and Verma, 2011) Sudhaus, 2011 from India.

CharactersFemaleMaleL3
n202020
Body length (L)939 ± 119 (718-1135)800 ± 91 (653-999)383 ± 55 (305-475)
a (L/MBW)16.4 ± 2.7 (10.9-21.1)16.7 ± 2.0 (12.7-20.7)18.9 ± 2.0 (15.7-22.9)
b (L/NL)5.4 ± 0.6 (4.5-6.6)4.9 ± 0.5 (3.8-5.9)3.4 ± 0.5 (2.7-4.3)
c (L/T)10.9 ± 1.7 (8.7-14.0)13.7 ± 2.7 (9.8-20.9)7.5 ± 1.2 (6.0-10.2)
c′ (T/ABW)4.1 ± 0.6 (2.9-5.2)2.9 ± 0.5 (1.5-3.8)4.8 ± 1.0 (3.0-6.0)
V (VA/L × 100)51.2 ± 2.1 (46-56)––
Lip region width7.9 ± 1.4 (5-11)7.1 ± 1.1 (6-10)3.3 ± 0.5 (2-5)
Stoma length18.4 ± 2.3 (14-22)17.1 ± 2.3 (13-21)12.8 ± 1.1 (11-15)
Stomatal tube width5.0 ± 0.4 (2.5-3.5)3.5 ± 0.7 (2.5-5.5)?
Pharyngeal corpus length74 ± 5.6 (68-98)68 ± 4.5 (58-76)35 ± 2.9 (30-42)
Metacorpus length31 ± 3.9 (24-36)30 ± 2.6 (24-33)22 ± 2.4 (19-27)
Isthmus length40 ± 5.5 (40-48)39 ± 2.5 (35-41)27 ± 2.6 (23-31)
Bulb length29 ± 2.3 (26-34)29 ± 2.6 (24-35)16.8 ± 2.8 (12-24)
Pharynx length175 ± 13.3 (156-195)166 ± 7.3 (141-175)101 ± 6.5 (88-112)
Nerve ring – anterior end123 ± 15.0 (98-153)112 ± 9.1 (92-125)69 ± 10.9 (53-92)
Excretory pore–anterior end (EP)137 ± 18.2 (110-166)130 ± 9.1 (113-144)78 ± 11.7 (56-103)
Deirid–anterior end133 ± 16.0 (110-167)125 ± 11.0 (107-147)?
Neck length (stoma + pharynx, NL)173 ± 15.0 (148-195)163 ± 8.3 (144-176)114 ± 6.1 (101-124)
Body width at neck base43 ± 5.2 (32-50)38 ± 4.2 (32-50)18.7 ± 2.9 (14-25)
Mid-body width (MBW)58 ± 10.4 (43-81)48 ± 7.2 (40-66)20.5 ± 3.3 (16-29)
Anterior genital branch or Testis260 ± 38.2 (192-372)198 ± 15 (188-222)–
Posterior genital branch278 ± 27.5 (229-321)––
Vagina length24.5 ± 4.1 (17-30)––
Vulva–anterior end (VA)480 ± 64 (380-579)––
Rectum length31 ± 6.4 (22-42)–15.0 ± 4.0 (9-23)
Anal body width (ABW)22 ± 2.7 (16-28)20.9 ± 2.5 (17-27)11.2 ± 2.2 (9-17)
Tail length (T)87 ± 10.5 (68-101)63 ± 8.2 (49-62)52 ± 5.9 (48-58)
Spicules length–41 ± 7.5 (34-49)–
Gubernaculum length–19.6 ± 3.5 (16-28)–

1 Notes: = Character absent. ? = Measurement unknown. Measurements in μm (except n, ratio, and percentage) and in the form: mean±standard deviation (range).

Figure 1:

Metarhabditis amsactae (Ali, Pervez, Andrabi, Sharma and Verma, 2011) Sudhaus, 2011 (line drawing). A: Anterior region; B: Cephalic region; C: Anterior branch of the female reproductive system; D: Entire female; E: Entire male; F: Female posterior region; G: Male posterior region.

Figure 2:

Metarhabditis amsactae (Ali, Pervez, Andrabi, Sharma and Verma, 2011) Sudhaus, 2011 (light microscopy). A: Anterior region (arrow pointing to the excretory pore); B: Cephalic region; C: Vagina region; D: Female posterior region (black arrow pointing to the anus, white arrow pointing to the phasmid); E: Anterior branch of the female reproductive system (black arrow pointing to the spermatheca); F-J: Male posterior region in lateral (F-I) and ventral (J) views, at spicules (F, H) and bursa (G, I) level (black arrows pointing to the genital papillae, white arrows pointing to the phasmids).

Figure 3:

Metarhabditis amsactae (Ali, Pervez, Andrabi, Sharma and Verma, 2011) Sudhaus, 2011 (scanning electron microscopy). A, B: Cephalic and lip region in sublateral and frontal views, respectively; C, F: Lateral field (arrows pointing to the longitudinal incisures); D, E: Excretory pore (arrow) at ventral and lateral views, respectively; G, H: Vulva in ventral and lateral views, respectively; I: Female anus; J, K: Female posterior region in right lateral and ventral views, respectively (white arrows pointing to the phasmid); L, M; Male posterior region in ventral and lateral views (black arrows pointing to the genital papillae, white arrows pointing to the phasmids).

Table 2.

Compendium of females of Metarhabditis amsactae (Ali, Pervez, Andrabi, Sharma and Verma, 2011) Sudhaus, 2011 populations and its synonyms.

Species M. amsactae M. amsactae M. amsactae as O. ciceri M. amsactae as O. hussainii M. amsactae as O. gingeri M. amsactae M. amsactae as M. longicaudata M. amsactae as M. rainai Metarhabditis sp. as M. amsactae
ReferencePresent study Ali et al. (2011) Shaheen et al. (2011) Shaheen et al. (2011) Pervez et al. (2012) Asif et al. (2013) Tabassum et al. (2019) Tabassum et al. (2019) Tabassum et al. (2019)
CountryIndiaIndiaIndiaIndiaIndiaIndiaPakistanPakistanPakistan
HabitatRhizosphere of sugarcane and groundnutRhizosphere of mungbeanRhizosphere of chickpeaRhizosphere of pigeonpeaRhizosphere of gingerDecaying matterRhizosphere of mango treeDecomposed guava fruitRhizosphere of chicko
L 718-1,135658-786964-1,018902-9891,418-1,813786-9021,366-1,6841,769-2,0781,546-1,694
a 10.9-21.119.7-22.920.1-22.524.4-25.518.5-21.219.2-23.514.0-18.011.7-20.015.0-18.0
b 4.5-6.64.1-4.85.7-5.93.8-4.35.1-5.34.1-5.05.5-7.87.0-8.06.0-8.0
c 8.7-14.08.9-12.110.3-12.910.2-12.712.1-13.29.6-11.212.0-16.012.0-18.013.0-19.0
c′ 2.9-5.24.1-4.63.6-4.33.3-4.84.63.8-4.52.5.-4.44.0-8.03.0-4.0
V 46-5650-5843a 42a 51-6051-5548-5649-5850-54
Lip region width5-117-88-116-88-129-1011-1512a 12a
Stoma length14-2216-1818-1922-2319-2120-2522-2826-3022-26
Corpus length68-9896-11592-10013395-17050a 62-10657a 42a
Isthmus length40-4832-4430-4044-5628-5735-4530a 27a 33a
Bulb length26-3424-3526-3133-4544a 25-3519a 16a 17a
Nerve ring-ant. end98-15399-112111-134170-179178-203110-143154-19076a 95a
Excretory pore-ant. end110-166109-130134-136166-172187-223121-160148-25098a 112a
Pharynx length156-195159-178167-176220-225189-284177-218206-265250-279218-247
Mid-body width43-8132-3939-4632-4075-8926-4078-10892-11188-105
Anal body width16-2816-1720-2819-2325-2819-2225-3312-3030-36
Tail length68-10165-8075-9677-87115-12981-10094-112100-14884-132

1 Notes: aMeasurement obtained from illustrations. All measurements are in µm (except ratio and percentage) and in the form of range.

Table 3.

Compendium of males of Metarhabditis amsactae (Ali, Pervez, Andrabi, Sharma and Verma, 2011) Sudhaus, 2011 populations and its synonyms.

Species M. amsactae M. amsactae M. amsactae as O. cicero M. amsactae as O. hussainii M. amsactae as O. gingeri M. amsactae M. amsactae as M. longicaudata M. amsactae as M. rainai Metarhabditis sp. as M. amsactae
ReferencePresent study Ali et al. (2011) Shaheen et al. (2011) Shaheen et al. (2011) Pervez et al. (2012) Asif et al. (2013) Tabassum et al. (2019) Tabassum et al. (2019) Tabassum et al. (2019)
CountryIndiaIndiaPakistanPakistanIndiaIndiaPakistanPakistanPakistan
HabitatRhizosphere of sugarcane and groundnutRhizosphere of mungbeanRhizosphere of chickpeaRhizosphere of pigeonpeaRhizosphere of gingerDecaying matterRhizosphere of mango treeDescomposed guava fruitRhizosphere of chicko
L 653-999594-804754-973855-889673-821683-8681,154-1,3251,100-1,3921,234-1,498
a 12.7-20.716.6-19.319.4-20.825.0.-28.018.3-24.018.1-21.714.4-19.415.0-24.014.0-20.0
b 3.8-5.94.0-5.05.0-5.63.83-3.894.32-5.34.3-4.55.3-6.64.0-6.06.0-8.0
c 9.8-20.910.7-17.813.6-16.713.9-13.611.5-16.711.5-13.714.9-19.023.0-37.016.0-20.0
c′ 1.5-3.82.6-2.82.1-2.73.22.8-3.12.5-3.02.1-3.71.0-2.02.0-3.0
Lip region width6-107-88-116-87a 9-1011-14??
Stoma length13-2115-171922-2317-1918-2020-2824-2820-24
Corpus length58-7681-109?13471-11272a ???
Isthmus length35-4127-42?44-5621-3827a ???
Bulb length24-3520-36?33-45?23a ???
Nerve ring-ant. end92-12579-108116-136149-17990-114100-127143-185??
Excretory pore-ant. end113-14487-114127-138155-168110-142119-141137-179??
Pharynx length141-175134-169149-172223-228142-187155-190184-256211-256204-236
Midbody width40-6631-4539-4630-3532-3926-4064-6954-8870-98
Anal body width17-2716-2026-3019-2116-1920-2421-4026-3427-32
Tail length49-6241-5555-5861-6543-5958-6762-7632-5666-78
Spicules length (SL)34-4931-3635-4441-4424-2733-3940-4632-6042-60
Gubernaculum length (GL)16-2813-1719-2014-189-1014-2020-3413-2316-22
GL/SL × 10050-6043-4645-5434-403642-5150-744037-38

1 Notes: aMeasurement obtained from illustrations; ? = Measurement unknown. All measurements are in µm (except ratio and percentage) and in the form of range.

Table 4.

Nematode species, GenBank accession number, and origin of the sequences used for phylogenetic study.

GenBank accession number
Speciesa 18S rDNA28S rDNAITS rDNACountryIsolation sourceReference
Ablechroiulus cristatus EU196013EU195976USAUnknownKiontke et al. (2007)
Ablechroiulus dudichi AF083012USAUnknownFitch (unpublished)
Auanema rhodensis EU196004USAUnknownKiontke et al. (2007)
Buetschlinema nidrosiensis EU196020USAUnknownKiontke et al. (2007)
Bursilla belari MK359049IndiaSoilPalanisamy et al. (unpublished)
Bursilla sp.EF990722USAUnknownKiontke et al. (2007)
Caenorhabditis angaria JN636068USARotting fruits Kiontke et al. (2011)
Caenorhabditis elegans Z92784UKUnknown Sulston and Waterston (1998)
Caenorhabditis elegans X03680USAUnknown Ellis et al. (1986)
Caenorhabditis sinica JN636142USARotting fruits Kiontke et al. (2011)
Cephaloboides cf. armatus EU196005USAUnknownKiontke et al. (2007)
Crustorhabditis transita EU195995USAUnknownKiontke et al. (2007)
Cruznema tripartitum U73449Unknown Baldwin et al. (1997)
Diploscapter coronatus AY593921NetherlandsSoilHelder et al. (2006)
Diploscapter sp.EU195959USAUnknownKiontke et al. (2007)
Distolabrellus veechi EF990725USAUnknownKiontke et al. (2007)
Haematozoon subulatum EU040125ChinaSoilLi et al. (unpublished)
Haematozoon subulatum AF083017USAUnknownFitch (unpublished)
Haematozoon subulatum EF990727USAUnknownKiontke et al. (2007)
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora KJ636408NetherlandsUnknownvan Megen (unpublished)
Heterorhabditis downesi KU573061IrelandSoil Maher et al. (2016)
Heterorhabditis megidis KJ636320NetherlandsUnknownvan Megen (unpublished)
Litoditis marina AF083021USAUnknownFitch (unpublished)
Litoditis marina AM399053Belgium Fucus sp. Derycke et al. (2008a)
Litoditis marina AM937053GreeceDecaying seaweeds Derycke et al. (2008b)
Litoditis mediterranea AF083020USAUnknownFitch (unpublished)
Litoditis mediterranea AM399068New ZealandUnknown Derycke et al. (2008a)
Mesorhabditis anisomorpha AF083013USAUnknownFitch (unpublished)
Mesorhabditis anisomorpha EF990723USAUnknownKiontke et al. (2007)
Mesorhabditis longespiculosa EU196014EU195980USAUnknownKiontke et al. (2007)
Metarhabditis amsactae MT872503, MT872504MT872508, MT872509MT873043, MT873044IndiaSoilPresent study
Metarhabditis amsactae MT422254PhilippinesSoilDichusa et al. (unpublished)
Metarhabditis amsactae MT452472, MT452471PhilippinesSoilSangcopan and Sumaya (unpublished)
Metarhabditis amsactae MH392568, KY083045 KP834433, KP834432IndiaSoilChavan et al. (unpublished)
Metarhabditis amsactae MK973071PakistanSoilTabassum et al. (unpublished)
Metarhabditis blumi U13935GermanyUnknown Fitch et al. (1995)
Metarhabditis blumi MT043860PhilippinesSoilAndalan et al. (unpublished)
Metarhabditis blumi MF989442Colombia Bos indicus Chaves et al. (unpublished)
Metarhabditis blumi MT012150PhilippinesSoil compostGuadalquiver (unpublished)
Metarhabditis blumi MN453373IndiaSoilKandhasamy and Muthugounder (unpublished)
Metarhabditis blumi EU195965USAUnknownKiontke et al. (2007)
Metarhabditis blumi KM233152, KM233153BrazilCow Bossi et al. (2015)
Metarhabditis blumi DQ121436South AfricaUnknownJumba and Gray (unpublished)
Metarhabditis rainai MT012135, MT012133PhilippinesSoilKabalu et al. (unpublished)
Metarhabditis rainai MT012153PhilippinesSoilBuldiman et al. (unpublished)
Metarhabditis rainai JQ237848USACitrus groves Campos-Herrera et al. (2012)
Metarhabditis rainai AF083008USAUnknownFitch (unpublished)
Metarhabditis rainai EU195966USAUnknownKiontke et al. (2007)
Metarhabditis rainai KR011843, KR011846BrazilSoil de Brida et al. (2017)
Metarhabditis sp.MK973071PakistanSoilTabassum et al. (unplublished)
Myolaimus byersi KU180665KU180676SwedenUnknown Holovachov et al. (2015)
Oscheius carolinensis FJ547240FJ547239USAVermicompost Ye et al. (2010)
Oscheius chongmingensis EF503692ChinaSoil Zhang et al. (2008)
Oscheius chongmingensis EU273599ChinaSoil Liu et al. (2012)
Oscheius chongmingensis MT548593China Spodoptera frugiperda Li et al. (unpublished)
Oscheius colombianus AY751546Colombia Cyrtomenus bergi Stock et al. (2005)
Oscheius dolichura EU196010USAUnknownKiontke et al. (2007)
Oscheius dolichuroides AF082998USAUnknownFitch (unpublished)
Oscheius dolichuroides EU195970USAUnknownKiontke et al. (2007)
Oscheius guentheri EU196022USAUnknownKiontke et al. (2007)
Oscheius indicus MF441252IndiaSoil Kumar et al. (2019)
Oscheius insectivorus AF083019USAUnknownFitch (unpublished)
Oscheius insectivorus EU195968USAUnknownKiontke et al. (2007)
Oscheius myriophilus AY602176USAUnknown Kiontke et al. (2004)
Oscheius myriophilus MG742117ThailandSoilNitjarunkul et al. (unpublished)
Oscheius myriophilus U13936USASoil Fitch et al. (1995)
Oscheius necromenus KT884894Australia Oncocladosoma castaneum Carta et al. (2018)
Oscheius onirici MG551687PortugalUnknownCampos-Herrera (unpublished)
Oscheius onirici LN613263ItalySoil Torrini et al. (2015)
Oscheius rugaoensis JQ002566ChinaSoil Zhang et al. (2012)
Oscheius rugaoensis KT884891Japan Chamberlinius hualienensis Carta et al. (2018)
Oscheius saproxylicus MK959600MK959601SpainDecaying wood Abolafia and Pena-Santiago (2019b)
Oscheius tipulae EU195969USAUnknownKiontke et al. (2007)
Oscheius tipulae KP792649BrazilSoilCampos-Herrera and Pu˚ža (unpublished)
Parasitorhabditis obtusa EF990724GermanyBark beetlesKiontke et al. (2007)
Parasitorhabditis obtuse EU003189USAUnknownKiontke et al. (2007)
Pellioditis typica AF036946KenyaFeces of an antelope Adams et al. (1998)
Pelodera pseudoteres EU196023EU195997USAUnknownKiontke et al. (2007)
Pelodera teres AF083002USAUnknownFitch (unpublished)
Pelodera teres EU195979USAUnknownKiontke et al. (2007)
Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita DQ639980ScotlandNemaslug MacMillan et al. (2006)
Phasmarhabditis neopapillosa DQ639982Scotland Arion ater MacMillan et al. (2006)
Phasmarhabditis papillosa KX267675South Africa Deroceras reticulatum Pieterse et al. (2017)
Poikilolaimus floridensis AB370214USATermites Kanzaki et al. (2009)
Poikilolaimus oxycercus AF083023USAUnknownFitch (unpublished)
Poikilolaimus oxycercus EU195984USAUnknownKiontke et al. (2007)
Poikilolaimus piniperdae DQ059060GermanyUnknown Hong et al. (2005)
Poikilolaimus regenfussi AF083022USAUnknownFitch (unpublished)
Poikilolaimus regenfussi DQ059057GermanyUnknown Hong et al. (2005)
Protorhabditis sp.AF083001USAUnknownFitch (unpublished)
Protorhabditis sp.AY602168USAUnknownKiontke et al. (2007)
Rhabditella axei U13934GermanyUnknown Fitch et al. (1995)
Rhabditella axei AY602177USAUnknown Kiontke et al. (2004)
Rhabditis brassicae EU196006USAUnknownKiontke et al. (2007)
Rhabditis sp.MN082353, MN082355TaiwanSoil Yang et al. (2020)
Rhabditoides inermis AF082996UnknownFitch (unpublished)
Rhabditoides regina EF990726USAUnknownKiontke et al. (2007)
Rhomborhabditis regina KX385908MexicoWhite grub Jiménez-Cortés et al. (2016)
Teratorhabditis mariannae EF990716EF990721USASoil compost Kanzaki et al. (2008)
Teratorhabditis palmarum U13937USAUnknown Fitch et al. (1995)

1 Note: aSpecies names have been updated according their current nomenclature.

Figure 4:

Bayesian Inference tree from previously and the newly sequenced Metarhabditis amsactae (bold) and other closely related species based on sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) rDNA region. Bayesian posterior probabilities (%) are given for each clade. The scale bar shows the number of substitutions per site.

Figure 5:

Bayesian Inference tree from the newly sequenced Metarhabditis amsactae (bold) and other closely related species based on sequences of the small subunit (18S) of rDNA region. Bayesian posterior probabilities (%) are given for each clade. The scale bar shows the number of substitutions per site.

Figure 6:

Bayesian Inference tree from the newly sequenced Metarhabditis amsactae (bold) and other closely related species based on sequences of the D2/D3 domain of large subunit (28S) of rDNA region. Bayesian posterior probabilities (%) are given for each clade. The scale bar shows the number of substitutions per site.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2020-116 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X
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Language: English
Page range: 1 - 23
Published online: Dec 14, 2020
Published in print: Jan 1, 2020
Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
18S rDNA,
28S rDNA,
ITS rDNA,
Metarhabditis amsactae,
Metarhabditis longicaudata n. syn.,
Molecular analysis,
Morphology,
New synonym,
Taxonomy
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Life sciences, other

© 2020 Aashaq Hussain Bhat, Shreyansh Srivastava, Aasha Rana, Ashok Kumar Chaubey, Ricardo A. R. Machado, Joaquín Abolafia, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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