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Morphological and molecular characterizations of Heterodera oryzae in Korea

Open Access
|Nov 2020

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Morphological characteristics of cyst, vulval cone, and second-stage juvenile of Heterodera sp. (SG936). A-C: Cysts, (A) Lemon-shaped cyst (B) Anterior view (C) Underbridge level view, D-H: Second-stage juveniles (J2), (D) Entire J2 body (E) Stylet (F) Lateral field (G) Pharyngeal region (H) Tail region (black arrow: anus). *Scale bars: A = 100 μm, B = 50 μm, C = 50 μm, D = 100 μm, E = 20 μm, F = 10 μm, G = 50 μm, and H = 50 μm.
Morphological characteristics of cyst, vulval cone, and second-stage juvenile of Heterodera sp. (SG936). A-C: Cysts, (A) Lemon-shaped cyst (B) Anterior view (C) Underbridge level view, D-H: Second-stage juveniles (J2), (D) Entire J2 body (E) Stylet (F) Lateral field (G) Pharyngeal region (H) Tail region (black arrow: anus). *Scale bars: A = 100 μm, B = 50 μm, C = 50 μm, D = 100 μm, E = 20 μm, F = 10 μm, G = 50 μm, and H = 50 μm.

Figure 2:

Morphological characteristics of cyst, vulval cone, and second-stage juvenile of Heterodera sp. (SG153). A-C: Cysts, (A) Lemon-shaped cyst (B) Anterior view (C) Underbridge level view, D-H: Second-stage juveniles (J2), (D) Entire J2 body (E) Stylet (F) Lateral field (G) Pharyngeal region (H) Tail region (black arrow: anus). *Scale bars: A = 100 μm, B = 50 μm, C = 50 μm, D = 100 μm, E = 20 μm, F = 10 μm, G = 50 μm, and H = 50 μm.
Morphological characteristics of cyst, vulval cone, and second-stage juvenile of Heterodera sp. (SG153). A-C: Cysts, (A) Lemon-shaped cyst (B) Anterior view (C) Underbridge level view, D-H: Second-stage juveniles (J2), (D) Entire J2 body (E) Stylet (F) Lateral field (G) Pharyngeal region (H) Tail region (black arrow: anus). *Scale bars: A = 100 μm, B = 50 μm, C = 50 μm, D = 100 μm, E = 20 μm, F = 10 μm, G = 50 μm, and H = 50 μm.

Figure 3:

PCR results for ITS region, 28S D2-D3, and COI gene of SG153 and SG936 nematode populations with their respective universal primers using 100 bp DNA ladder.
PCR results for ITS region, 28S D2-D3, and COI gene of SG153 and SG936 nematode populations with their respective universal primers using 100 bp DNA ladder.

Figure 4:

Phylogenetic relationship between two Heterodera populations (SG936, SG153) with selected representative sequences from many of the world known Heterodera species as inferred from Bayesian analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence dataset. The newly obtained sequences were in bold. Posterior probability values more than 50% are given for appropriate clade.
Phylogenetic relationship between two Heterodera populations (SG936, SG153) with selected representative sequences from many of the world known Heterodera species as inferred from Bayesian analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence dataset. The newly obtained sequences were in bold. Posterior probability values more than 50% are given for appropriate clade.

Figure 5:

Phylogenetic relationship between two Heterodera populations (SG936, SG153) with selected representative sequences from many of the world known Heterodera species as inferred from Bayesian analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I of mitochondrial DNA sequence dataset. The newly obtained sequences were in bold. Posterior probability values more than 50% are given for appropriate clade.
Phylogenetic relationship between two Heterodera populations (SG936, SG153) with selected representative sequences from many of the world known Heterodera species as inferred from Bayesian analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I of mitochondrial DNA sequence dataset. The newly obtained sequences were in bold. Posterior probability values more than 50% are given for appropriate clade.

Nematode samples used in this study_

Population codeCollection dateHost plantCoordinates
SG936July 27, 2016Rice36.902188, 126.661624
SG153August 16, 2017Rice36.901005, 126.671008

Morphometrics of second-stage juveniles and cysts for the Heterodera sp_ of two populations SG153 and SG 936 as compared to H_ oryzae and H_ elachista in previous studies_

PopulationSG936, South Korea, This studySG153, South Korea, This study H. oryzae, Côte d’Ivoire, Nobbs et al. (1992) H. elachista, Japan, Nobbs et al. (1992) H. elachista, Iran, Tanha Maafi et al. (2004)
Cysts (n)1325505039
Length (excl. neck)498.9 ± 96.4 (307.0-617.2)523.3 ± 54.5 (438.9-643.3)714.8 ± 71.5 (442-999)446 ± 30.3 (328-557)431 ± 48 (340-586)
Width429.3 ± 97.3 (251.2-550.1)360.2 ± 47.2 (288.3-447.8)426.6 ± 53.8 (229-655)322.6 ± 26.0 (229-449)311 ± 48 (225-540)
Length/width1.2 ± 0.1 (1.0-1.4)1.5 ± 0.2 (1.3-1.8)1.71 ± 0.12 (1.1-2.3)1.4 ± 0.1 (1.1-1.9)1.4 ± 0.2 (1.1-1.9)
Vulval areas (n)1116101010
Fenestral length36.5 ± 4.7 (28.2-40.9)34.2 ± 4.9 (24.8-43.6)38.8 ± 1.85 (32-46)29.3 ± 2.0 (23.36)40 ± 6.5 (30-50)
Semifenestral width34.8 ± 4.4 (29.3-44.2)35.7 ± 4.4 (25.9-41.0)51.6 ± 5.20 (36-69)32.0 ± 2.5 (26-39)31.2 ± 4.7 (26-42)
Vulval slit length33.1 ± 5.0 (27.6-45.6)34.3 ± 3.8 (27.8-41.3)50.7 ± 4.0 (41-65)37.5 ± 2.8 (26-46)40 ± 3.8 (32-45)
Vulval bridge width9.0 ± 4.5 (4.4-17.9)7.2 ± 3.3 (4.0-15.0)12.14 ± 1.9 (6-16)5.8 ± 2.0 (2-16)
Underbridge length80.1 ± 7.2 (70.8-96.4)83.0 ± 7.9 (63.4-95.3)112.5 ± 9.0 (87-153)72.0 ± 2.9 (65-78)85
Vulva to anus distance34.9 ± 3.0 (30.5-41.6)36.6 ± 5.9 (30.1-50.3)
J2 (n)1111202010
L 450.6 ± 16.6 (414.7-478.6)472.4 ± 19.3 (433.1-495.1)554 ± 9.4 (523-589)402 ± 10.0 (377-450)391 ± 11 (372-410)
a 23.4 ± 0.7 (22.4-24.6)23.3 ± 1.6 (20.1-25.9)34.0 ± 1.03 (30.1-39.3)24.6 ± 0.9 (21.3-28.1)22.5 ± 1.0 (20.8-24)
b
c 6.8 ± 0.3 (6.3-7.4)6.8 ± 0.3 (6.3-7.2)9.4 ± 0.3 (8.6-10.7)7.0 ± 0.4 (5.4-8.4)6.7 ± 0.3 (5.9-7.2)
Stylet (S)21.1 ± 0.5 (20.4-22.4)21.1 ± 0.8 (19.5-22.6)20.5 ± 1.15 (16-25)19.2 ± 0.8 (16-21)20 ± 0.7 (18-21)
Labial region height4.7 ± 0.5 (3.8-5.4)4.7 ± 0.3 (4.3-5.3)3
Labial region diam.9.0 ± 0.7 (7.8-10.1)9.1 ± 0.3 (8.7-9.6)7.8 ± 0.4 (7-8)
DGO7.3 ± 0.7 (6.5-8.4)6.0 ± 0.8 (4.9-7.7)5.2 ± 0.8 (4-7)
Anterior end to
 Excretory pore97.5 ± 4.8 (87.5-103.0)99.3 ± 6.6 (84.8-110.8)84 ± 2.8 (79-88)
 Median bulb valve (MB)65.4 ± 2.7 (62.1-72.6)64.4 ± 2.2 (60.6-68.0)59 ± 3.6 (52-67)
Body diam. at
 Mid-body19.2 ± 0.8 (18.1-20.7)20.4 ± 1.9 (18.2-24.3)16.3 ± 0.43 (15-18)17.4 ± 0.8 (16-19)
 Anus (BDA)12.6 ± 0.9 (11.7-14.5)13.3 ± 0.8 (12.0-14.6)12.3 ± 0.72 (10-15)11.4 ± 0.8 (10-13)10.2 ± 0.6 (9-11)
 Hyaline region (H)36.9 ± 3.2 (29.3-41.0)35.8 ± 3.4 (31.6-42.4)32.8 ± 1.3 (26-44)32 ± 3.0 (25-39)
 Tail length (Tl)66.9 ± 3.8 (60.5-73.4)69.6 ± 4.7 (60.6-78.9)58.8 ± 2.25 (49-66)57.8 ± 2.9 (47-70)
 H/S1.7 ± 0.1 (1.4-1.9)1.7 ± 0.2 (1.4-2.0)1.6 ± 0.11 (1.4-2.2)1.6 ± 0.1 (1.3-1.9)
 L/MB6.9 ± 0.2 (6.6-7.2)7.3 ± 0.3 (6.9-8.1)6.7 ± 0.4 (5.6-7.4)
 Tl/H1.8 ± 0.2 (1.6-2.5)2.0 ± 0.1 (1.7-2.2)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2020-113 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 12
Published on: Nov 6, 2020
Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 times per year

© 2020 Rose Mwesige, Eun-Hwa Kim, Eun-Hyung Park, Hyoung-Rai Ko, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.