Intraspecific variation in phenotypic and phylogenetic features among Pratylenchus penetrans isolates from Wisconsin, USA

Information for origin and hosts of the Pratylenchus penetrans isolates and populations used for this study, COI haplotype group assigned in this study, and GenBank accession numbers for D2/D3 expansion region of 28S and COI sequences.

				GenBank Accession number
Locality	Specimen name	Planted crop	Haplotype group	COI	D2/D3 of 28S rRNA
USA, Wisconsin, Brown Co.	Brown-a	corn	Pp1	MT527067	MT528159
USA, Wisconsin, Buffalo Co.	Buffalo-a	soybean	Pp1	MN453207	MN251253
USA, Wisconsin, Calumet Co.	Calumet-a	soybean	Pp1	MN453210	MN251255
USA, Wisconsin, Chippewa Co.	Chippewa2-a	soybean	Pp1	MN453213	MN251258
USA, Wisconsin, Columbia Co.	Columbia1-a	corn	Pp1	MT527044	MT528189
USA, Wisconsin, Columbia Co.	Columbia3-a	corn	Pp1	MT527077	MT528192
USA, Wisconsin, Crawford Co.	Crawford-b	–	Pp1	MT527055	MT528196
USA, Wisconsin, Dunn Co.	Dunn1-b	soybean	Pp1	MT527024	MT528199
USA, Wisconsin, Eau Claire Co.	Eau Claire1-a	soybean	Pp1	MT527073	MT528203
USA, Wisconsin, Eau Claire Co.	Eau Claire2-a	soybean	Pp1	MT527059	MT528205
USA, Wisconsin, Grant Co.	Grant-a	soybean	Pp1	MN453211	MN251256
USA, Wisconsin, Iowa Co.	Iowa-a	soybean	Pp1	MN453217	MN251263
USA, Wisconsin, Jackson Co.	Jackson1-a	soybean	Pp1	MT527038	MT528171
USA, Wisconsin, Jackson Co.	Jackson2-a	soybean	Pp1	MT527053	MT528208
USA, Wisconsin, Jefferson Co.	Jefferson2-a	soybean	Pp1	MT527015	MT528173
USA, Wisconsin, Jefferson Co.	Jefferson3-a	corn	Pp1	MT527085	MT528210
USA, Wisconsin, Juneau Co.	Juneau1-a	–	Pp1	MT527037	MT528175
USA, Wisconsin, Manitowoc Co.	Manitowoc-a	corn	Pp1	MT527045	MT528215
USA, Wisconsin, Marathon Co.	Marathon1-a	soybean	Pp1	MN453215	MN251261
USA, Wisconsin, Marathon Co.	Marathon3-a	–	Pp1	MT527035	MT528176
USA, Wisconsin, Marquette Co.	Marquette1-a	soybean	Pp1	MN453214	MN251259
USA, Wisconsin, Marquette Co.	Marquette2-a	corn	Pp1	MT527090	MT528216
USA, Wisconsin, Monroe Co.	Monroe-b	–	Pp1	MT527019	MT528178
USA, Wisconsin, Outagamie Co.	Outagamie1-a	soybean	Pp1	MT527089	MT528219
USA, Wisconsin, Outagamie Co.	Outagamie2-a	soybean	Pp1	MT527070	MT528220
USA, Wisconsin, Pierce Co.	Pierce-a	soybean	Pp1	MT527042	MT528222
USA, Wisconsin, Portage Co.	Portage3-a	soybean	Pp1	MT527074	MT528223
USA, Wisconsin, Portage Co.	Portage4-b	–	Pp1	MT527021	MT528182
USA, Wisconsin, Sauk Co.	Sauk-a	soybean	Pp1	MT527048	MT528227
USA, Wisconsin, Sawyer Co.	Sawyer-a	soybean	Pp1	MT527064	MT528230
USA, Wisconsin, Vernon Co.	Vernon-a	soybean	Pp1	MT527050	MT528232
USA, Wisconsin, Waushara Co.	Waushara-c	kidney beans	Pp1	MT527017	MT528188
USA, Nebraska, Otoe Co.	–	apple	Pp1	MK877987^b	–
USA, Nebraska, Phelps Co.	–	corn	Pp1	MK877993^b	–
Japan, Chiba	CA193^a	wild carrot	Pp1	KY817024^a	EU130857^c
The Netherlands, Zoetermeer	T181^a	grasses	Pp1	KY817007^a
Colombia, San Vicente	T666^a	cape gooseberry	Pp1	KY816982^a	KY828351^a
Colombia, San Vicente	T677^a	cape gooseberry	Pp1	KY816981^a	KY828350^a
Colombia, San Vicente	T678^a	cape gooseberry	Pp1	KY816980^a	KY828349^a
Colombia, San Vicente	T679^a	cape gooseberry	Pp1	KY816979^a
The Netherlands, Wemeldinge	T725^a	sweet cherry	Pp1	KY816949^a
The Netherlands, Nagele	V3F^a	apple	Pp1	KY916940^a	KY828346^a
The Netherlands , Meijel	V4B^a	apple	Pp1	KY816939^a	KY828345^a
The Netherlands, Wemeldinge	V8A^a	apple	Pp1	KY816936^a	KY828342^a
USA, Wisconsin, Marathon Co.	Marathon2-a	soybean	Pp2	MN453219	MN251265
Japan, Aichi	CA85^a	wild cabbage	Pp3	KY817021^a	EU130860^c
USA, Wisconsin, Clark Co.	Clark-b	corn	Pp4	MT527033	MT528161
USA, Wisconsin, Marquette Co.	Marquette3-a	soybean	Pp4	MT527079	MT528218
USA, Wisconsin, Outagamie Co.	Outagamie2-b	soybean	Pp4	MT527071	MT528221
USA, Alaska	–	peony	Pp4	MK877984^b	–
The Netherlands, Stramproy	T716^a	sweet cherry	Pp5	KY816958^a
USA, Wisconsin, Monroe Co.	Monroe-a	–	Pp6	MT527018	MT528177
USA, Wisconsin, Portage Co.	Portage2-a	soybean	Pp6	MN453205	MN251267
USA, Minnesota	–	corn	Pp6	MK877982^b	–
The Netherlands, Stramproy	T715^a	sweet cherry	Pp6	KY816959^a
USA, Wisconsin, Clark Co.	Clark-c	corn	Pp7	MT527033	MT528161
USA, Wisconsin, Dunn Co.	Dunn2-a	soybean	Pp7	MT527054	MT528202
USA, Wisconsin, Racine Co.	Racine-a	soybean	Pp7	MT527062	MT528224
The Netherlands, Meijel	V1B^a	apple	Pp7	KY816942^a	KY828348^a
USA, Wisconsin, Adams Co.	Adams-a	–	Pp8	MT527029	MT528157
USA, Wisconsin, Portage Co.	Portage1-a	soybean	Pp8	MN453204	MN251266
Rwanda, Nyakirbia	T172^a	pear	Pp8	KY817009^a	KY828356^a
The Netherlands, Apeldorn	T293^a	pear	Pp8	KY816992^a	KY828353^a
The Netherlands, Sambeek	T686^a	apple	Pp8	KY816976^a
The Netherlands, Sambeek	T687^a	apple	Pp8	KY816975^a
The Netherlands, Schimmert	T699^a	plum	Pp8	KY816972^a
The Netherlands, Kloetinge	T723^a	sweet cherry	Pp9	KY816951^a
USA, Wisconsin, Clark Co.	Clark-a	corn	Pp10	MT527034	MT528160
USA, Wisconsin, Columbia Co.	Columbia2-a	soybean	Pp10	MT527078	MT528191
USA, Wisconsin, Crawford Co.	Crawford-a	–	Pp10	MT527056	MT528195
USA, Wisconsin, Dodge Co.	Dodge1-a	soybean	Pp10	MT527025	MT528162
USA, Wisconsin, Dodge Co.	Dodge2-a	soybean	Pp10	MT527041	MT528163
USA, Wisconsin, Dodge Co.	Dodge2-b	soybean	Pp10	MT527080	MT528164
USA, Wisconsin, Eau Claire Co.	Eau Claire2-b	soybean	Pp10	MT527058	MT528206
USA, Wisconsin, Fond du Lac Co.	Fond du Lac-a	wheat	Pp10	MT527084	MT528165
USA, Wisconsin, Green Co.	Green-a	–	Pp10	MT527032	MT528169
USA, Wisconsin, Jackson Co.	Jackson1-b	soybean	Pp10	MT527039	MT528170
USA, Wisconsin, Jefferson Co.	Jefferson1-a	corn	Pp10	MT527040	MT528172
USA, Wisconsin, Jefferson Co.	Jefferson2-b	soybean	Pp10	MT527026	MT528174
USA, Wisconsin, Juneau Co.	Juneau2-a	soybean	Pp10	MT527087	MT528212
USA, Wisconsin, Monroe Co.	Monroe-c	–	Pp10	MT527051	MT528179
USA, Wisconsin, Portage Co.	Portage4-a	–	Pp10	MT527020	MT528183
USA, Wisconsin, Sauk Co.	Sauk-b	soybean	Pp10	MT527047	MT528228
USA, Wisconsin, Trempeleau Co.	Trempeleau-a	–	Pp10	MT527028	MT528185
USA, Wisconsin, Waushara Co.	Waushara-b	kidney beans	Pp10	MT527036	MT528187
USA, Wisconsin, Wood Co.	Wood-a	soybean	Pp10	MN453208	MN251254
USA, Idaho	–	potato	Pp10	MK877988^b	–
USA, Wisconsin, Waushara Co.	Waushara-a	kidney beans	Pp11	MT527016	MT528186
USA, Wisconsin, Sheboygan Co.	Sheboygan-a	soybean	Pp12	MN453212	MN251257
USA, Wisconsin, Chippewa Co.	Chippewa1-a	soybean	Pp13	MN453206	MN251252
USA, Wisconsin, Dunn Co.	Dunn1-a	soybean	Pp14	MT527082	MT528200
USA, California, Stanislaus Co.	CA91^a	cowpea	Pp14	KY817023^a	EU130862^c
USA, Wisconsin, Dane Co.	Dane-b	soybean	Pp15	MT527068	MT528198
France, Britany	CA192^a	apple	Pp15	KY817022^a	KY828242^a
Ethiopia, Shashamane	T225^a	corn	Pp15	KY817001^a	KY828354^a
The Netherlands, Hei en Boeicop	T296^a	pear	Pp15	KY816990^a	–
The Netherlands, Vredepeel	T44^a	wild carrot	Pp15	KY817020^a	KY828359^a
The Nethelands, Schimmert	T697^a	plum	Pp15	KY816974^a	–
The Netherlands, Kloetinge	T720^a	sweet cherry	Pp15	KY816954	–
The Netherlands, St. Oedenrode	T730^a	grape vine	Pp15	KY816944^a	–
The Netherlands, Baarlo	V3A^a	apple	Pp15	KY816941^a	KY828347^a
The Netherlands, Wemeldinge	T726^a	sweet cherry	Pp16	KY816948^a
USA, Wisconsin, Adams Co.	Adams-b	–	Pp17	MT527066	MT528158
USA, Wisconsin, Sawyer Co.	Sawyer-b	soybean	Pp17	MT527065	MT528229
USA, Wisconsin, Columbia Co.	Columbia1-b	corn	Pp18	MT527043	MT528190
The Netherlands, Stramproy	T714^a	sweet cherry	Pp18	KY816960^a	–
The Netherlands, Stramproy	T713^a	sweet cherry	Pp19	KY816961^a	–
USA, Wisconsin, Dane Co.	Dane-a	soybean	Pp20	MT527069	MT528197
USA, Wisconsin, Marquette Co.	Marquette2-b	corn	Pp20	MT527091	MT528217
Rwanda, Nyakirbia	T143^a	onion	Pp20	KY817013^a	KY828357^a
Rwanda, Nyakiriba	T144^a	onion	Pp20	KY817012^a
Rwanda, Nyakiriba	T145^a	onion	Pp20	KY817011^a
The Netherlands, Arkel	T184^a	pear	Pp20	KY817005^a
Rwanda, Bushoki	T200^a	potato	Pp20	KY817004^a	KY828355^a
The Netherlands, Hei en Boeicop	T295^a	pear	Pp20	KY816991^a	KY828352^a
The Nethelands, Schimmert	T698^a	plum	Pp20	KY816973^a
The Netherlands, Kloetinge	T721^a	sweet cherry	Pp20	KY816953^a
The Netherlands, Wemeldinge	T724^a	sweet cherry	Pp20	KY816950
The Nethelands, Zoetermeer	T132^a	grasses	Pp21	KY817015^a	KY828358^a
The Netherlands, Kloetinge	T722^a	sweet cherry	Pp21	KY816952

1 Notes: The Wisconsin isolates used for phenotypic and phylogenetic studies are in italic. ^a Janssen et al. (2017); ^b Ozbayrak et al. (2019); ^cSubbotin et al. (2008).

Map of Wisconsin, USA, marked with circles that represent the number of isolates and field populations sampled for haplotype network analysis per county.

Table 1.

Mean and range of morphometrics and morphological features of Pratylenchus penetrans isolates from Portage, Marathon, and Chippewa counties in Wisconsin.

	Portage 1	Portage 2	Marathon 1	Marathon 2	Chippewa 1	Chippewa 2
L ^a	675 (602-832)	637 (544-748)	595 (513-682)	628 (507-702)	594.8 (494-694)	630 (564-704)
V%	80.3 (77.5-82.5)	79.0 (75.0-82.0)	78.8 (75.6-81.1)	80.9 (78.9-86.6)	80.2 (77.3-81.9)	80.7 (78.5-82.3)
a	26.4 (22.1-33.2)	27.9 (24.8-32.0)	25.9 (19.9-30.3)	23.6 (20.2-25.7)	26.1 (20.6-28.7)	23.0 (18.4-28.2)
b	5.62 (4.37-6.74)	6.11 (5.11-7.53)	5.69 (4.81-6.93)	6.09 (5.14-7.20)	5.18 (4.15-5.18)	5.43 (4.89-6.00)
c	18.7 (15.1-23.1)	21.4 (17.3-26.7)	19.2 (16.3-24.8)	19.8 (14.4-31.2)	18.8 (15.4-24.2)	20.4 (16.4-22.8)
b′	4.86 (3.89-5.63)	5.33 (4.39-8.76)	4.81 (4.17-5.78)	5.15 (4.34-6.09)	4.39 (3.64-5.31)	4.68 (4.26-5.10)
c′	2.44 (1.93-3.06)	2.39 (1.99-2.88)	2.43 (1.67-2.94)	2.09 (1.42-2.86)	1.67 (1.24-2.90)	1.97 (1.71-2.31)
Maximum body width	25.8 (21.3-29.4)	22.9 (19.3-27.5)	23.2 (19.0-29.3)	26.7 (21.4-33.9)	22.7 (19.1-27.0)	27.7 (21.0-33.7)
Esophageal length	121 (102-142)	103 (72-128)	105 (91-125)	104 (83-121)	116 (102-133)	116 (97-138)
Head end to posterior gland	140 (122-160)	121 (84-145)	124 (109-144)	123 (101-141)	134 (120-152)	135 (115-157)
Anterior end to excretory pore	97 (80-108)	92 (67-106)	91 (77-101)	90 (81-98)	89 (80-99)	93 (84-112)
Lip region height	2.47 (2.07-3.10)	2.89 (2.4-4.07)	2.41 (1.87-2.92)	2.62 (2.09-3.15)	2.44 (1.94-3.43)	2.36 (2.04-2.77)
Stylet	14.8 (13.9-16.2)	14.3 (13.4-15.4)	15.5 (14.1-17.5)	14.8 (13.3-16.3)	16.8 (15.3-17.9)	15.3 (13.9-16.4)
DGO	2.67 (2.13-3.51)	2.93 (2.26-3.87)	2.92 (2.08-3.54)	2.46 (1.75-3.48)	2.73 (2.15-3.71)	2.61 (1.89-3.42)
Body width at vulva	22.2 (17.6-25.9)	20.0 (17.0-22.5)	20.2 (17.8-22.4)	23.6 (17.9-28.4)	20.2 (17.9-25.1)	23.4 (18.9-27.9)
PUS	18.5 (15.1-22.4)	14.4 (9.4-21.7)	16.4 (12.1-21.8)	16.5 (12.4-20.8)	21.4 (14.1-35.0)	18.3 (14.2-24.1)
Body width at anus	15.05 (13.5-17.0)	14.6 (12.7-16.9)	13.8 (12.2-15.3)	15.7 (12.8-18.3)	14.1 (12.5-16.5)	15.9 (13.1-19.8)
Tail length	36.6 (30.8-52.2)	34.8 (28.6-40.6)	33.5 (20.3-44.0)	35.6 (22.3-41.8)	31.7 (22.9-42.0)	31.2 (27.0-45.5)
Vulva to anus distance	95 (79-119)	94 (74-114)	91 (81-105)	89 (63-108)	87 (67-110)	91(79-107)
Lateral incisures	4 with striation	4	4	4	4 with striation	4
Labial annules	3	3	3	3	3	3
Tail tip^b	SMO	SMO	SMO	SMO	SMO	SMO
Tail shape^c	SHM	SHM	SHM	SHM	SHM	SHM
Spermatheca	Round	Round	Round	Round	Round	Round
Spicule	14.3 (11.7-17.5)	14.8 (12.0-16.6)	15.3 (12.4-17.2)	14.7 (11.7-18.2)	16.1 (13.2-19.6)	15.6 (10.9-19.2)
Gubernaculum	4.09 (2.71-5.71)	3.92 (2.94-5.67)	4.86 (3.87-5.99)	3.62 (3.02-4.22)	4.49 (3.50-5.94)	3.56 (2.43-4.95)

1 Notes: ^a L = total body length; V% = vulva% from the anterior end; a = L/maximum body width; b = L/esophageal length; c = L/tail length; b′ = L/anterior end to end of esophageal gland; c′ = tail length/body width at anus; ^bSMO = smooth; after Federick and Tarjan (1989); ^cSHM = subhemisphericacl; after Federick and Tarjan (1989).

Table 2.

Mean and range of morphometrics and morphological features of the Pratylenchus penetrans isolates from Calumet, Sheboygan, Wood, Marquette, Buffalo, Grant, and Iowa counties in Wisconsin.

	Calumet	Sheboygan	Wood	Marquette 1	Buffalo	Grant	Iowa
L ^a	603 (497-844)	624 (556-728)	605 (541-717)	603 (518-749)	548 (465-608)	588 (495-704)	701 (631-818)
V%	79.9 (76.0-82.4)	79.7 (77.6-81.7)	79.2 (74.8-81.0)	80.0 (77.3-81.8)	80.9 (78.2-83.9)	80.8 (78.3-85.2)	79.7 (77.4-81.9)
a	28.7 (24.2-38.5)	28.1 (25.0-30.4)	26.2 (20.9-30.3)	24.6 (20.7-29.5)	25.7 (22.7-29.2)	28.2 (22.6-31.9)	24.1 (21.1-27.7)
b	5.39 (4.44-6.11)	5.69 (4.77-7.10)	5.33 (4.59-6.38)	5.68 (4.42-7.22)	5.20 (4.46-6.21)	5.12 (4.34-6.11)	6.44 (5.36-7.56)
c	18.8 (13.9-23.7)	20.9 (16.1-33.2)	23.0 (19.2-31.0)	20.1 (16.0-24.8)	24.7 (19.4-30.5)	20.9 (15.2-31.2)	20.3 (17.7-29.1)
b′	4.62 (3.82-5.26)	4.85 (4.20-5.88)	4.58 (4.08-5.38)	4.83 (3.87-5.90)	4.43 (3.78-5.36)	4.40 (3.81-5.23)	5.47 (4.65-6.31)
c′	2.57 (2.02-3.29)	2.20 (1.43-2.77)	2.26 (1.79-3.16)	2.01 (1.66-2.67)	1.96 (1.62-2.40)	2.27 (1.61-3.15)	2.16 (1.82-2.62)
Maximum body width	21.0 (19.4-24.9)	22.3 (20.4-28.6)	23.2 (20.1-32.4)	24.6 (19.2-30.6)	21.3 (19.4-23.4)	20.9 (18.0-27.3)	29.2 (24.9-34.8)
Esophageal length	112 (92-138)	110 (87-134)	114 (109-154)	107 (88-137)	106 (89-116)	116 (95-131)	109 (86-128)
Head end to posterior gland	131 (108-160)	129 (106-152)	132 (109-154)	126 (107-155)	124 (109-134)	134 (114-149)	129 (104-148)
Anterior end to excretory pore	94 (85-117)	92 (79-102)	90 (81-101)	86 (75-110)	87 (77-95)	88 (78-100)	95 (84-110)
Lip region height	3.17 (2.24-3.87)	3.02 (2.39-3.88)	3.02 (2.17-3.89)	2.37 (1.87-2.99)	3.04 (2.42-3.51)	3.29 (2.56-3.96)	2.43 (1.69-3.08)
Stylet	14.8 (13.8-17.7)	15.3 (14.3-16.6)	14.9 (13.6-16.6)	15.8 (14.6-17.7)	14.8 (14.0-15.9)	14.9 (13.9-15.8)	15.9 (14.8-17.4)
DGO	3.09 (2.39-4.45)	2.98 (2.21-3.88)	2.79 (2.18-3.46)	2.63 (1.77-3.32)	2.92 (2.30-3.59)	2.85 (2.11-3.57)	2.49 (1.88-3.06)
Body width at vulva	19.6 (17.4-22.5)	19.7 (17.5-24.3)	20.6 (16.7-28.9)	21.4 (16.7-25.0)	18.9 (16.4-21.6)	18.5 (15.8-22.9)	25.6 (23.0-29.2)
PUS	21.9 (11.8-35.2)	15.5 (9.2-21.0)	16.7 (11.7-16.4)	22.0 (16.3-34.9)	16.4 (11.1-23.3)	15.3 (11.3-22.5)	19.8 (13.9-28.5)
Body width at anus	12.6 (11.1-14.2)	14.0 (12.1-17.5)	14.3 (11.7-16.4)	15.1 (11.3-17.5)	13.5 (11.3-15.3)	12.8 (9.5-16.0)	16.2 (11.8-17.8)
Tail length	32.4 (26.1-44.7)	30.8 (19.4-42.6)	32.1 (27.5-42.7)	30.3 (23.1-40.3)	26.4 (21.5-31.9)	28.9 (20.2-37.9)	34.9 (25.5-43.2)
Vulva to anus distance	91 (62-124)	96.51 (86-121)	94 (75-119)	89 (73-109)	79 (65-105)	84 (65-113)	107 (90-131)
Lateral incisures	4	4 with striation	4 with striation	4	4 with striation	4 with striation	4 with striation
Labial annules	3	3	3	3	3	3	3
Tail tip^b	SMO	SMO, ANN	SMO	SMO	SMO, CFT	SMO, ANN	SMO
Tail shape^c	SHM, TRC, CLA	SHM, SBD, CLA	SHM	SHM	SHM, TRC, CLA	SHM, TRC	SHM
Spermatheca	Round	Round	Round	Round	Round	Round	Round
Spicule	16.2 (12.3-20.1)	15.4 (12.1-20.0)	14.4 (11.7-17.9)	14.9 (13.1-17.3)	15.3 (11.0-18.5)	15.4 (12.8-18.7)	15.2 (13.0-17.5)
Gubernaculum	3.87 (2.69-4.88)	3.98 (2.74-5.18)	3.99 (2.96-5.59)	3.75 (3.27-4.09)	3.56 (2.58-5.73)	3.60 (2.74-4.28)	4.17 (3.65-4.47)

1 Notes: ^a L = total body length; V% = vulva% from the anterior end; a = L/maximum body width; b = L/esophageal length; c = L/tail length; b′ = L/anterior end to end of esophageal gland; c′ = tail length/body width at annus; ^bSMO = smooth, CFT = cleft, ANN = annulated; after Federick and Tarjan (1989); ^cSHM = subhemispherical, TRC = truncate, CLA = clavate, SBD = subdigitate; after Federick and Tarjan (1989).

Four clusters of the Wisconsin *Pratylenchus penetrans* isolates based on morphological characters analyzed by Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC). The scale represents the Euclidean distance in canonical space.

Scatter plot of the clusters of Wisconsin isolates chosen by Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC) of morphological characters displayed using canonical variates 1 and 2 (A), canonical variates 2 and 3 (B), and canonical variates 1 and 3 (C).

Table 4.

Pairwise distance (percent similarity) for CO1 mtDNA between 13 P. penetrans isolates from Wisconsin.

Population	Portage 1	Portage 2	Marathon 1	Marathon 2	Chippewa 1	Chippewa 2	Calumet	Sheboygan	Wood	Marquette	Buffalo	Grant
% similarity on COI sequences
Portage 1
Portage 2	99.5
Marathon 1	94.5	95.0
Marathon 2	94.2	94.8	99.8
Chippewa 1	95.0	95.0	95.5	95.5
Chippewa 2	94.5	95.0	100.0	100.0	95.5
Calumet	94.5	95.0	100.0	100.0	95.5	100.0
Sheboygan	95.0	95.0	95.5	95.5	99.5	95.5	95.5
Wood	95.5	95.5	96.5	96.5	98.5	96.5	96.5	98.5
Marquette	94.5	95.0	100.0	100.0	95.5	100.0	100.0	95.5	96.5
Buffalo	94.5	95.0	100.0	100.0	95.5	100.0	100.0	95.5	96.5	100.0
Grant	94.5	95.0	100.0	100.0	95.5	100.0	100.0	95.5	96.5	100.0	100.0
Iowa	94.5	95.0	100.0	100.0	95.5	100.0	100.0	95.5	97.6	100.0	100.0	99.9

COI (mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) haplotype network of *Pratylenchus penetrans* using TCS network. Circle size and hash marks between haplotypes represent numbers of specimens included in each haplotype and mutations, respectively. Geographical location of the population is designated by color. Median vectors are shown as black circles.

Maximum likelihood tree of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences to infer evolutionary relationship of the Wisconsin *Pratylenchus penetrans* populations. Bootstrap values below 75 were omitted from the nodes. Haplotypes are labeled and also designated by the vertical red bar. Information about the haplotypes appears in Table 3.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2020-102 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X

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Language: English

Page range: 1 - 17

Published online: Nov 24, 2020

Published in print: Jan 1, 2020

Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

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© 2020 Kanan Saikai, Ann E. MacGuidwin, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 52 (2020): Issue 1 (January 2020)

Intraspecific variation in phenotypic and phylogenetic features among Pratylenchus penetrans isolates from Wisconsin, USA

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Table 1.

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Table 4.

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