Table 1.
Reproductive factor (Rf) and gall ratings of Meloidogyne arenaria, M. enterolobii, M. floridensis, M. hapla, M. incognita, and M. javanica on yellow and purple nutsedges, coffee senna, and a known susceptible host ‘AgriSet 334’ tomato in two trials of a greenhouse experiment 84 days after plants were inoculated with 5,000 eggs and second–stage juveniles.
| Nematode sp. | Y. nutsedge | P. nutsedge | C. senna | Tomato | Y. nutsedge | P. nutsedge | C. senna | Tomato |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rf | Gall index (0-5) | |||||||
| Trial 1 | ||||||||
| M. arenaria | 2.82 c BC1 | 4.76 b A | 0.00 d B | 7.75 a A | 0.00 b B | 0.00 b A | 0.00 b C | 5.00 a A |
| M. enterolobii | 3.93 b B | 1.47 c B | 1.89 c A | 6.88 a A | 0.00 b B | 0.00 b A | 4.60 a A | 5.00 a A |
| M. floridensis | 5.27 ab A | 3.69 b A | 0.00 c B | 6.66 a A | 0.00 b B | 0.00 b A | 0.00 b C | 5.00 a A |
| M. hapla | – | 1.57 b B | 0.00 c B | 2.90 a B | – | 0.00 b A | 0.00 b C | 5.00 a A |
| M. incognita | 2.40 b C | 1.61 b B | 0.08 c B | 6.73 a A | 0.00 c B | 0.00 c A | 4.00 b B | 5.00 a A |
| M. javanica | 2.11 b C | 1.72 b B | 0.00 c B | 8.24 a A | 3.00 b A | 0.00 c A | 0.00 c C | 5.00 a A |
| Trial 2 | ||||||||
| M. arenaria | 3.10 c C | 6.75 b A | 0.00 d B | 49.30 a A | 0.00 b B | 0.00 b A | 0.00 b C | 5.00 a A |
| M. enterolobii | 5.95 b B | 1.83 c B | 1.77 c A | 24.20 a C | 0.00 c B | 0.00 c A | 4.40 b A | 5.00 a A |
| M. floridensis | 8.93 b A | 6.06 b A | 0.00 c B | 35.99 a B | 0.00 b B | 0.00 b A | 0.00 b C | 5.00 a A |
| M. hapla | 6.83 a AB | 1.59 b B | 0.00 b B | 7.80 a E | 0.80 b B | 0.00 c A | 0.00 c C | 5.00 a A |
| M. incognita | 5.46 b B | 1.44 c B | 0.07 c B | 15.45 a D | 0.00 c B | 0.00 c A | 3.00 b B | 5.00 a A |
| M. javanica | 8.97 b A | 2.28 c B | 0.00 c B | 32.05 a B | 1.80 b A | 0.00 c A | 0.00 c C | 5.00 a A |
1 Notes: 1Data are means of five replications except in the M. hapla treatment of trial 1 where all plants died in the yellow nutsedge pots and three out of five plants died in the purple nutsedge pots. Treatment means within the same row of each parameter with common lower case letters are not different according to Duncan’s multiple-range test (P ≤ 0.05). Treatment means within the same column in the same trial with common upper case letters are not different according to Duncan’s multiple-range test (P ≤ 0.05).
Figure 1:
Galling of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) roots induced by Meloidogyne javanica.
Figure 2:
Galling of coffee senna (Senna occidentalis) roots induced by Meloidogyne enterolobii.
Table 2.
Meloidogyne graminis second-stage juveniles (J2) and males per gram of root, per gram of tuber, and reproductive factor (Rf) on yellow nutsedge and purple nutsedge, and the susceptible host ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass in a greenhouse experiment 150 days after plants were inoculated with 4,000 J2.
| Host | J2/g root | Males/g root | J2/g tuber | Males/g tuber | Rfa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yellow nutsedge | 26bb | <1b | 1b | <1b | 0.35b |
| Purple nutsedge | 240b | <1b | 5a | <1a | 2.48a |
| Bermudagrass | 509a | 24a | – | – | 3.64a |
1 Notes: aRf is based on number of J2/pot recovered after incubation of the total root system in a mist chamber for 72 hr; bData from two trials are combined for analysis. Treatment means within the same column followed by common letters are not different according to Duncan’s multiple-range test (P ≤ 0.05).
Figure 3:
Galling of purple nutsedge (Cyperus. rotundus) roots induced by Meloidogyne graminis.
Table 3.
Number of Belonolaimus longicaudatus extracted from soil collected from pots containing yellow nutsedge and purple nutsedge, and the known susceptible host ‘FX-313’ St. Augustinegrass, and the reproductive factor (Rf) in two trials of a greenhouse experiment 180 days after being inoculated with 120 mixed-life stages of B. longicaudatus per pot.
| Trial 1a | Trial 2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Host | Nematodes/pot | Rf | Nematodes/pot | Rf |
| Yellow nutsedge | 21ab | 0.16a | 228a | 1.90a |
| Purple nutsedge | 23a | 0.19a | 375a | 3.12a |
| St. Augustinegrass | 25a | 0.21a | 389a | 3.24a |
1 Notes: aTrial 1, nematodes were extracted from soil using a sieving and incubation method. Trial 2, nematodes were extracted using a centrifugal-flotation method. bData are means of five replications. Treatment means within the same column followed by common letters are not different according to Duncan’s multiple-range test (P ≤ 0.05).