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Isolation, identification, and pathogenicity of Steinernema carpocapsae and its bacterial symbiont in Cauca-Colombia Cover

Isolation, identification, and pathogenicity of Steinernema carpocapsae and its bacterial symbiont in Cauca-Colombia

Journal of Nematology
Volume 52 (2020): Issue 1 (January 2020)
By: Esteban Neira-Monsalve,  Natalia Carolina Wilches-Ramírez,  Wilson Terán,  María del Pilar Márquez,  Ana Teresa Mosquera-Espinosa and  Adriana Sáenz-Aponte  
Open Access
|Aug 2020

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Phylogenetic tree of S. carpocapsae BPS. A. Phylogenetic relationships from the 18S marker. B. Phylogenetic relationships from concatenated ITS and 28S markers. The relationships were inferred by maximum likelihood estimation for the 18S marker while UPGMA was used for the concatenated markers. Caenorhabditis. elegans was used as an outgroup. The numbers on the nodes indicate the bootstrap values (1,000 replications).
Phylogenetic tree of S. carpocapsae BPS. A. Phylogenetic relationships from the 18S marker. B. Phylogenetic relationships from concatenated ITS and 28S markers. The relationships were inferred by maximum likelihood estimation for the 18S marker while UPGMA was used for the concatenated markers. Caenorhabditis. elegans was used as an outgroup. The numbers on the nodes indicate the bootstrap values (1,000 replications).

Figure 2:

Susceptibility of two Hass avocado (P. americana) pest insects to S. carpocapsae BPS and S. carpocapsae FA2015. A. E. cucumeris. B. P. cinereus.
Susceptibility of two Hass avocado (P. americana) pest insects to S. carpocapsae BPS and S. carpocapsae FA2015. A. E. cucumeris. B. P. cinereus.

Figure 3:

Microscopic and macroscopic morphological characteristics of the bacterial symbiont, Xenorhabdus nematophila BPS. A. Gram stain, 100X. B. Colonies on NBTA agar. C. Colony on MacConkey agar. D. Isolate of bacterial symbiont on blood agar, view from the back of the box. The bar measures 0.5 cm.
Microscopic and macroscopic morphological characteristics of the bacterial symbiont, Xenorhabdus nematophila BPS. A. Gram stain, 100X. B. Colonies on NBTA agar. C. Colony on MacConkey agar. D. Isolate of bacterial symbiont on blood agar, view from the back of the box. The bar measures 0.5 cm.

Figure 4:

Phylogenetic tree of the bacterial symbiont Xenorhabdus nematophila BPS. A. Phylogenetic relationships from the 16S marker. B. Phylogenetic relationships from concatenation of dnaN, recA, gltX, and rplB markers. The relationships were inferred by maximum likelihood estimation. Morganella morganii subsp. morganii was used as an outgroup for 16S, while Proteus mirabilis and Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. laumondii were used for concatenated markers. The numbers on the nodes indicate the bootstrap values (≥ 50%) (100 replicates).
Phylogenetic tree of the bacterial symbiont Xenorhabdus nematophila BPS. A. Phylogenetic relationships from the 16S marker. B. Phylogenetic relationships from concatenation of dnaN, recA, gltX, and rplB markers. The relationships were inferred by maximum likelihood estimation. Morganella morganii subsp. morganii was used as an outgroup for 16S, while Proteus mirabilis and Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. laumondii were used for concatenated markers. The numbers on the nodes indicate the bootstrap values (≥ 50%) (100 replicates).

Accession numbers of sequences used for phylogenetic analysis of the EPN isolated and its bacterial symbiont_

Gen
Species18SITS28S
Steinernema carpocapsae BPSMK558002 ■MK558041 ■MK558056 ■
Steinernema carpocapsae KJ636405AF121049KJ950293
Steinernema arenarium KJ636393KU194614KU194619
Steinernema feltiae KJ636413AF121050JF920963
Steinernema glaseri KU180674AF122015GU177831
Steinernema bicornutum KT878311AF121048GU569045
Steinernema poinari KT878314KF241753KF241750
Steinernema akhursti KT878310DQ375757KF289902
Steinernema karii AJ417021AY230173AF331902
Steinernema beitlechemi KT878316KT373856KT580949
Steinernema kushidai LC157426GQ497741AF331897
Steinernema affine FJ040425AY230159AF331899
Steinernema websteri –FJ381666AY841762
Steinernema scarabaei –FJ263673AY172023
Steinernema khuongi –GU174002GU177835
Steinernema diaprepesi –AF122021GU177828
Steinernema hermaphroditum –MF663703MF693228
Steinernema rarum –DQ221115AY253296
Steinernema intermedium –AF122016AF331909
Steinernema unicornum –GQ497167GU191462
Steinernema scapterisci –AF122020AF331898
Steinernema neocurtillae –AF122018FJ263674
Steinernema monticolum –AF122017AF331895
Steinernema nguyeni –KP325084KR815816
Steinernema sacchari –KC633095KC633096
Steinernema phyllophagae –FJ410327FJ666054
Steinernema pakistanense –MF289981JX068823
Steinernema australe –FJ235125FJ235126
Steinernema brazilense –FJ410325FJ410326
Steinernema riobrave –AY230182GU177834
Steinernema cubanum –AY230166AF331889
Steinernema ceratophorum –AY230165AF331888
Steinernema texanum –EF152568EF152569
Steinernema cholashanense –MF039642EF520284
Steinernema apuliae –HQ416968KU194621
Steinernema khoisanae –DQ314287DQ314289
Steinernema aciari –AY787660GU395637
Steinernema citrae –FJ235074MF540678
Steinernema silvaticum –MG543848MG547579
Steinernema surkhetense –MF919614KU187262
Steinernema litorale –JF892546JQ795723
Steinernema anatoliense –EU200356AY841761
Caenorhabditis elegans X03680X03680X03680
Panagrellus redivivus ––AF331910
16S dnaN recA gltX rplB
Xenorhabdus nematophila BPSMK558196 ■MK570079 ■MK570081 ■MK570080 ■MK570082 ■
Xenorhabdus nematophila ATCC19061D78009NC_014228AF127333NC_014228CBJ88402
Xenorhabdus beddingii AY278675FJ831460FJ823415FJ840506FJ808999
Xenorhabdus bovienii X82252FJ831466FJ823426FJ840514FJ809005
Xenorhabdus japonica DQ202310FJ831453FJ823400FJ840503FJ808989
Xenorhabdus poinarii D78010FJ831454FJ823409FJ840499FJ808995
Xenorhabdus szentirmaii AJ810295FJ831458FJ823416FJ840508FJ809002
Xenorhabdus ehlersii AJ810294FJ831448FJ823398FJ840495FJ808992
Xenorhabdus innexi AJ810292FJ831476FJ823424FJ840522FJ809018
Xenorhabdus budapestensis AJ810293FJ831474FJ823418FJ840518FJ809017
Xenorhabdus indica AM040494FJ831470FJ823421FJ840520FJ809013
Xenorhabdus cabanillasii AY521244FJ831472FJ823422FJ840521FJ809015
Xenorhabdus doucetiae DQ211709FJ831450FJ823402FJ840497FJ809001
Xenorhabdus griffiniae DQ211710FJ831449FJ823399FJ840496FJ808991
Xenorhabdus hominickii DQ211719FJ831461FJ823410FJ840510FJ809010
Xenorhabdus koppenhoeferi DQ205450FJ831457FJ823413FJ840504FJ809004
Xenorhabdus kozodoii DQ211716FJ831446FJ823404FJ840493FJ808994
Xenorhabdus mauleonii DQ211715FJ831464FJ823417FJ840507FJ809003
Xenorhabdus miraniensis DQ211713FJ831459FJ823414FJ840505FJ808990
Xenorhabdus romanii DQ211717FJ831451FJ823403FJ840498FJ809000
Xenorhabdus stockiae DQ202309FJ831477FJ823425FJ840524FJ809020
Xenorhabdus vietnamensis DQ205447FJ831452FJ823401FJ840502FJ808998
Xenorhabdus ishibashii GQ149086JQ348908JQ348906JQ348909PHM62307
Xenorhabdus magdalenensis HQ877464JF798399JF798401JF798400-
Xenorhabdus khoisanae HQ142625AB685733AB685736AB685734KMJ46808
Xenorhabdus thuongxuanensis KX602193KX602195KX602194KX602196OKP02162
Xenorhabdus eapokensis KX602187KX602189KX602188KX602190OKP00696
Morganella morganii subsp. morganii AJ301681––––
Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. laumondii –FJ831497KT963835KT963845FJ817457
Proteus mirabilis –NC_010554X14870CAR43779CAR46384

Isolation of EPNs according to types of vegetation cover at sampling sites_

Vegetation coverLocationAltitude (m.a.s.l)Soil temperature (°C)Recovery frequency (%)Larvae of G. mellonella affected by EPNs (%)Larvae of T. molitor affected by EPNs (%)
Natural grassland (NG)02°58′43.2″ N076°09′36.9″ W2,96313.90.00.00.0
Pasture bordering annual crops (PBAC)02°56′57,3″ N076°16′21,5″ W1,75720.00.00.00.0
Natural forest (NF)02°56′0.99″ N 76°17′19.8″ W1,86316.450.021.71.7
First-growth bamboo (FGAB)03°00′49.5″ N076°12′41,3″ W1,89418.00.00.00.0
Coffee cultivation (CC)02°56′0.45″ N 76°17′19.1″ W1,85216.68.33.31.7
Horticultural cultivation (HC)03°00′49.5″ N076°12′41,3″ W1,89418.00.00.00.0
Strawberry cultivation (SC)02°58′43.2″ N076°09′36.9″ W2,96313.90.00.00.0
Combined lulo and papaya cultivation (CLPC)02°56′0,39″ N076°17′15″ W1,82018.50.00.00.0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2020-089 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X
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Language: English
Page range: 1 - 16
Published on: Aug 31, 2020
Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
Biological control,
Colombia
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Life sciences, other

© 2020 Esteban Neira-Monsalve, Natalia Carolina Wilches-Ramírez, Wilson Terán, María del Pilar Márquez, Ana Teresa Mosquera-Espinosa, Adriana Sáenz-Aponte, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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