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Activity of Steinernema colombiense in plant-based oils

Journal of Nematology
Volume 52 (2020): Issue 1 (January 2020)
By:
Open Access
|Jul 2020

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Effect of three adjuvants employed in Steinernema colombiense combination, coconut oil (CO), olive oil (OO), and distilled water (WC), on the percentage of live (mobile) infective juveniles (IJs) previously incubated at five different temperatures (4-24°C) and for five different times (1-21 days). Asterisks indicate significant differences within treatment comparisons at *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001, and n.s., not significant. Different letters indicate significant differences in Tukey’s test (HSD). Values are least-square means ± SE.
Effect of three adjuvants employed in Steinernema colombiense combination, coconut oil (CO), olive oil (OO), and distilled water (WC), on the percentage of live (mobile) infective juveniles (IJs) previously incubated at five different temperatures (4-24°C) and for five different times (1-21 days). Asterisks indicate significant differences within treatment comparisons at *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001, and n.s., not significant. Different letters indicate significant differences in Tukey’s test (HSD). Values are least-square means ± SE.

Figure 2:

Effect of three adjuvants employed in Steinernema colombiense combinations, coconut oil (CO), olive oil (OO), and distilled water (WC), on the frequency of larval mortality of last instar Galleria mellonella previously incubated at five different temperatures (4-24°C) and for five different times (1-21 days). Asterisks indicate significant differences within treatment comparisons at *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001, and n.s., not significant. Different letters indicate significant differences in Tukey’s test (HSD). Values are least-square means ± SE.
Effect of three adjuvants employed in Steinernema colombiense combinations, coconut oil (CO), olive oil (OO), and distilled water (WC), on the frequency of larval mortality of last instar Galleria mellonella previously incubated at five different temperatures (4-24°C) and for five different times (1-21 days). Asterisks indicate significant differences within treatment comparisons at *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001, and n.s., not significant. Different letters indicate significant differences in Tukey’s test (HSD). Values are least-square means ± SE.

Figure 3:

Effect of three adjuvants employed in Steinernema colombiense combinations, coconut oil (CO), olive oil (OO), and distilled water (WC), on the number of days needed to kill last instar Galleria mellonella larvae previously incubated at five different temperatures (4-24°C) and for five different times (1-21 days). Asterisks indicate significant differences within treatment comparisons at *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001, and n.s., not significant. Different letters indicate significant differences in Tukey’s test (HSD). Values are least-square means ± SE.
Effect of three adjuvants employed in Steinernema colombiense combinations, coconut oil (CO), olive oil (OO), and distilled water (WC), on the number of days needed to kill last instar Galleria mellonella larvae previously incubated at five different temperatures (4-24°C) and for five different times (1-21 days). Asterisks indicate significant differences within treatment comparisons at *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001, and n.s., not significant. Different letters indicate significant differences in Tukey’s test (HSD). Values are least-square means ± SE.

Figure 4:

Virulence of Steinernema colombiense (Scol) and Beauveria bassiana (Bbas), single applied or combined (Scol+Bbas), combined with coconut oil (CO), olive oil (OO), and distilled water (WC). A: Frequency of last instar Galleria mellonella larval mortality. B: Number of days needed to kill the insect larva. Different letters indicate significant differences in Tukey’s test (HSD). Values are least-square means ± SE. Significant differences for GLM analysis (P < 0.05) are highlighted in bold.
Virulence of Steinernema colombiense (Scol) and Beauveria bassiana (Bbas), single applied or combined (Scol+Bbas), combined with coconut oil (CO), olive oil (OO), and distilled water (WC). A: Frequency of last instar Galleria mellonella larval mortality. B: Number of days needed to kill the insect larva. Different letters indicate significant differences in Tukey’s test (HSD). Values are least-square means ± SE. Significant differences for GLM analysis (P < 0.05) are highlighted in bold.

Statistical analysis of the effect of three factors (adjuvants, temperature and time of storage) and their interactions (GLM, P < 0_05) in the infective juvenile (IJ) survival measured as percentage of live IJ, and its virulence measured as larval mortality and number of days to kill the insects_

Fixed factors% Live IJs% Dead larvaeNo. days to die
Adjuvant (Adj) F 2, 1,125 = 1.53; P = 0.217 F 2, 1,125 = 15.31; P  < 0.001 F 2,786 = 0.69; P = 0.513
Incubation temperature (Temp) F 4, 1,125 = 228.95; P  < 0.001 F 4, 1,125 = 49.31; P  < 0.001 F 4,786 = 9.24; P  < 0.001
Incubation time (Time) F 4, 1,125 = 2,309.61; P  <  0.001 F 4, 1,125 = 274.73; P  < 0.001 F 4,786 = 185.90; P  < 0.001
Adj × Temp F 8, 1,125 = 17.40; P  < 0.001 F 8, 1,125 = 2.67; P  = 0.007 F 8, 786 = 1.86; P = 0.063
Adj × Time F 8, 1,125 = 2.31; P  = 0.018 F 8, 1,125 = 7.39; P  < 0.001 F 8, 786 = 3.26; P  = 0.001
Tem × Time F 16, 1,125 = 136.59; P  < 0.001 F 16, 1,125 = 19.43; P  < 0.001 F 16, 786 = 10.89; P  < 0.001
Adj × Temp × Time F 32, 1,125 = 5.52; P  < 0.001 F 32, 1,125 = 1.42; P = 0.061 F 32, 786 = 2.11; P  = 0.001

Interactions of the co-application of entomopathogenic nematodes and entomopathogenic fungi formulated in different adjuvants for the suppression of Galleria mellonella larvae after_

AdjuvantObserved mortalitya Expected mortalityb χ 2 Interaction
Distilled water81.376.60.28Additive
Cocoa oil81.576.60.31Additive
Olive oil87.876.61.58Additive
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2020-072 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X
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Language: English
Page range: 1 - 12
Published on: Jul 28, 2020
Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
Biological control,
Coconut oil,
Olive oil,
Temperature
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Life sciences, other

© 2020 Gabriela Castruita-Esparza, Francisco Ángel Bueno-Pallero, Rubén Blanco-Pérez, Lídia Dionísio, Teodulfo Aquino-Bolaños, Raquel Campos-Herrera, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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