Table 1.
Estimated parameters for non-linear regression of the parameter inactive Ditylenchus dipsaci at different fluopyram exposure times (y) and concentrations (± SE).
| Parameter | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure time (y) | b | EC50 (µg/ml)a | c | d |
| 24 h | −1.17 ± 0.65 | 46.73 ± 88.19 | 3.54 ± 3.19 | 108.50 ± 119.46 |
| 48 h | −1.68 ± 0.68 | 9.32 ± 2.27 | 5.11 ± 4.70 | 96.03 ± 12.80 |
| 72 h | −2.43 ± 0.48 | 3.98 ± 0.33 | 7.62 ± 3.52 | 101.52 ± 4.01 |
| 96 h | −2.27 ± 0.34 | 2.02 ± 0.16 | 5.56 ± 3.73 | 101.68 ± 3.23 |
| 72 h + rinsed | −2.11 ± 0.27 | 3.00 ± 0.22 | 4.98 ± 2.96 | 101.96 ± 3.53 |
Figure 1:
Dose-response curves for immotile Ditylenchus dipsaci (%) after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h exposure to concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 30, and 50 µg a.i./ml of fluopyram. Recovery of motility was determined by rinsing the a.i. of nematodes from the 72 h treatment and after further incubation for 24 h in water (= 72 hr + rinsed).
Figure 2:
Effect of different fluopyram concentrations (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0 µg/ml) applied either at planting or at BBCH 10 (cotyledons horizontally unfolded) on the number of Ditylenchus dipsaci per seedling (BBCH 11, first pair of leaves visible - not yet unfolded) seven days post-inoculation. Different letters over bars indicate significant differences at α =0 .05, according to the Tukey multiple comparisons of means.
Table 2.
Effect of fluopyram applied at-planting or at BBCH 12 (two leaves unfolded) at concentrations of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 µg/ml on the number of Ditylenchus dipsaci (± SE) per sugar beet plant 50 days post-planting in the glasshouse.
| Fluopyram application | ||
|---|---|---|
| Fluopyram concentration (a.i.) | at planting | BBCH 12 |
| 0.0 (µg/ml) | 27,681 ± 34,208 | 12,344 ± 18,727 |
| 0.5 (µg/ml) | 16,782 ± 28,521 | 13,750 ± 22,242 |
| 1.0 (µg/ml) | 23,901 ± 37,066 | 8,596 ± 7,637 |
| 5.0 (µg/ml) | 20,315 ± 22,765 | 14,126 ± 22,566 |
Table 3.
Effect of fluopyram applied in-furrow at planting at 250 g a.i./ha, or in-band at BBCH 12 (two leaves unfolded) at either 125 or 250 g a.i./ha in the 2016 field trials at Bargen and Kappelen on the number of Ditylenchus dipsaci (± SE) per plant 27 days post-planting and 1 day before the post-planting application (BBCH 12) compared to untreated plants.
| Treatment/site | Bargen | Kappelen |
|---|---|---|
| Untreated control | 4.4 ± 3.7 | 28.8 ± 11.3 |
| 125 g a.i./ha BBCH 12 | 4.6 ± 2.1 | 22.0 ± 6.8 |
| 250 g a.i./ha BBCH 12 | 4.4 ± 3.5 | 29.0 ± 9.9 |
| 250 g a.i./ha at planting | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 1.7a** |
| ns |
Figure 3:
Effect of fluopyram applied in-furrow at planting at 250 g a.i./ha, or in-band at BBCH 12 (two leaves unfolded) at either 125 or 250 g a.i./ha in the 2016 field trials at Bargen and Kappelen on the number of Ditylenchus dipsaci per plant 62 days post-planting. Different letters over bars indicate significant differences at α = 0.05 according to the Tukey multiple comparisons of means (n = 4). Field locations were not compared to each other.
Figure 4:
Effect of fluopyram applied in-furrow at planting at 250 g a.i./ha, or in-band at BBCH 12 (two leaves unfolded) at either 125 or 250 g a.i./ha in the 2016 field trials at Bargen and Kappelen on the rotting severity of the sugar beet root. Rotting index: 0 = no rot visible; 1 = ≤ 10% of rotten root; 2 = 11 to 33% of rotten root; 3 = 34 to 66% of rotten root; 4 = ≥ 67% of rotten root based on total root volume. Different letters over bars within a location indicate significant differences at α = 0.05 according to the Tukey multiple comparisons of means (n = 4). Field locations were not compared to each other.