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Natural occurrence and distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae) in Viti Levu, Fiji Islands

Open Access
|Mar 2020

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Map of Fiji Islands.
Map of Fiji Islands.

Figure 2:

Map of Viti Levu showing sites where entomopathogenic nematodes were found.
Map of Viti Levu showing sites where entomopathogenic nematodes were found.

Figure 3:

Maximum parsimony tree inferred from sequence of ITS rDNA regions in 17 known Heterorhabditis species and native isolates of Heterorhabditis spp., with C. elegans as out group. Numbers at the nodes represent bootstrap values.
Maximum parsimony tree inferred from sequence of ITS rDNA regions in 17 known Heterorhabditis species and native isolates of Heterorhabditis spp., with C. elegans as out group. Numbers at the nodes represent bootstrap values.

Occurrence of H_ indica in Viti Levu with different soil physical & chemical parameters_

CategoriesTotal samplesPositive samplesRecovery frequency (%)
Sand content (%)
<3014200
30-4513210.75
45-608755.7
60-75671522.3
75-9041819.5
>909666.6
Silt content (%)
<201772614.6
20-3015074.6
30-409200
40-504324.6
50-601200
>60400
Clay content (%)
<201263124.6
20-3011443.5
30-4013700
40-506000
50-602900
60-701100
>70100
Soil texture
Clay9600
Clay loam12400
Fine sand12758.3
Loam2713.7
Loamy fine sand25624
Sandy clay900
Sandy clay loam8356
Sandy loam691623.2
Silt loam1000
Silty clay1200
Silty clay loam1100
Soil pH
4.0-4.5700
4.5-5.02200
5.0-5.55811.74
5.5-6.010454.8
6.0-6.51531912.4
6.5-7.089910.11
7.0-7.53712.7
>7.5800
Soil organic content
<3%236229.3
3-5%15674.4
5-7%7322.7
7-9%9222.2
>9%4250
Soil moisture
3-6%100
6-9%1100
9-12%189157.9
12-15%154106.4
15-18%7656.5
18-21%3638.3
>21%11218.1
Soil temperature
<26°C6834.41
26-27°C7845.12
27-28°C7856.41
28-29°C8078.7
29-30°C6657.5
30-31°C621117.7
>31°C4600

Occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes in different province and habitat types_

CategoriesTotal samplesPositive samplesRecovery frequency (%)
Province
Ba15474.5
Nadroga-Navosa991818.2
Naitisiri4312.3
Namosi1900
Ra65812.3
Rewa3300
Serua2713.7
Tailevu3800
Habitat type
Coastline/Dunes401025
Farm7122.81
Forest12521.6
Gardens/Park1000
Grassland13675.14
Riverside791215.1
Roadside verge17211.7

Distribution of H_ indica in Viti Levu at different environmental variables_

CategoriesTotal samplesPositive samplesRecovery frequency (%)a
Climatic zone
Leeward2552610.1
Windward22394.0
Mean annual rainfall (mm)
<2,3002182411
2,300-2,9009999
2,900-3,5009111
3,500-4,1005211.9
>4,1001800
Av annual max air temp (°C)
<28.01800
28.0-28.57011.4
28.5-29.07311.3
29.0-29.51752715.4
29.5-30.04948.1
30.0-30.57222.7
>30.52100
Av annual min air temp (°C)
<191800
19-207311.3
20-211482013.5
21-228011.25
>22159138.1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2020-017 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 17
Submitted on: Sep 29, 2019
Published on: Mar 19, 2020
Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2020 Sumeet Kour, Uma Khurma, Gilianne Brodie, Selcuk Hazir, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.