Table 1.
Average population density of nematode genera (when present) identified in Arkansas edamame fields.
| County | No. of fields | Meloidogyne | Heterodera | Pratylenchus | Helicotylenchus | Tylenchorhynchus | Paratrichodorus | Hoplolaimus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | ||||||||
| Faulkner | 1 | 0 a | 0 | 94 | 42 | 83 | 42 | 0 |
| Johnson | 1 | 42 | 83 | 83 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Logan | 10 | 0 | 42 | 50 | 42 | 80 | 42 | 0 |
| Lonoke | 9 | 278 | 54 | 77 | 88 | 236 | 125 | 125 |
| Pulaski | 1 | 0 | 125 | 83 | 250 | 167 | 125 | 0 |
| White | 7 | 42 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42 | 0 |
| Yell | 4 | 339 | 0 | 369 | 42 | 83 | 42 | 0 |
| Percent prevalent b | 36.36 | 39.39 | 57.58 | 39.39 | 30.3 | 21.21 | 3.03 | |
| 2014 | ||||||||
| Johnson | 7 | 2731 | 38 | 51 | 142 | 50 | 38 | 0 |
| Logan | 3 | 0 | 0 | 38 | 102 | 128 | 0 | 0 |
| Lonoke | 7 | 637 | 346 | 66 | 109 | 99 | 38 | 0 |
| White | 8 | 0 | 61.2 | 38 | 67 | 66 | 154 | 77 |
| Yell | 6 | 38 | 58 | 53 | 84 | 38 | 0 | 0 |
| Percent prevalent | 22.58 | 38.71 | 48.39 | 80.65 | 58.06 | 19.35 | 3.23 | |
Table 2.
Meloidogyne incognita population density in microplots at edamame harvest in two locations.
| Initial infestation density (eggs per microplot) | M. incognita juveniles (J2) per 100 cm3 soil | Gall ratinga | Average number of eggs from one root ball |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hope | |||
| 0 | 0 a,b | 0 a | 0 a |
| 1,000 | 92 b | 6.2 b | 1,681,720 b |
| 10,000 | 79 b | 8.3 c | 1,510,267 b |
| 100,000 | 110 b | 9.1 c | 682,973 a,b |
| Fayetteville | |||
| 0 | 0 a | 0 a | 0 a |
| 1,000 | 2 a | 5.2 b | 200,720 b |
| 10,000 | 297 b | 7.0 b | 859,840 b |
| 100,000 | 1,018 c | 9.7 c | 1,559,313 c |
Figure 1:
Effects of Meloidogyne incognita on three yield parameters; (A) dried plant weight in grams; (B) Total weight of harvested edamame pods in grams; and (C) Total fresh seed weight in grams on edamame cultivar, ‘8080’, in microplots from two locations. Plants were harvested at reproductive stage 6 (R6). Error bars represent standard error of the mean for each treatment. Differences in letters indicate significantly different values as determined by LSD at p ≤ 0.05.
Table 3.
Heterodera glycines population density in microplots at edamame harvest in two locations.
| Initial infection level (eggs per microplot) | H. glycines juveniles (J2) per 100 cm3 soil | Cysts per 100 cm3 soil | Cysts from roots in microplots at harvest |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hope | |||
| 0 | 0 a | 0 a | 0 a |
| 1,000 | 2 a | 8 a | 97 a |
| 10,000 | 26 a | 67 a | 745 a |
| 100,000 | 199 b | 850 b | 7,674 b |
| Fayetteville | |||
| 0 | 176 a | 14 a | 240 a |
| 1,000 | 102 a | 12 a | 220 a |
| 10,000 | 531 a | 36 a | 774 a |
| 100,000 | 2,068 b | 254 b | 3,923 b |
Figure 2:
Effects of Heterodera glycines on five edamame yield parameters; (A) total weight of dried plant mass; (B) average number of harvested pods per plant; (C) the number of seeds in 30 grams; (D) total weight of pods in grams; and (E) total fresh bean weight in grams in microplots from two locations. Edamame plants were harvested at reproductive stage 6 (R6). Error bars represent standard error of the mean for each treatment. Differences in letters indicate significantly different values determined by LSD at p ≤ 0.05.
Table 4.
Food composition percentage on a dry weight basis from edamame seed in M. incognita-infested microplots.
| Treatment (eggs per plot) | Moisture | Protein | Lipid | Starch |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hope | ||||
| 0 | 71.37 a | 38.24 a | 11.16 a | 10.29 a |
| 1,000 | 70.37 a | 38.23 a | 12.83 a | 10.56 a |
| 10,000 | 68.04 b | 36.89 b | 14.58 a | 10.08 a |
| 100,000 | 68.83 b | 36.46 b | 14.66 a | 10.06 a |
| Fayetteville | ||||
| 0 | 76.04 a | 36.53 a | 10.02 a | 9.27 a |
| 1,000 | 75.41 a | 36.44 a | 10.27 a | 9.56 a |
| 10,000 | 76.19 a | 36.92 a | 12.10 a | 9.43 a |
| 100,000 | 75.75 a | 36.47 a | 10.40 a | 9.58 a |
Table 5.
Food composition percentage on a dry weight basis from edamame seed in H. glycines-infested microplots.
| Treatment (eggs per plot) | Moisture | Protein | Lipid | Starch |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hope | ||||
| 0 | 70.15 a,b | 37.57 a | 10.14 a | 10.73 a |
| 1,000 | 70.61 a | 37.57 a | 10.85 a | 10.46 a |
| 10,000 | 69.59 a,b | 36.86 a,b | 10.38 a | 10.91 a |
| 100,000 | 66.24 b | 36.18 b | 11.66 a | 10.94 a |
| Fayetteville | ||||
| 0 | 74.87 a | 35.86 a | 8.03 a | 12.62 a |
| 1,000 | 75.33 a | 36.37 a | 7.82 a | 12.39 a |
| 10,000 | 74.82 a,b | 35.71 a | 8.87 a,b | 13.01 a |
| 100,000 | 74.46 b | 34.66 b | 9.62 b | 13.25 a |
Figure 3:
Average gall rating of Meloidogyne incognita on 22 different edamame breeding lines 45 days after inoculation. Gall ratings were based on a 1-10 scale (Barker, 1982). Each bar represents an average of three trials with five replications in each trial. Edamame lines with different letters listed above bars indicate significant differences using LSD analysis, p ≤ 0.05.
Figure 4:
Average number of Meloidogyne incognita eggs per gram of dry root in 22 different edamame breeding lines 45 days after inoculation. Each bar in trial 1 (A), 2 (B), and 3 (C) represent an average of five replications. Edamame lines with different letters above the bar indicate significant difference as determined by LSD analysis, p ≤ 0.05.
Figure 5:
Average number of Heterodera glycines cysts from soil and roots of 22 edamame breeding lines 30 days after inoculation. Each bar represents the average of two trials with five replications in each trial. Different letters above bars indicate LSD significant levels, p ≤ 0.05.