New data on known species of Hirschmanniella and Pratylenchus (Rhabditida, Pratylenchidae) from Iran and South Africa

Pratylenchus								Hirschmanniella
18S rDNA		ITS rDNA		28S rDNA		COI mtDNA		28S rDNA
Species	Accession number/locality	Species	Accession number/locality	Species	Accession number/locality	Species	Accession number/locality	Species	Accession number/locality
P. speijeri	KM245059/China	P. parafloridensis	GQ988378/USA	P. hippeastri	FN554882/USA	P. coffeae	KU198943/Japan	H. oryzae	JX291141/Myanmar
P. speijeri	KF974690/China	P. parafloridensis	GQ988377/USA	P. hippeastri	FM994115/USA	P. coffeae	KU198942/Japan	H. oryzae	JX291142/Myanmar
P. coffeae	AB905286/Japan	P. floridensis	GQ988375/USA	P. hippeastri	FN554881/USA	P. coffeae	KY424075/China	Hirschmanniella sp.	DQ328686/Vietnam
P. coffeae	KM245066/China	P. floridensis	GQ988376/USA	P. hippeastri	FN554879/USA	P. coffeae	KY424074/China	H. oryzae	KF201169/the Philippines
P. coffeae	KY424134/China	P. hippeastri	FJ712933/USA	P. hippeastri	FM994114/USA	P. speijeri	KY424088/China	H. oryzae	KF201165/the Philippines
P. speijeri	KF974688/ China	P. hippeastri	FJ712935/USA	P. hippeastri	KP161611/China	P. speijeri	KY424087/China	H. oryzae	KF201161/the Philippines
P. coffeae	KY424139/China	P. hippeastri	FJ712934/USA	P. hippeastri	KC796704/Japan	P. loosi	KY424086/Japan	H. belli	EF029860/USA
P. coffeae	KY424140/China	P. hippeastri	FJ712936/USA	P. hippeastri	KC796705/Japan	P. loosi	KY424085/China	Hirschmanniella sp.	EF029861/USA
P. coffeae	KY424142/China	P. hippeastri	KY424236/China	P. hippeastri	KC796706/Japan	P. loosi	KY424084/China	Hirschmanniella sp.	KP671713/Belgium
P. speijeri	KY424156/China	P. hippeastri	KR029085/China	P. hippeastri	KC796707/Japan	P. loosi	KX349422/China	H. kwazuna	South Africa
P. speijeri	KM245067/China	P. hippeastri	KY424237/China	P. hippeastri	KY424307/China	P. hippeastri	KY424099/China	H. kwazuna	South Africa
P. coffeae	KY424137/China	P. hippeastri	KC796698/Japan	P. hippeastri	KR029084/China	P. hippeastri	KY424098/China	H. loofi	EU620468/Belgium
P. coffeae	KY424143/China	P. hippeastri	KC796701/Japan	P. hippeastri	KY424306/China	P. scribneri	KY424092/China	H. loofi	EU620469/Belgium
P. loosi	AB905296/Japan	P. hippeastri	KC796702/Japan	P. hippeastri	KJ001720/China	P. scribneri	KX349425/China	Hirschmanniella sp.	JX261958/Iran
P. loosi	KY424153/China	P. hippeastri	KC796699/Japan	P. hippeastri	GU214112/USA	P. scribneri	KY424090/China	H. mucronata	KP179327/Cambodia
P. loosi	KY424154/China	P. hippeastri	KJ001718/Israel	P. hippeastri	KC796703/Japan	P. scribneri	KY424091/China	H. mucronata	KF201167/the Philippines
P. loosi	KY424155/China	P. hippeastri	FJ712932/USA	P. parafloridensis	GU214114/USA	P. scribneri	KY424089/China	H. mucronata	KP179333/Cambodia
P. loosi	AB905297/Japan	P. hippeastri	KC796700/Japan	P. parafloridensis	AF170438/USA	P. vulnus	KY828317/Belgium	H. halophila	EU620464/Germany
P. agilis	EU130794/USA	P. hippeastri	FN554883/USA	P. parafloridensis	GU214115/USA	P. vulnus	KY828312/Belgium	H. halophila	EU620465/Germany
P. agilis	EU130793/USA	P. hippeastri	FN554887/USA	P. floridensis	GU214116/USA	P. vulnus	KY424096/China	H. pomponiensis	DQ077795/USA
P. scribneri	EU130812/USA	P. hippeastri	FN554884/USA	P. floridensis	AF170437/USA	P. vulnus	KY424094/China	H. santarosae	EF029859/USA
P. scribneri	EU130811/USA	P. hippeastri	FN554888/USA	P. floridensis	GU214117/USA	P. oleae	KJ510866/Spain	P. vulnus	EU130885/USA
P. scribneri	KY424158/China	P. jaehni	FJ712941/Brazil	P. araucensis	FJ463261/Colombia	Rotylenchulus macrosoma	KY992847/Greece
P. scribneri	KY424159/China	P. jaehni	FJ712940/Brazil	P. araucensis	FJ463258/Colombia
P. scribneri	EU669927/the Netherlands	P. loosi	FJ712946/Brazil	P. araucensis	FJ463260/Colombia
P. scribneri	KY424162/China	P. loosi	FJ712942/Brazil	P. coffeae	AF170427/USA
P. scribneri	KY424161/China	P. pseudocoffeae	KT971367/Costa Rica	P. coffeae	AF170426/USA
P. hippeastri	KY424166/China	P. pseudocoffeae	KT175523/South Korea	P. pseudocoffeae	KT175531/South Korea
P. hippeastri	KJ001716/Israel	P. pseudocoffeae	LC030339/Japan	P. pseudocoffeae	KT175532/South Korea
P. scribneri	EU669958/the Netherlands	P. pseudocoffeae	LC030338/Japan	P. pseudocoffeae	KT971360/Costa Rica
P. araucensis	FJ154950/Colombia	P. scribneri	KY424228/China	P. pseudocoffeae	KT175533/South Korea
P. japonicus	KF385443/Japan	P. scribneri	KY424230/China	P. scribneri	KY424300/China
P. parazeae	KY424184/China	P. agilis	FJ712891/USA	P. agilis	EU130841/USA
P. pratensis	KC875387/the Netherlands	P. agilis	JQ039330/China	P. scribneri	JX047002/China
P. bolivianus	KC875390/the Netherlands	P. alleni	JX081545/Canada	P. scribneri	EU130865/USA
Zygotylenchus guevarae	AF442189/Belgium	P. gutierrezi	FJ712929/Guatemala	P. scribneri	KX842632/USA
		P. gutierrezi	FJ712930/Guatemala	P. alleni	MF155653/Canada
		P. gutierrezi	FJ712931/Guatemala	P. speijeri	KF974713/China
		P. gutierrezi	FR692277/Portugal	P. speijeri	KF974715/China
		Zygotylenchus guevarai	FJ717817/Spain	P. speijeri	KY424295/China
				P. speijeri	KF974716/China
				P. speijeri	KF974703/China
				P. coffeae	EU130846/Japan
				P. coffeae	EU130850/Japan
				P. coffeae	EU130845/Japan
				P. coffeae	KC490925/China
				P. loosi	KY424290/China
				P. loosi	EF446995/Iran
				P. loosi	KY424291/China
				P. loosi	KY424293/China
				P. loosi	JN091970/Japan
				P. penetrans	JX046999/China
				P. penetrans	JX046998/China
				P. dunensis	AJ890462/the Netherlands
				P. dunensis	AJ890460/the Netherlands
				P. brachyurus	KF712474/China
				P. brachyurus	KF712472/China
				P. vulnus	HM469437/China
				P. vulnus	KF430799/Japan
				P. crenatus	KX683378/the Netherlands
				P. crenatus	EU130853/UK
				P. bhattii	JN244270/China
				P. bhattii	JN244269/China
				P. parazeae	KP903445/China
				P. parazeae	KP903443/China
				P. zeae	KT033000/Kenya
				P. zeae	KT032999/Kenya
				P. bolivianus	KU198956/Bolivia
				P. bolivianus	KU198955/Bolivia
				P. neglectus	HM469438/China
				P. neglectus	MG205581/China
				P. brzeskii	AM231928/France
				P. brzeskii	AM231927/France
				P. thornei	KX258736/Iran
				P. thornei	KX258737/Iran
				P. thornei	EU130881/Moldova
				Zygotylenchus guevarai	JQ917439/Iran

Table 2.

Nematode species and GenBank accession numbers used for the present study.

Species	Gene	GenBank accession number	Origin	Sample codes
P. hippeastri	18S rDNA	MH324470	Potchefstroom, South Africa	ESW 1
P. hippeastri	ITS rDNA	MH324471	Potchefstroom, South Africa	ESW 2
P. hippeastri	28S rDNA	MH324472	Potchefstroom, South Africa	ESW 3
P. hippeastri	28S rDNA	MH324473	Potchefstroom, South Africa	ESW 4
P. hippeastri	COI of mtDNA	MH324474	Potchefstroom, South Africa	ESW 5
H. anchoryzae	28S rDNA	MK571451	Royan, Iran	IR Royan
H. anchoryzae	COI of mtDNA	MK583962	Royan, Iran	IR Royan

Table 3.

Morphometrics of H. anchoryzae from Iran and P. hippeastri from South Africa. All measurements are in μm and in the form: mean ± s.d. (range).

Species	H. anchoryzae		P. hippeastri
Locality	Royan		Potchefstroom
Province	Mazandaran Province		North-West Province
Country	Iran		South Africa
Habitat	Mentha aquatica		Willow tree
n	4 ♀♀	2 ♂♂	7 ♀♀
L	1,796 ± 71 (1,740–1,895)	1,273, 1,625	522.6 ± 69.5 (424–614)
a	65.0 ± 2.0 (63.6–68.0)	62.1, 62.5	28.5 ± 3.1 (18.6–31.8)
b	10.3 ± 1.4 (9.0–11.6)	6.6, 8.3	3.8 ± 0.7 (2.7–4.9)
c	18.6 ± 2.3 (16.4–21.9)	15.7, 18.8	18.7 ± 3.1 (11.7–23.6)
c′	5.5 ± 1.6 (4.2–7.2)	4.2, 5.4	2.2 ± 0.2 (2.0–2.3)
V	55.4 ± 1.9 (53–57)	–	77.1 ± 3.5 (73–82)
Lip region height	4.1 ± 0.2 (4–5)	3, 4	2.6 ± 0.7 (1.9–3.7)
Lip region diameter	10.3 ± 0.5 (10–11)	9, 11	8.5 ± 1.7 (7–11)
Stylet length	20.2 ± 1 (19–21)	18, 19	15.4 ± 1.6 (13–18)
Stylet conus length	9.8 ± 0.7 (9–11)	9, ?	7.6 ± 0.7 (6.4–8.2)
Stylet shaft length	8.4 ± 0.5 (8–9)	8, ?	4.9 ± 1.2 (4.2–5.8)
Stylet knob height	1.7 ± 0.2 (1.5–1.8)	1.5, ?	2.2 ± 0.4 (1.7–2.5)
Stylet knob width	3.6 ± 0.3 (3.3–3.8)	3.4, ?	3.4 ± 0.7 (2.7–4.1)
DGO from stylet base	3.2 ± 0.4 (3–4)	3.3, 3.7	2.7 ± 0.9 (1.7–3.6)
Anterior end to centre of median bulb	87 ± 3 (84–91)	77, 93	53.8 ± 3.7 (50–60)
End of pharyngeal glands	393 ± 13 (380–410)	223, 441	132.9 ± 15.9 (116–149)
Median bulb length	12.7 ± 0.2 (12–13)	13	13.8 ± 2.7 (11–16)
Median bulb width	16.6 ± 0.5 (16–17)	18	9.1 ± 1.8 (7–10)
Excretory pore – anterior end	150 ± 2 (148–152)	119, 143	95.7 ± 15.1 (80–112)
Maximum body diameter	28 ± 2 (26–29)	21, 26	20.9 ± 3.4 (17–27)
Anal body diameter	18 ± 4 (13–20)	15, 20	12.9 ± 1.0 (12–14)
Anterior genital tract length	?	–	160.5 ± 36.5 (102–210)
Tail length	101 ± 4 (96–106)	81, 87	31.7 ± 6.4 (26–43)
Number of tail annuli	73 ± 9 (63–80)	?	21.3 ± 2.8 (18–23)
Vulva to anus distance	–	–	77.5 ± 7.7 (72–83)
Post-vulval uterine sac length	–	–	20.6 ± 3.9 (16–26)
Lateral field width	7.5	7	5.5 ± 0.7 (5–6)
Phasmid-anus distance	57.8 ± 7.6 (46–64)	49, 61	17.2 ± 4.1 (15-22)
Spicules	–	27, 30	–
Gubernaculum	–	8.6-8.7	–

Line drawings of *Hirschmanniella anchoryzae*. (A) anterior portion of the female; (B) cephalic region of the female; (C–E) female posterior end; (F) male posterior end; (G) female reproductive system; (H, I) status of females after relaxation; (J, K) status of male after relaxation.

PCA analysis of the different population of *H. anchoryzae*.

Table 4.

Genetic pairwise distance estimation of 28S rDNA of Hirschmanniella species using Mega 7.

	Species	Locality	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13
1	H. anchoryzae	Iran		0.035	0.049	0.051	0.032	0.048	0.055	0.052	0.053	0.056	0.024	0.058	0.053
2	H. pomponiensis	USA	0.109		0.040	0.039	0.007	0.038	0.045	0.044	0.044	0.047	0.024	0.047	0.041
3	Hirschmanneilla sp.	Iran	0.147	0.126		0.031	0.038	0.027	0.030	0.030	0.016	0.014	0.046	0.022	0.030
4	Hirschmanneilla sp.	USA	0.146	0.122	0.102		0.035	0.012	0.014	0.014	0.031	0.030	0.040	0.031	0.004
5	H. santarosae	USA	0.101	0.019	0.123	0.110		0.033	0.039	0.038	0.039	0.042	0.022	0.042	0.036
6	H. belli	USA	0.137	0.116	0.088	0.036	0.103		0.007	0.006	0.026	0.026	0.038	0.031	0.011
7	H. oryzae	Myanmar and the Philippines	0.152	0.131	0.097	0.043	0.119	0.016		0.000	0.029	0.028	0.042	0.031	0.012
8	Hirschmanneilla sp.	Vietnam	0.146	0.129	0.098	0.044	0.117	0.015	0.000		0.030	0.029	0.044	0.031	0.012
9	H. kwazuna	South Africa	0.149	0.131	0.050	0.097	0.119	0.082	0.090	0.092		0.010	0.039	0.018	0.028
10	H. loofi	Belgium	0.157	0.139	0.044	0.097	0.128	0.083	0.089	0.092	0.026		0.041	0.017	0.028
11	H. halophila	Germany	0.073	0.075	0.140	0.121	0.069	0.113	0.124	0.128	0.118	0.124		0.043	0.040
12	H. mucronata	Belgium	0.166	0.145	0.074	0.103	0.132	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.058	0.055	0.132		0.031
13	Hirschmanneilla sp.	Belgium	0.149	0.124	0.098	0.009	0.111	0.030	0.036	0.036	0.089	0.089	0.120	0.101

1 Notes: Accession numbers: 1 = MK571451; 2 = DQ077795; 3 = JX261958; 4 = EF029861; 5 = EF029859; 6 = EF029860; 7 = JX291141, JX291142, KF201161, KF201165, KF201169; 8 = DQ328686; 9 = EU620466, EU620467; 10 = EU620468, EU620469; 11 = EU620464, EU620465; 12 = KP179327, KP179333, KF201167; 13 = KP671713.

The Bayesian inference tree of *Hirschmanniella anchoryzae* (Ebsary and Anderson, 1982) from Iran and other related species based on the sequences from 28S rDNA under GTR+I+G model (−*lnL* = 3,374.3581; AIC = 6,856.7162; freqA = 0.2269; freqC = 0.2193; freqG = 0.3068; freqT = 0.2471; R(a) [AC] = 0.6057; R(b) [AG] = 2.7984; R(c) [AT] = 0.9170; R(d) [CG] = 0.2612; R(e) [CT] = 3.5814; R(f) [GT] = 1; p-inv = 0.1960; shape = 0.5340).

Line drawings of *Pratylenchus hippeastri*. (A) female anterior end; (B, C) stoma; (D) female reproductive system; (E) entire female; (F) lateral field; (G) post uterine sac; (H, I) female posterior end (arrow indicates phasmid).

Light photomicrographs of *Pratylenchus hippeastri*. (A, B) anterior end (arrows indicate hemizonid); (C) reproductive system (arrow indicates vulva); (D) entire body (black arrow indicates vulva, white arrows indicate phasmids); (E) posterior end (arrow indicate anus).

Scanning electron microscope photographs of *Pratylenchus hippeastri*. (A) entire body (black arrow indicates vulva); (B, C, E) lip region in lateral, frontal and ventral views, respectively); (D) female anterior region; (F) excretory pore (arrow); (G) lateral field (arrows indicate longitudinal incisures); (H) vulval region; (I, J) female posterior end in ventral and lateral views, respectively (arrow indicates phasmid); (K) anus.

Table 5.

Correlation of morphometric data of P. hippeastri from South Africa.

Variables	L	a	b	c	ć	V	Stylet	DGO	Tail	PUS	Phasmid	MB	Pharynx
L	1	−0.236	0.786	0.336	−0.340	−0.453	0.277	−0.404	0.768	0.672	0.626	0.931	−0.841
a	−0.236	1	−0.516	0.589	−0.210	−0.285	−0.601	−0.166	−0.605	−0.846	0.001	−0.449	−0.205
b	0.786	−0.516	1	−0.187	0.198	−0.503	0.792	−0.287	0.904	0.806	0.797	0.709	−0.679
c	0.336	0.589	−0.187	1	−0.882	0.082	−0.488	−0.692	−0.344	−0.191	−0.134	0.140	−0.359
ć	−0.340	−0.210	0.198	−0.882	1	−0.427	0.471	0.607	0.275	−0.079	0.407	−0.280	0.103
V	−0.453	−0.285	−0.503	0.082	−0.427	1	−0.181	−0.141	−0.543	0.059	−0.913	−0.329	0.811
Stylet	0.277	−0.601	0.792	−0.488	0.471	−0.181	1	−0.257	0.588	0.679	0.531	0.192	−0.197
DGO	−0.404	−0.166	−0.287	−0.692	0.607	−0.141	−0.257	1	0.089	−0.268	−0.094	−0.120	0.347
Tail	0.768	−0.605	0.904	−0.344	0.275	−0.543	0.588	0.089	1	0.771	0.736	0.831	−0.614
PUS	0.672	−0.846	0.806	−0.191	−0.079	0.059	0.679	−0.268	0.771	1	0.296	0.738	−0.261
Phasmid	0.626	0.001	0.797	−0.134	0.407	−0.913	0.531	−0.094	0.736	0.296	1	0.472	−0.856
MB	0.931	−0.449	0.709	0.140	−0.280	−0.329	0.192	−0.120	0.831	0.738	0.472	1	−0.655
Pharynx	−0.841	−0.205	−0.679	−0.359	0.103	0.811	−0.197	0.347	−0.614	−0.261	−0.856	−0.655	1

1 Note: Values in italic are different from 0 with a significance level α = 0.05.

PCA analysis of the different population of *P. hippeastri*.

Cluster dendrogram for different populations of *P. hippeastri* using morphometric data. Red values represent AU (approximated unbiased) values. Green values on the right branch indicate BP (bootstrap probability). Florida 1 (Inserra et al. 2007) and Florida 2 (De Luca et al. 2010).

The Bayesian inference tree of *Pratylenchus hippeastri* from South Africa and other related taxa based on the sequences from 18S rDNA under GTR+I+G model (−*lnL* = 5,036.0855; AIC = 10,236.171; freqA = 0.2586; freqC = 0.2234; freqG = 0.2663; freqT = 0.2517; R(a) [AC] = 1.29106; R(b) [AG] = 2.99041; R(c) [AT] = 1.68788; R(d) [CG] = 0.89263; R(e) [CT] = 6.4881; R(f) [GT] = 1; p-inv = 0.5010; Shape = 0.4870).

The Bayesian inference tree of *Pratylenchus hippeastri* from South Africa and other related taxa based on the sequences from ITS rDNA under GTR+I+G model (−*lnL* = 7,745.2851; AIC = 15,674.5702; freqA = 0.2437; freqC = 0.2123; freqG = 0.255; freqT = 0.2889; R(a) [AC] = 1.07478; R(b) [AG] = 2.56737; R(c) [AT] = 1.63147; R(d) [CG] = 0.53909; R(e) [CT] = 2.91622; R(f) [GT] = 1; p-inv = 0.2300; Shape = 1.3540).

The Bayesian inference tree of *Pratylenchus hippeastri* from South Africa and other related taxa based on the sequences from COI of mtDNA under GTR+I+G model (−*lnL* = 2,667.1378; AIC = 5,446.2756; freqA = 0.2552; freqC = 0.0926; freqG = 0.1917; freqT = 0.4604; R(a) [AC] = 0.01; R(b) [AG] = 9.49586; R(c) [AT] = 2.67386; R(d) [CG] = 3.1383; R(e) [CT] = 8.02121; R(f) [GT] = 1; p-inv = 0.2150; Shape = 0.4730).

The Bayesian inference tree of *Pratylenchus hippeastri* from South Africa and other related taxa based on the sequences from 28S rDNA under GTR+I+G model (−*lnL* = 7,451.6325; AIC = 15,235.265; freqA = 0.2081; freqC = 0.2296; freqG = 0.3327; freqT = 0.2296; R(a) [AC] = 0.83418; R(b) [AG] = 2.50021; R(c) [AT] = 1.25212; R(d) [CG] = 0.34218; R(e) [CT] = 4.6954; R(f) [GT] = 1; p-inv = 0.2510; Shape = 0.6830).

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2019-041 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X

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Language: English

Page range: 1 - 26

Submitted on: Mar 26, 2019

Published on: Aug 5, 2019

Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Keywords:

Iran,

Morphometric,

mtDNA,

Phylogeny,

Root-lesion nematode,

rDNA,

South Africa

Related subjects:

Life sciences,

Life sciences, other

© 2019 Ebrahim Shokoohi, Joaquín Abolafia, Phatu William Mashela, Nafiseh Divsalar, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 51 (2019): Issue 1 (January 2019)

New data on known species of Hirschmanniella and Pratylenchus (Rhabditida, Pratylenchidae) from Iran and South Africa

Figures & Tables

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

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Figure 2:

Table 4.

Figure 3:

Figure 4:

Figure 5:

Figure 6:

Table 5.

Figure 7:

Figure 8:

Figure 9:

Figure 10:

Figure 12:

Figure 11:

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