Survival over time of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) formulated in sodium alginate beads (ABs) in relation to the pre-conditioning (Prec) of IJs or ABs coating (C) or both (Prec-C), stored at 23 ± 3°C_ Steinernema glaseri (Sg), Steinernema carpocapsae (Sc), and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Hb)_
| Survival rate after formulation (%) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factor | Treatment | 7 d | 14 d | 21 d | 28 d | 35 d | MSt (days ± SE) |
| EPN | Sg | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.05 ± 0.079 |
| Sc | 79 | 79 | 58.8 | 58.8 | 0 | 26.07 ± 0.389 | |
| Hb | 93.5 | 93.5 | 51.4 | 0 | 0 | 22.00 ± 0.209 | |
| Prec | Sg-Prec | 39.6 | 39.6 | 22.5 | 0 | 0 | 13.21 ± 0.262 |
| Sc-Prec | 53.3 | 23 | 9.8 | 0 | 0 | 13.02 ± 0.218 | |
| Hb-Prec | 69.3 | 69.3 | 7.6 | 0 | 0 | 14.69 ± 0.182 | |
| C | Sg-C | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.40 ± 0.088 |
| Sc-C | 79 | 79 | 41.6 | 41.6 | 0 | 26.96 ± 0.355 | |
| Hb-C | 100 | 100 | 30.5 | 21.7 | 0 | 22.22 ± 0.262 | |
| Prec-C | Sg-Prec-C | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9.80 ± 0.108 |
| Sc-Prec-C | 74.4 | 67.8 | 31.5 | 31.5 | 10 | 22.06 ± 0.372 | |
| Hb-Prec-C | 92.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13.46 ± 0.058 | |
Results of the statistical analysis over time of infectivity (IN) against Galleria mellonella by EPNs from sodium ABs, in relation to the pre-conditioning (Prec) of IJs or ABs coating (C) or both (Prec-C)_ Steinernema glaseri (Sg), Steinernema carpocapsae (Sc), and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Hb)_
| Infectivity after formulation (%)a | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factor | Treatment | 7 d | 14 d | 21 d | 28 d | 35 d | Mean IN (% ± SE) | F | P |
| EPN | Sg | 15b | 0b | 0b | 0b | 0b | 3 ± 2.19bc | 6.28 | 0.023 |
| Sc | 100a | 100a | 100a | 100a | 0a | 80 ± 9.18a | |||
| Hb | 90a | 100a | 0b | 0b | 0a | 38 ± 10.8ac | |||
| Prec | Sg-Prec | 75a | 70a | 0a | 0a | 0a | 29 ± 9.5bc | 5.79 | 0.006 |
| Sc-Prec | 100a | 100a | 55a | 0a | 0a | 51 ± 11.3a | |||
| Hb-Prec | 100a | 90a | 0a | 0a | 0a | 38 ± 10.8ac | |||
| C | Sg-C | 35b | 0b | 0b | 0b | 0a | 7 ± 3.3b | 219.59 | <0.001 |
| Sc-C | 100a | 100a | 100a | 80a | 0a | 76 ± 9.58a | |||
| Hb-C | 100a | 100a | 90a | 95a | 0a | 77 ± 9a | |||
| Prec-C | Sg-Prec-C | 40b | 10b | 0b | 00b | 0b | 10 ± 5.7b | 160.54 | <0.001 |
| Sc-Prec-C | 100a | 100a | 90a | 90a | 100a | 96 ± 2.7a | |||
| Hb-Prec-C | 90a | 10b | 0b | 0b | 0b | 20 ± 8.46b | |||