Crop type, species name, and cultivar for alleyway cover crops included in the Washington raspberry (Rubus idaeus) field study and Pratylenchus penetrans greenhouse host assays_
| Crop | Cultivar |
|---|---|
| Hard, red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) a | Norwest 553 |
| Soft, white winter wheat (T. aestivum) a | Rosalyn |
| Winter-hardy oat (Avena sativa) b | Nora |
| Winter-hardy oat (A. sativa) b | TAM 606 |
| Intermediate and tetraploid perennial ryegrass mix (Lolium hybridum, Lolium perenne) c | 51.25% Tetralite, 48.24% Kentaur |
| Perennial ryegrass mix (L. perenne) c | 43.93% Esquire, 31.44% TopHat 2, 22.49% Tetragreen |
| Triticale (Triticosecale sp.) d | Trical 103BB |
| Triticale (Triticosecale sp.) d | TriMark 099 |
| Cereal rye (Secale cereale) c | Common |
Pratylenchus penetrans population densities over a 2-yr period from raspberry (Rubus idaeus) roots adjacent to alleyways with annual and perennial cover crops in Lynden, WA_
| P. penetrans/g of raspberry root | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment a | Spring 2015 | Fall 2015 | Spring 2016 | Fall 2016 | ||||
| Till (industry standard) | 4,847 ± 1,639 b | 5,536 ± 1,185 | 3,286 ± 424 | 2,391 ± 566 | ||||
| Mow | 2,319 ± 1,254 | B c | 6,120 ± 986 | A | 2,277 ± 397 | B | 1,861 ± 178 | B |
| Cereal rye | 3,915 ± 1,257 | AB | 5,616 ± 744 | A | 1,799 ± 431 | B | 1,976 ± 432 | B |
| Oat ‘Nora’ | 2,372 ± 571 | 3,255 ± 1,850 | 2,211 ± 701 | 2,931 ± 689 | ||||
| Oat ‘Tam 606’ | 3,020 ± 863 | B | 5,750 ± 870 | A | 2,546 ± 521 | B | 4,462 ± 603 | AB |
| Triticale ‘Trical 103BB’ | 2,294 ± 780 | AB | 4,175 ± 862 | A | 4,037 ± 742 | A | 1,331 ± 568 | B |
| Triticale ‘TriMark 099’ | 5,005 ± 765 | 4,309 ± 1,137 | 2,703 ± 1,004 | 3,084 ± 595 | ||||
| Wheat ‘Norwest 553’ | 2,884 ± 555 | 4,879 ± 1,796 | 1,677 ± 580 | 2,516 ± 817 | ||||
| Wheat ‘Rosalyn’ | 2,596 ± 354 | AB | 4,320 ± 703 | A | 1,081 ± 217 | B | 2,919 ± 1,009 | AB |
| Grass mix 1 (perennial) | 5,112 ± 853 | A | 5,205 ± 1,126 | A | 2,192 ± 334 | B | 3,857 ± 846 | AB |
| Grass mix 2 (annual) | 3,176 ± 1,180 | 5,192 ± 1,796 | 4,298 ± 384 | 3,166 ± 1,658 | ||||
| Overall mean d | 3,432 | B | 4,941 | A | 2,555 | C | 2,796 | BC |
Pratylenchus penetrans population densities over a 2-yr period from cover crops roots in alleyways adjacent to raised beds of raspberry (Rubus idaeus) in Lynden, WA_
| P. penetrans/g of cover crop root | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment a | Spring 2015 | Fall 2015 | Spring 2016 | Fall 2016 | ||||
| Till (industry standard) | - | - | - | - | ||||
| Mow | - | - | - | - | ||||
| Cereal rye | 292 ± 280 b | 325 ± 286 | 220 ± 383 | 830 ± 554 | ||||
| Oat ‘Nora’ | 31 ± 31 | 253 ± 202 | 325 ± 251 | 378 ± 246 | ||||
| Oat ‘TAM 606’ | 187 ± 187 | 503 ± 498 | 84 ± 131 | 439 ± 263 | ||||
| Triticale ‘Trical 103BB’ | 68 ± 49 | 447 ± 443 | 12 ± 20 | 340 ± 335 | ||||
| Triticale ‘TriMark 099’ | 39 ± 39 | 39 ± 22 | 352 ± 632 | 77 ± 53 | ||||
| Wheat ‘Norwest 553’ | 297 ± 256 | 336 ± 329 | 371 ± 434 | 282 ± 195 | ||||
| Wheat ‘Rosalyn’ | 14 ± 14 | B c | 81 ± 38 | A | 94 ± 54 | 228 ± 90 | ||
| Grass mix 1 (perennial) | 0 | B | 5 ± 3 | B | 44 ± 43 | A | 8 ± 5 | B |
| Grass mix 2 (annual) | 88 ± 81 | 1 ± 1 | 341 ± 666 | 52 ± 50 | ||||
| Overall mean d | 108 | 221 | 205 | 293 | ||||
Host status of cover crops for Pratylenchus penetrans in greenhouse host assays conducted in Mount Vernon, WA_
| Treatment a | Host assay 3 | Host assay 4 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P. penetrans/g of root | Root weight (g) | RF b | P. penetrans/g of root | Root weight (g) | RF | |||||||
| Grass mix 1 | 108 ± 17 | b c | 8.19 ± 0.35 | a | 0.57 | b | 263 ± 50 | b | 10.60 ± 0.92 | a | 1.10 | b |
| Grass mix 2 | 62 ± 10 | c | 8.39 ± 0.33 | a | 0.50 | b | 123 ± 28 | c | 10.95 ± 0.43 | a | 0.50 | c |
| Raspberry ‘Meeker’ | 910 ± 165 | a | 2.08 ± 0.19 | b | 1.51 | a | 1,402 ± 309 | a | 2.31 ± 0.30 | b | 1.97 | a |