Control of Globodera spp. Using Brassica juncea Seed Meal and Seed Meal Extract

Rate (t/ha)	Trial 1	Trial 2
Rate (t/ha)	Hatch (%)^a
Nonamended	56.3 ± 3.5 a^b	56.7 ± 4.1 a
2.2	43.7 ± 3.1 a	33.9 ± 4.2 b
4.5	7.9 ± 5.2 b	32.9 ± 5.0 b
6.7	8.8 ± 2.1 b	14.2 ± 3.3 c
8.9	0.1 ± 0.2 b	0.1 ± 0.1 d

1a Percentage hatch was determined using a potato root diffusate hatching assay (Kroese et al., 2011).

2b Values ± standard errors are the average of six replicates. Values within a column followed by a common letter are not significantly different according to the Tukey–Kramer test (P < 0.05).

TABLE 2.

Effect of a 2-wk exposure to Brassica juncea seed meal on Globodera pallida reproduction on potato ‘Désirée’.

Rate (t/ha)	Trial 1	Trial 2
Rate (t/ha)	Cysts per pot
Nonamended	303.0 ± 82.0 a^a	234.0 ± 44.0 a
2.2	0.0 ± 0.0 b	0.0 ± 0.0 b
8.9	0.3 ± 0.3 b	0.0 ± 0.0 b

1a Values ± standard errors are the average of five replicates. Values within a column followed by a common letter are not significantly different according to the Tukey–Kramer test (P < 0.05).

TABLE 3.

Percentage change in Globodera ellingtonae egg densities and percentage hatch of eggs exposed to Brassica juncea (Bj) seed meal in the field at Powell Butte, OR.

Treatment	2013	2014		2015
Treatment	Reduction in egg number (%)^a	Hatch (%)	Reduction in egg numbers (%)	Hatch (%)	Reduction in egg numbers (%)
Bare ground	ND^b	74.3 ± 3.2 a^c	41.8 ± 12.8	65.2 ± 5.3 a	52.3 ± 7.4
Oats	68.1 ± 3.0	ND	58.3 ± 10.8	ND	ND
Bj seed meal 2.2 t/ha	86.7 ± 5.4	37.6 ± 4.9 b	59.4 ± 8.7	ND	ND
Bj seed meal 8.9 t/ha	77.7 ± 7.5	0.1 ± 0.1 c	48.3 ± 8.3	11.2 ± 9.1 b	56.1 ± 10.1

1a Reduction in egg numbers based on the initial egg population for each plot.

2b Not determined (ND).

3c Values ± standard errors are the average of three replicates. Values within a column followed by a common letter are not significantly different according to the Tukey–Kramer test (P < 0.05).

TABLE 4.

Hatch of Globodera ellingtonae after exposure to Brassica juncea seed meal and seed meal extract in a greenhouse trial.

Treatment	Trial 1	Trial 2
Treatment	Hatch (%)^a
Seed meal 2.2 t/ha	0 a^b	0 a
Seed meal extract 1.1 t/ha	1.0 ± 1.0 a	0a
Nonamended	73.2 ± 3.2 b	59.8 ± 4.2 b

1a Percentage hatch was determined using a potato root diffusate hatching assay (Kroese et al., 2011).

2b Values ± standard errors are the average of six replicates. Values within a column followed by a common letter are not significantly different according to the Tukey–Kramer test (P < 0.05).

TABLE 5.

Percentage hatch of Globodera pallida eggs after a 2-wk exposure to five rates of Brassica juncea seed meal extract, followed by a greenhouse bioassay to assess reproduction of exposed cysts on potato ‘Désirée’ for 16 wk.

Extract rate (t/ha)	Trial 1		Trial 2
Extract rate (t/ha)	Hatch (%)	Cysts per pot	Hatch (%)	Cysts per pot
Nonamended	70.0 ± 6.5 a^a	538.3 ± 62.6 a	9.6 ± 4.0 a	60.4 ± 26.8 a
1.1	1.0 ± 0.3 b	1.0 ± 0.8 b	0.8 ± 0.8 b	0.2 ± 0.2 b
2.2	1.8 ± 0.5 b	0.2 ± 0.2 b	0.6 ± 1.3 b	0 b
3.3	0.2 ± 0.2 b	0.0 ± 0.0 b	0.4 ± 0.5 b	0 b
4.5	0.2 ± 0.2 b	0.4 ± 0.4 b	0.2 ± 0.4 b	0 b

1a Values ± standard errors are the average of six replicates. Values within a column followed by a common letter are not significantly different according to the Tukey–Kramer test (P < 0.05).

TABLE 6.

Globodera pallida egg densities and percentage hatch of eggs exposed to Brassica juncea seed meal extract (4.5 t/ha) for 10 wk (2015) or 6 wk (2016) in Shelly, ID.

Treatment	2015		2016
Treatment	Eggs per cyst	Hatch (%)	Eggs per cyst	Hatch (%)
Bare soil	299 ± 20 a^a	ND^b	100 ± 29	19.0 ± 2.9 a
B. juncea extract	81 ± 14 b	ND	139 ± 16	1.9 ± 2.8 b
P value	0.001	-	0.15	0.001

1a Values ± standard errors are the average of six replicates. Values within a column followed by a common letter are not significantly different according to the Tukey–Kramer test (P < 0.05).

2b Not determined (ND).

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2017-093 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X

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Language: English

Page range: 437 - 445

Submitted on: Apr 8, 2017

Published online: Sep 26, 2018

Published in print: Jan 1, 2017

Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Keywords:

potato cyst nematode,

yellow mustard

Related subjects:

Life sciences,

Life sciences, other

© 2018 LOUISE-MARIE DANDURAND, MATT J. MORRA, INGA A. ZASADA, WENDY S. PHILLIPS, INNA POPOVA, COLE HARDER, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 49 (2017): Issue 4 (January 2017)