Coagulant Cost Optimization for Surface Water Coagulation Process

Coagulant	Aluminum(Al⁺³) %	Chlorides (Cl^-)	Alkalinity^*	pH	Density, 20°C	Price	Additives
	%	%	%	-	g/dm³	PLN/kgAl	-
C1; PAX16	8.2 ±0.2	19 ±2.0	37 ±5	1.0	1330	8.65	‐
C2; PAX XL19H	12.5 ±0.3	8.5 ±1	85 ±5	3.5	1340	15.20	–
C3; PAX XL3	5.3 ±0.3	13.0 ±2	70 ±5	2.5	1210	14.28	Na⁺ ions
C4; ALS	4.2 ±0.2	-	-	2.4	1310	10.86	–
C5; PAX XL10	5.0 ±0.2	11.5 ±1	70 ±10	2.5	1220		Na⁺, SO4^2-
C6; PAX 19F	8.5 ±0.3	5.5 ±0.5	85 ±5	4.0	1220		Al./Cl min. 1.6
C7; PAX 1910	10.5 ±0.5	6.0 ±0.5	85 ±5	4.0	1280
C8; FLOKOR 1,2A	12.0 ±0.5	6.5 ±0.5	85 ±5	4.2	1290		–
C9;FLOKOR 1ASW	9.0 ±0.5	5.0 ±0.5	85 ±5	3.8	1220	37.80	SO4^2-:0.8 0.5%
C10; FLOKOR 1.5A	9.0 ±0.5	5.5 ±0.5	75 ±5	4.2	1200

1* corresponds to degree of coagulant pre-hydrolization

Table 2.

Water parameter ranges before and after coagulation

	Temp. °C^***		pH		Alkalinity, val/m³		Tr, NTU		C, g Pt/m³		UV 254, m^-1		DOC, g C/m³		SUVA254, m²/g C
	T I	TII	T I	TII	T I	TII	T I	TII	T I	TII	T I	TII	T I	TII	T I	TII
RW^*	9	12	8.09	7.83	3.14	3	5.1	48.9	8.9	8.2	9.49	8.9	3.9	4.7	2.43	1.89
I Stage
C1	17.5-18.8	13.8-14.7	7.74-8.06	7.24-7.50	2.69-3.04	2.63-2.94	0.79-3.45	1.4-7.5	5.1-7.9	4.4-6.6	5.58-8.06	5.84-7.86	2.74-3.58	4.28-4.48	2.04-2.27	1.36-1.76
C2	15.2-16.0	14.1-14.8	7.98-8.10	7.68-7.75	3.00-3.02	2.92-2.95	2.09-4.48	3.0-8.5	5.8-7.8	3.8-6.1	5.82-7.95	4.71-7.20	2.53-3.28	3.53-4.58	1.97-2.54	1.33-1.57
C3	15.9-16.5	14.3-14.7	7.45-8.09	7.33-7.55	2.91-3.00	2.67-2.95	1.30-4.55	1.4-7.7	5.0-7.7	3.3-6.1	6.25-8.40	5.31-7.51	2.70-3.44	3.81-4.62	2.17-2.58	1.39-1.62
C4	13.6-16.1	13.3-14.0	7.38-7.91	7.15-7.52	2.87-3.06	2.47-2.93	1.07-6.10	2.3-9.8	4.6-6.3	3.7-6.1	5.62-7.95	5.47-7.66	2.70-3.44	4.34-4.61	2.08-2.31	1.26-1.63
C5	14.8-15.5	13.0-13.4	7.86-8.16	7.48-7.64	2.87-3.06	1.79-2.96	0.92-3.86	2.9-8.7	4.6-8.4	4.3-6.3	5.67-8.75	5.74-7.65	2.96-4.06	4.21-4.86	1.91-2.31	1.36-1.61
C6	14.4-15.3	12.2-13.4	8.12-8.21	7.61-7.78	2.93-3.05	2.88-2.97	0.81-2.52	3.1-6.9	4.9-8.4	4.1-6.7	6.01-8.64	5.17-7.63	2.74-5.88	3.75-4.56	1.03-2.59	1.38-1.67
C7	15.2-16.2	12.4-12.8	8.11-8.25	8.00-8.09	3.08-3.02	2.88-2.95	0.88-3.50	1.3-6.6	5.0-8.1	4.6-7.4	5.49-8.16	5.50-8.07	3.10-3.99	3.29-4.20	2.03-2.51	1.67-1.92
C8	11.3-13.2	13.8-14.8	7.84-8.25	7.93-8.00	2.94-3.03	2.92-2.98	1.96-3.31	4.4-9.0	6.4-8.7	5.0-7.7	6.23-8.49	5.83-8.35	3.10-3.99	3.71-4.35	1.93-2.17	1.56-1.92
C9	14.0-15.5	12.3-12.4	8.12-8.22	8.04-8.17	2.91-3.09	2.86-3.00	0.63-4.04	0.6-7.6	5.2-8.1	4.0-8.0	5.68-7.96	5.23-8.02	2.75-3.60	3.56-4.28	1.91-2.22	1.42-1.87
C10	10.1-11.5	11.3-11.6	8.11-8.22	8.06-8.17	2.93-3.14	2.88-2.94	2.24-3.44	3.8-7.9	5.4-7.2	4.7-7.1	5.68-7.63	5.50-7.86	2.97-3.61	3.59-4.42	1.91-2.11	1.53-1.82
II Stage
C1**	11.6-12.8	-	7.71-7.76	-	2.81-3.00	-	0.67-1.99	-	6.0-7.9	-	6.64-7.95	-	3.08-3.72	-	2.14-2.35	-
C2	11.2-14.4	14.0-15.7	8.00-8.14	7.67-7.78	3.02-3.10	2.74-2.85	0.87-2.57	1.1-3.8	5.5-6.9	5.6-6.4	6.10-6.92	6.65-7.40	2.96-3.27	4.00-4.33	2.06-2.28	1.63-1.73
C3	10.6-12.6	15.9-16.1	7.87-7.97	7.47-7.62	2.81-2.98	2.53-2.68	0.52-1.96	0.9-4.0	5.0-7.7	5.2-6.4	6.19-7.93	6.22-7.43	2.91-3.40	3.81-4.33	2.13-2.41	1.54-1.72
C4	12.5-13.5	16.6-17.4	7.45-7.78	7.94-8.02	2.58-2.91	2.90-2.93	0.90-2.08	1.9-5.0	4.8-5.4	5.8-6.5	6.12-6.75	6.29-7.01	2.96-3.18	3.86-4.16	2.07-2.22	1.61-1.71
C9	-	13.5-14.7	-	7.89-8.03	-	2.92-2.99	-	2.0-5.1	-	4.9-6.4	-	5.83-7.00	-	3.74-4.13	-	1.56-1.70

1* RW-raw water; TI; TII- first test; second test

2** Raw water temperature before thermostatizing, and after sedimentation in thermostatic conditions

Ranges and average turbidity reduction efficiency

Ranges and average DOC removal efficiency

Relationship between UV₂₅₄ removal effectiveness and DOC removal

Table 3.

Ranges of unit effectivenesses

Parameter	Unit	First test				Second test
		C1	C2	C3	C4	C2	C3	C4	C9
C	%/gAl/m³	6.6-10.8	10.1-17.8	7.0-11.8	11.0-17.8	7.2-8.8	7.0-8.8	8.2-9.2	6.6-8.7
Tr	%/gAl/m³	25.4-31.9	14.6-43.9	22.4-25.8	13.3-30.5	20.0-35.8	19.7-36.9	19.9-34.8	19.6-34.7
DOC	%/gAl/m³	2.4-6.1	6.7-8.7	4.4-6.6	5.3-8.2	3.7-4.9	2.4-4.1	2.8-4.2	4.0-4.6
UV₂₅₄	%/gAl/m³	5.4-8.8	9.8-15.3	6.1-8.7	7.9-11.9	7.2-8.6	5.7-6.8	6.5-7.1	6.6-8.6

Unit organic substance removal efficiency in the second stage of the study (doses test I: 1.8; 2.3; 2.7; 3.0; 3.5; 4.5 g Al/m³; test II: 2.5; 3.0; 3.3; 3.6; 3.9; 4.5 g Al/m³)

Table 4.

Comparison of effectiveness and coagulation process cost for chosen coagulants (at optimal dosages; red color marks greatest values)

coagulant	C, %/g Al/m³		DOC, %/g Al/m³		UV254, %/gAl,m³		M, %/g Al/m³		Cost, PLN/ 1000m³
	T I	T II	T I	T II	T I	T II	T I	T II	T I	T II
C1	9.0	-	3.2	-	7.3	-	29.2	-	21.00	-
C2	17.3	8.2	8.7	4.7	14.1	8.1	35.7	29.1	39.98	50.01
C3	8.0	8.1	4.4	3.0	6.5	6.3	23.5	29.2	39.99	40.10
C4	14.2	8.8	7.4	3.5	9.7	6.8	23.5	24.6	29.89^*	40.07
C9	-	7.5	-	4.0	-	7.6	-	26.5	-	121.00

1* Cost takes into account binding of aggressive carbon dioxide

References

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/acee-2018-048 | Journal eISSN: 2720-6947 (formerly 1899-0142) | Journal ISSN: 1899-0142

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Language: English

Page range: 153 - 161

Submitted on: Jul 15, 2017

Accepted on: Jun 27, 2018

Published on: Apr 4, 2019

Published by: Silesian University of Technology

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

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© 2019 Małgorzata WOLSKA, Marek MOŁCZAN, Anna SOLIPIWKO-PIEŚCIK, Halina URBAŃSKA-KOZŁOWSKA, published by Silesian University of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 11 (2018): Issue 3 (September 2018)

Coagulant Cost Optimization for Surface Water Coagulation Process

Figures & Tables

Table 1.

Table 2.

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Table 3.

Figure 4.

Table 4.

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