Coagulant Cost Optimization for Surface Water Coagulation Process

Małgorzata WOLSKA; Marek MOŁCZAN; Anna SOLIPIWKO-PIEŚCIK; Halina URBAŃSKA-KOZŁOWSKA

doi:10.21307/acee-2018-048

Figures & Tables

Ranges and average turbidity reduction efficiency

Ranges and average DOC removal efficiency

Relationship between UV254 removal effectiveness and DOC removal

Unit organic substance removal efficiency in the second stage of the study (doses test I: 1.8; 2.3; 2.7; 3.0; 3.5; 4.5 g Al/m3; test II: 2.5; 3.0; 3.3; 3.6; 3.9; 4.5 g Al/m3)

Water parameter ranges before and after coagulation

	Temp. °C***		pH		Alkalinity, val/m³		Tr, NTU		C, g Pt/m³		UV 254, m^-1		DOC, g C/m³		SUVA254, m²/g C
	T I	TII	T I	TII	T I	TII	T I	TII	T I	TII	T I	TII	T I	TII	T I	TII
RW*	9	12	8.09	7.83	3.14	3	5.1	48.9	8.9	8.2	9.49	8.9	3.9	4.7	2.43	1.89
I Stage
C1	17.5-18.8	13.8-14.7	7.74-8.06	7.24-7.50	2.69-3.04	2.63-2.94	0.79-3.45	1.4-7.5	5.1-7.9	4.4-6.6	5.58-8.06	5.84-7.86	2.74-3.58	4.28-4.48	2.04-2.27	1.36-1.76
C2	15.2-16.0	14.1-14.8	7.98-8.10	7.68-7.75	3.00-3.02	2.92-2.95	2.09-4.48	3.0-8.5	5.8-7.8	3.8-6.1	5.82-7.95	4.71-7.20	2.53-3.28	3.53-4.58	1.97-2.54	1.33-1.57
C3	15.9-16.5	14.3-14.7	7.45-8.09	7.33-7.55	2.91-3.00	2.67-2.95	1.30-4.55	1.4-7.7	5.0-7.7	3.3-6.1	6.25-8.40	5.31-7.51	2.70-3.44	3.81-4.62	2.17-2.58	1.39-1.62
C4	13.6-16.1	13.3-14.0	7.38-7.91	7.15-7.52	2.87-3.06	2.47-2.93	1.07-6.10	2.3-9.8	4.6-6.3	3.7-6.1	5.62-7.95	5.47-7.66	2.70-3.44	4.34-4.61	2.08-2.31	1.26-1.63
C5	14.8-15.5	13.0-13.4	7.86-8.16	7.48-7.64	2.87-3.06	1.79-2.96	0.92-3.86	2.9-8.7	4.6-8.4	4.3-6.3	5.67-8.75	5.74-7.65	2.96-4.06	4.21-4.86	1.91-2.31	1.36-1.61
C6	14.4-15.3	12.2-13.4	8.12-8.21	7.61-7.78	2.93-3.05	2.88-2.97	0.81-2.52	3.1-6.9	4.9-8.4	4.1-6.7	6.01-8.64	5.17-7.63	2.74-5.88	3.75-4.56	1.03-2.59	1.38-1.67
C7	15.2-16.2	12.4-12.8	8.11-8.25	8.00-8.09	3.08-3.02	2.88-2.95	0.88-3.50	1.3-6.6	5.0-8.1	4.6-7.4	5.49-8.16	5.50-8.07	3.10-3.99	3.29-4.20	2.03-2.51	1.67-1.92
C8	11.3-13.2	13.8-14.8	7.84-8.25	7.93-8.00	2.94-3.03	2.92-2.98	1.96-3.31	4.4-9.0	6.4-8.7	5.0-7.7	6.23-8.49	5.83-8.35	3.10-3.99	3.71-4.35	1.93-2.17	1.56-1.92
C9	14.0-15.5	12.3-12.4	8.12-8.22	8.04-8.17	2.91-3.09	2.86-3.00	0.63-4.04	0.6-7.6	5.2-8.1	4.0-8.0	5.68-7.96	5.23-8.02	2.75-3.60	3.56-4.28	1.91-2.22	1.42-1.87
C10	10.1-11.5	11.3-11.6	8.11-8.22	8.06-8.17	2.93-3.14	2.88-2.94	2.24-3.44	3.8-7.9	5.4-7.2	4.7-7.1	5.68-7.63	5.50-7.86	2.97-3.61	3.59-4.42	1.91-2.11	1.53-1.82
II Stage
C1**	11.6-12.8	-	7.71-7.76	-	2.81-3.00	-	0.67-1.99	-	6.0-7.9	-	6.64-7.95	-	3.08-3.72	-	2.14-2.35	-
C2	11.2-14.4	14.0-15.7	8.00-8.14	7.67-7.78	3.02-3.10	2.74-2.85	0.87-2.57	1.1-3.8	5.5-6.9	5.6-6.4	6.10-6.92	6.65-7.40	2.96-3.27	4.00-4.33	2.06-2.28	1.63-1.73
C3	10.6-12.6	15.9-16.1	7.87-7.97	7.47-7.62	2.81-2.98	2.53-2.68	0.52-1.96	0.9-4.0	5.0-7.7	5.2-6.4	6.19-7.93	6.22-7.43	2.91-3.40	3.81-4.33	2.13-2.41	1.54-1.72
C4	12.5-13.5	16.6-17.4	7.45-7.78	7.94-8.02	2.58-2.91	2.90-2.93	0.90-2.08	1.9-5.0	4.8-5.4	5.8-6.5	6.12-6.75	6.29-7.01	2.96-3.18	3.86-4.16	2.07-2.22	1.61-1.71
C9	-	13.5-14.7	-	7.89-8.03	-	2.92-2.99	-	2.0-5.1	-	4.9-6.4	-	5.83-7.00	-	3.74-4.13	-	1.56-1.70

Comparison of effectiveness and coagulation process cost for chosen coagulants (at optimal dosages; red color marks greatest values)

coagulant	C, %/g Al/m³		DOC, %/g Al/m³		UV254, %/gAl,m³		M, %/g Al/m³		Cost, PLN/ 1000m³
	T I	T II	T I	T II	T I	T II	T I	T II	T I	T II
C1	9.0	-	3.2	-	7.3	-	29.2	-	21.00	-
C2	17.3	8.2	8.7	4.7	14.1	8.1	35.7	29.1	39.98	50.01
C3	8.0	8.1	4.4	3.0	6.5	6.3	23.5	29.2	39.99	40.10
C4	14.2	8.8	7.4	3.5	9.7	6.8	23.5	24.6	29.89*	40.07
C9	-	7.5	-	4.0	-	7.6	-	26.5	-	121.00

Characteristics of used coagulants

Coagulant	Aluminum(Al⁺³) %	Chlorides (Cl^-)	Alkalinity*	pH	Density, 20°C	Price	Additives
	%	%	%	-	g/dm³	PLN/kgAl	-
C1; PAX16	8.2 ±0.2	19 ±2.0	37 ±5	1.0	1330	8.65	‐
C2; PAX XL19H	12.5 ±0.3	8.5 ±1	85 ±5	3.5	1340	15.20	–
C3; PAX XL3	5.3 ±0.3	13.0 ±2	70 ±5	2.5	1210	14.28	Na⁺ ions
C4; ALS	4.2 ±0.2	-	-	2.4	1310	10.86	–
C5; PAX XL10	5.0 ±0.2	11.5 ±1	70 ±10	2.5	1220		Na⁺, SO4^2-
C6; PAX 19F	8.5 ±0.3	5.5 ±0.5	85 ±5	4.0	1220		Al./Cl min. 1.6
C7; PAX 1910	10.5 ±0.5	6.0 ±0.5	85 ±5	4.0	1280
C8; FLOKOR 1,2A	12.0 ±0.5	6.5 ±0.5	85 ±5	4.2	1290		–
C9;FLOKOR 1ASW	9.0 ±0.5	5.0 ±0.5	85 ±5	3.8	1220	37.80	SO4^2-:0.8 0.5%
C10; FLOKOR 1.5A	9.0 ±0.5	5.5 ±0.5	75 ±5	4.2	1200

Ranges of unit effectivenesses

Parameter	Unit	First test				Second test
		C1	C2	C3	C4	C2	C3	C4	C9
C	%/gAl/m³	6.6-10.8	10.1-17.8	7.0-11.8	11.0-17.8	7.2-8.8	7.0-8.8	8.2-9.2	6.6-8.7
Tr	%/gAl/m³	25.4-31.9	14.6-43.9	22.4-25.8	13.3-30.5	20.0-35.8	19.7-36.9	19.9-34.8	19.6-34.7
DOC	%/gAl/m³	2.4-6.1	6.7-8.7	4.4-6.6	5.3-8.2	3.7-4.9	2.4-4.1	2.8-4.2	4.0-4.6
UV₂₅₄	%/gAl/m³	5.4-8.8	9.8-15.3	6.1-8.7	7.9-11.9	7.2-8.6	5.7-6.8	6.5-7.1	6.6-8.6

Coagulant Cost Optimization for Surface Water Coagulation Process

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Water parameter ranges before and after coagulation

Comparison of effectiveness and coagulation process cost for chosen coagulants (at optimal dosages; red color marks greatest values)

Characteristics of used coagulants

Ranges of unit effectivenesses

Paradigm

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