Partitions and the Flow of Smoke in Large Volume Buildings

Wojciech WĘGRZYŃSKI

doi:10.21307/acee-2018-016

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Partitions and the Flow of Smoke in Large Volume Buildings

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment

Volume 11 (2018): Issue 1 (March 2018)

By: Wojciech WĘGRZYŃSKI

Open Access

|Apr 2019

Figures & Tables

b	Balcony depth [m]
C_d	Downstand coefficient [-]
C_e	Compartment size coefficient [-]
d, d_w	Smoke layer depth [m]
g	Gavity [N/kg]
h_b	Height of the balcony [m]
h_o	Height of the opening [m]
Θ	Smoke temperature (growth) [K]
ρ₀	Ambient air density [kg/m³]
m_w , m_o	Mass flow of smoke at opening [kg/s]
σ	Lumped coefficient equal to 2 [-]
P	Perimeter of fire [m]
${\dot{Q}}_{c}$	Convecive heat release rate of the fire [kW]
${\dot{Q}}_{t}$	Total heat release rate of the fire [kW]
T_a	Ambient temperature [K]
Y,	Height from the floor, to the bottom of
z_s	smoke layer [m]
W_o	Width of the opening [m]

The flow of smoke in an undisturbed smoke plume (a) and plume disturbed by a partition of a building – mezzanine (b)

Different approaches for smoke control in a shopping mall (own work)

The flow of smoke out of a compartment (a) and underneath a projecting balcony (b)

The difference between a flow through an opening with a downstand (a), and without a downstand (b), source: own work

Froude-number scale modeling (a) and CFD study (b) on a smoke flow through an opening

Development of the measurement plane used to estimate the mass flow at the proximity of the investigated partition

1/10th physical scale model with variable width and height of the opening

Visual comparison of scale (left) and numerical (right) analysis of a smoke flow through compartment with dimensions 8 x 3.50 m

The mass flow of smoke with changing width of the opening, for various heights of the opening, at HRR = 2.50 MW

The mass flow of smoke with changing width of the opening, for various heights of the opening, at HRR = 5.00 MW

Mass density of the smoke at the height of 2.00 m above the floor, for various sizes of the opening, at steady-state conditions in the compartment, 2.50 MW fire

Temperature of the smoke at the height of 2.00 m above the floor, for various sizes of the opening, at steady-state conditions in the compartment, 2.50 MW fire

Mass density of the smoke at the height of 2.00 m above the floor, for various sizes of the opening, at steady-state conditions in the compartment, 5.00 MW fire

Temperature of the smoke at the height of 2.00 m above the floor, for various sizes of the opening, at steady-state conditions in the compartment, 5.00 MW fire

Table 1.

The increase of mass flow of smoke at the edge of the balcony and at the exit of the room (M_b/M_o), as function of height and width of the opening and for two different HRR’s, balcony depth = 2.00 m

Height [m]	Width [m]
Height [m]	2.00	4.00	6.00	8.00	10.00	12.00	14.00	16.00
HRR – 2.50 MW
2.5	3.04	2.40	2.11	1.89	1.74	1.73	1.69	1.73
3.0	2.20	2.02	1.76	1.63	1.57	1.57	1.57	1.61
3.5	2.21	1.70	1.53	1.32	1.42	1.42	1.45	1.48
4.0	1.87	1.60	1.38	1.33	1.30	1.29	1.29	1.32
4.5	1.68	1.38	1.22	1.22	1.20	1.20	1.32	1.16
5.0	1.54	1.25	1.16	1.11	1.08	1.06	1.06	1.06
HRR – 5.00 MW
2.5	4.67	3.29	2.70	2.38	2.21	2.39	2.02	1.99
3.0	2.96	2.14	1.83	1.51	1.58	1.50	1.46	1.43
4.0	2.49	1.88	1.63	1.51	1.43	1.36	1.32	1.31
4.5	2.21	1.68	1.48	1.37	1.29	1.23	1.22	1.20
5.0	1.97	1.50	1.33	1.23	1.19	1.15	1.16	1.15

Table 2.

Height [m]	Width [m]
Height [m]	2.00	4.00	6.00	8.00	10.00	12.00	14.00	16.00
HRR – 2.50 MW
2.5	4.34	3.38	2.76	2.36	2.10	2.00	1.87	1.89
3.0	3.24	2.79	2.33	2.09	1.94	1.87	1.82	1.81
3.5	3.24	2.31	1.98	1.63	1.74	1.69	1.69	1.69
4.0	2.73	2.10	1.74	1.62	1.55	1.51	1.49	1.48
4.5	2.40	1.79	1.47	1.47	1.40	1.36	1.52	1.28
5.0	2.18	1.62	1.41	1.29	1.24	1.19	1.18	1.16
HRR – 5.00 MW
2.5	7.05	4.67	3.66	3.12	2.77	2.91	2.39	2.27
3.0	4.48	2.98	2.43	1.86	1.98	1.83	1.76	1.68
4.0	3.71	2.53	2.07	1.86	1.72	1.60	1.55	1.48
4.5	3.18	2.20	1.81	1.62	1.52	1.42	1.36	1.33
5.0	2.81	1.94	1.62	1.43	1.35	1.29	1.26	1.24

Table 3.

Height [m]	Width [m]
Height [m]	2.00	4.00	6.00	8.00	10.00	12.00	14.00	16.00
HRR – 2.50 MW
2.5	6.76	4.45	3.46	2.90	2.51	2.45	2.35	2.30
3.0	4.48	3.64	2.91	2.53	2.31	2.19	2.10	2.09
3.5	4.48	3.02	2.49	1.95	2.04	1.96	1.93	1.93
4.0	3.74	2.75	2.18	1.96	1.82	1.75	1.70	1.70
4.5	3.27	2.31	1.77	1.77	1.65	1.57	1.73	1.43
5.0	2.94	2.09	1.76	1.58	1.47	1.38	1.34	1.32
HRR – 5.00 MW
2.5	7.05	4.67	3.66	3.12	2.77	2.91	2.39	2.27
3.0	4.48	2.98	2.43	1.86	1.98	1.83	1.76	1.68
4.0	3.71	2.53	2.07	1.86	1.72	1.60	1.55	1.48
4.5	3.18	2.20	1.81	1.62	1.52	1.42	1.36	1.33
5.0	2.81	1.94	1.62	1.43	1.35	1.29	1.26	1.24

Table 4.

Height [m]	Width [m]
Height [m]	2.00	4.00	6.00	8.00	10.00	12.00	14.00	16.00
HRR – 2.50 MW
2.5	7.71	5.29	4.16	3.50	3.04	2.86	2.66	2.53
3.0	5.45	4.39	3.51	3.06	2.74	2.59	2.46	2.48
3.5	5.45	3.73	2.98	2.34	2.43	2.32	2.26	2.25
4.0	4.67	3.42	2.65	2.34	2.16	2.06	1.99	1.99
4.5	4.13	2.90	2.12	2.12	1.98	1.87	2.04	1.67
5.0	3.78	2.67	2.16	1.95	1.80	1.67	1.61	1.56
HRR – 5.00 MW
2.5	12.35	7.70	5.69	4.76	4.11	4.17	3.23	2.94
3.0	8.33	5.01	3.78	2.66	2.78	2.50	2.30	2.10
4.0	6.98	4.21	3.18	2.66	2.38	2.17	2.01	1.83
4.5	5.88	3.60	2.77	2.32	2.11	1.93	1.78	1.64
5.0	5.15	3.23	2.53	2.11	1.94	1.81	1.67	1.57

References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/acee-2018-016 | Journal eISSN: 2720-6947 (formerly 1899-0142) | Journal ISSN: 1899-0142

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Language: English

Page range: 155 - 164

Submitted on: Aug 18, 2017

Accepted on: Oct 10, 2017

Published on: Apr 1, 2019

Published by: Silesian University of Technology

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

Atria,

Fire,

Performance-based engineering,

SHEVS,

Smoke control

Related subjects:

Architecture and design,

Architecture,

Architects, buildings

© 2019 Wojciech WĘGRZYŃSKI, published by Silesian University of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 11 (2018): Issue 1 (March 2018)

Partitions and the Flow of Smoke in Large Volume Buildings

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

Figure 8.

Figure 9.

Figure 10.

Figure 11.

Figure 12.

Figure 13.

Figure 14.

Figure 15.

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Paradigm

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