Understanding Engineering Identity Experiences for Asian American Women in Higher Education
References
- American Society for Engineering Education. (2021). Profiles of Engineering and Engineering Technology. American Society of Engineering Education.
- Carlone, H. B., & Johnson, A. (2007). Understanding the science experiences of successful women of color: Science identity as an analytic lens. Journal of Research in Science Teaching: The Official Journal of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, 44(8), 1187–1218. 10.1002/tea.20237
- Casad, B. J., Petzel, Z. W., & Ingalls, E. A. (2019). A model of threatening academic environments predicts women STEM majors’ self-esteem and engagement in STEM. Sex Roles, 80(7/8),
469 . 10.1007/s11199-018-0942-4 - Castro, A. R., & Collins, C. S. (2021). Asian American women in STEM in the lab with “White Men Named John.” Science Education (Salem, Mass.), 105(1), 33–61. 10.1002/sce.21598
- Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 42(6), 1241–1299. 10.2307/1229039
- Dasgupta, N., & Stout, J. G. (2014). Girls and women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics: STEMing the tide and broadening participation in STEM careers. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1(1), 21–29. 10.1177/2372732214549471
- Dunst, C. J., & Raab, M. (2012).
Interest-based child participation in everyday learning activities . Encyclopedia Science Learn. 1621–1623. Boston, MA: Springer. 10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_1779 - Eleno-Orama, M. R., & Ross, D. B. (2019).
Southeast Asian and Pacific Islander Students in STEM Programs . In K. Arar (Ed.), Higher education challenges for migrant and refugee students in a global world (pp. 265–281). Peter Lang. - Geisinger, B. N., & Raman, D. R. (2013). Why they leave: Understanding student attrition from engineering majors. International Journal of Engineering Education, 29(4), 914–925.
- Godwin, A., Potvin, G., Hazari, Z., & Lock, R. (2013). Understanding engineering identity through structural equation modeling. Frontiers in Education Conference, Oklahoma City, OK. 10.1109/FIE.2013.6684787
- Hart, J. (2016). Dissecting a gendered organization: Implications for career trajectories for mid-career faculty women in STEM. The Journal of Higher Education, 87(5), 605–634. 10.1080/00221546.2016.11777416
- Hune, S. (2002). Demographics and diversity of Asian American college students. New Directions for Student Services, 2002(97), 11–20. 10.1002/ss.35
- Hune, S. (2011).
Asian American women faculty and the contested space of the classroom: Navigating student resistance and (re) claiming authority and their rightful place . In G. Jean-Marie & B. Lloyd Jones (Eds), Women of color in higher education: Turbulent past, promising future. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. 10.1108/S1479-3644(2011)0000009019 - Hune, S., Chan, K. S., Carter, D. J., & Wilson, R. (1996). Minorities in higher education: 15th Annual status report. Asian Pacific American demographic and education trends, 39–67.
- Hurtado, S., Newman, C. B., Tran, M. C., & Chang, M. J. (2010). Improving the rate of success for underrepresented racial minorities in STEM fields: Insights from a national project. New Directions for Institutional Research, 2010(148), 5–15. 10.1002/ir.357
- Iftikar, J. S., & Museus, S. D. (2018). On the utility of Asian critical (AsianCrit) theory in the field of education. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 31(10), 935–949. 10.1080/09518398.2018.1522008
- Ing, M., & Victorino, C. (2016). Differences in classroom engagement of Asian American Engineering Students: Classroom Engagement and Asian American Students. Journal of Engineering Education, 105(3), 431–451. 10.1002/jee.20126
- Inman, A. G. (2006). South Asian women: Identities and conflicts. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 12(2), 306–319. 10.1037/1099-9809.12.2.306
- Johnson, D. R. (2012). Campus racial climate perceptions and overall sense of belonging among racially diverse women in STEM majors. Journal of College Student Development, 53(2), 336–346. 10.1353/csd.2012.0028
- Kang, C., Jo, H., Han, S. W., & Weis, L. (2021). Complexifying Asian American student pathways to STEM majors: Differences by ethnic subgroups and college selectivity. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 16(2), 215–225. 10.1037/dhe0000326
- Kang, H., Calabrese Barton, A., Tan, E., Simpkins, S. D., Rhee, H.-Y., & Turner, C. (2019). How do middle school girls of color develop STEM identities? Middle school girls’ participation in science activities and identification with STEM careers. Science Education, 103(2), 418–439. 10.1002/sce.21492
- Kim, A., & Yeh, C. J. (2002). Stereotypes of Asian American Students. ERIC Digest.
- Kim, C., & Zhao, Y. (2014). Are Asian American women advantaged? Labor market performance of college educated female workers. Social Forces, 93(2), 623–652. 10.1093/sf/sou076
- Kim, V., Alcantar, C. M., & Teranishi, R. T. (2022). The AANAPISI-funded STEM program: An institutional response to the needs of Asian American community college students. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 1–15. 10.1080/10668926.2022.2056548
- Koo, K. (2021).
Distressed in a foreign country: Mental health and well-being among international students in the United States during COVID-19 . In Impacts of COVID-19 on international students and the future of student mobility (pp. 28–41). Routledge. - Koo, K. K., & Nyunt, G. (2022). Mom, Asian International Student, Doctoral Student, and In-Between: Exploring Asian International Doctoral Student Mothers’ Mental Well-Being. Journal of College Student Development, 63(4), 414–431. 10.1353/csd.2022.0035
- Lau, M. A., Bishop, S. R., Segal, Z. V., Buis, T., Anderson, N. D., Carlson, L., … & Devins, G. (2006). The Toronto mindfulness scale: Development and validation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(12), 1445–1467. 10.1002/jclp.20326
- Le, T., & Gardner, S. K. (2010). Understanding the doctoral experience of Asian international students in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields: An exploration of one institutional context. Journal of College Student Development, 51(3), 252–264. 10.1353/csd.0.0127
- Lee, S. J. (2015). Unraveling the “model minority” stereotype: Listening to Asian American youth. Teachers College Press.
- Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (1994). Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 45(1), 79–122. 10.1006/jvbe.1994.1027
- Lewis, J. A., & Grzanka, P. R. (2016).
Applying intersectionality theory to research on perceived racism . In A. N. Alvarez, C. T. H. Liang, & H. A. Neville (Eds.), The cost of racism for people of color: Contextualizing experiences of discrimination (pp. 31–54). American Psychological Association. 10.1037/14852-003 - Li, S., Rincon, R., & Williams, J. C. (2017, June). Climate control: Gender and racial bias in engineering? Paper presented at 2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition. Columbus, Ohio. 10.18260/1-2--28038
- Liu, A. (2009). Critical race theory, Asian Americans, and higher education: A review of research. InterActions: UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies, 5(2). 10.5070/D452000655
- Mac, J., Yi, V., Na, V. S., Thaviseth, L. J., Phommasa, M., & Pheng, L. M. (2021). The SEAAster Scholars Collective. Journal of Southeast Asian American Education & Advancement, 16(1), 1–13. 10.7771/2153-8999.1233
- Mannon, S. E., & Schreuders, P. D. (2007). All in the (engineering) family? The family occupational background of men and women engineering students. Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering, 13(4), 333–351. 10.1615/JWomenMinorScienEng.v13.i4.20
- Marra, R. M., Rodgers, K. A., Shen, D., & Bogue, B. (2009). Women engineering students and self-efficacy: A multi-year, multi-institution study of women engineering student self-efficacy. Journal of Engineering Education. 98(1), 27–38. 10.1002/j.2168-9830.2009.tb01003.x
- Mau, W.-C. (2003). Factors that influence persistence in science and engineering career aspirations. Career Dev Quarterly, 51(3), 234–243. 10.1002/j.2161-0045.2003.tb00604.x
- McGee, E. O., Thakore, B. K., & LaBlance, S. S. (2017). The burden of being “model”: Racialized experiences of Asian STEM college students. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 10(3), 253–270. 10.1037/dhe0000022
- Meyer, M., & Marx, S. (2014). Engineering dropouts: A qualitative examination of why undergraduates leave engineering. Journal of Engineering Education, 103(4), 525–548. 10.1002/jee.20054
- Monte, L. M., & Shin, H. B. (2022, July 25). Broad Diversity of Asian, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander Population. US Census Bureau.
https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2022/05/aanhpi-population-diverse-geographically-dispersed.html#:~:text=originated%20in%20Asia.-,Race,in%20combination%20with%20another%20race - Moradi, B., & Grzanka, P. R. (2017). Using intersectionality responsibly: Toward critical epistemology, structural analysis, and social justice activism. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 64, 500–513. 10.1037/cou0000203
- Moses, M. S., Maeda, D. J., & Paguyo, C. H. (2019). Racial politics, resentment, and affirmative action: Asian Americans as “model” college applicants. The Journal of Higher Education, 90(1), 1–26. 10.1080/00221546.2018.1441110
- Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. Sage. 10.4135/9781412995658
- Museus, S. D. (2013). Asian American students in higher education. Routledge. 10.4324/9780203753002
- Museus, S. D., & Griffin, K. A. (2011). Mapping the margins in higher education: On the promise of intersectionality frameworks in research and discourse. New Directions for Institutional Research, 2011(151), 5–13. 10.1002/ir.395
- Museus, S. D., & Kiang, P. N. (2009). Deconstructing the model minority myth and how it contributes to the invisible minority reality in higher education research. New Directions for Institutional Research, 2009(142), 5–15. 10.1002/ir.292
- Museus, S. D., & Maramba, D. C. (2011). The impact of culture on Filipino American students’ sense of belonging. The Review of Higher Education, 34(2), 231–258. 10.1353/rhe.2010.0022
- Museus, S. D., & Park, J. J. (2015). The continuing significance of racism in the lives of Asian American college students. Journal of College Student Development, 56(6), 551–569. 10.1353/csd.2015.0059
- Nakayama, T. K. (1988). “Model minority” and the media: Discourse on Asian America. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 12(1), 65–73. 10.1177/019685998801200106
- National Commission on Asian American and Pacific Islander Research in Education (CARE). (2008). Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders: Facts, Not Fiction: Setting the Record Straight. The College Board.
- National Science Foundation. (2021, January 8). NSF scholarships in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (S-STEM). Retrieved January 14, 2021, from:
https://www.nsf.gov/publications/pub_summ.jsp?ods_key=nsf21550 - Omi, M., Nguyen, M. H., & Chan, J. (2020).
Panethnicity and ethnic heterogenity: The politics of lumping and disaggregating Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in educational policy . In R. T. Teranishi, B. M. D. Nguyen, C. M. Alcantar, & E. R. Curammeng (Eds.), Measuring race: Why disaggregating data matters for addressing educational inequality (pp. 46–66). Teachers College Press. - Ong, J., Ong, E., & Ong, P. (2016). The Future of Asian America in 2040. AAPI Nexus: Policy, Practice and Community, 14(1), 14–29. 10.17953/nx.014.01.14
- Ong, M., Wright, C., Espinosa, L., & Orfield, G. (2011). Inside the double bind: A synthesis of empirical research on undergraduate and graduate women of color in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Harvard Educational Review, 81, 172–209. 10.17763/haer.81.2.t022245n7x4752v2
- Osajima, K. (2003). Thinking about Asian Americans. Educational Researcher, 32(1), 38–42. 10.3102/0013189X032001038
- Park, Y. S., Vo, L. P., & Tsong, Y. (2009). Family affection as a protective factor against the negative effects of perceived Asian values gap on the parent-child relationship for Asian American male and female college students. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 15(1), 18–26. 10.1037/a0013378
- Patel, S. G. (2008). Well-being and negative mood of South Asian American college students: Contributions of attachment, acculturation, and racial identity (Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park).
- Pettersen, W. (1966, January 9). Success Story, Japanese-American Style. The New York Times.
- Phan, T., & Tylka, T. L. (2006). Exploring a model and moderators of disordered eating with Asian American college women. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(1),
36 . 10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.36 - Pierrakos, O., Beam, T. K., Constantz, J., Johri, A., & Anderson, R. (2009). On the development of a professional identity: Engineering persisters vs. engineering switchers. Proceedings of the 39th Frontiers in Education Conference, San Antonio, TX. 10.1109/FIE.2009.5350571
- Poon, O. A., Ong, P. M., Lee, C. A., Shek, Y. L., & Tran, L. D. (2009). Asian Americans in Public Contracting: Policy and Analytical Challenges.
- Poon, O., Squire, D., Kodama, C., Byrd, A., Chan, J., Manzano, L., Furr, S., & Bishundat, D. (2016). A critical review of the model minority myth in selected literature on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in higher education. Review of Educational Research, 86(2), 469–502. 10.3102/0034654315612205
- Qiu, T., Fu, S., Yeom, E. Y., & Hong, J. H. (2023). “I feel your fear”: (Counter)stories of East Asian international doctoral students about awakening, resistance, and healing. Equity & Excellence in Education, 56(1–2), 240–254. 10.1080/10665684.2023.2174211
- Ro, H. K., & Kim, S. (2019). College experiences and learning outcomes of women of color engineering students in the United States. International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 11(1).
- Rodriguez, S., Cunningham, K., & Jordan, A. (2019a). STEM identity development for Latinas: The role of self-and outside recognition. Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 18(3), 254–272. 10.1177/1538192717739958
- Rodriguez, S. L., & Blaney, J. M. (2021). “We’re the unicorns in STEM”: Understanding how academic and social experiences influence sense of belonging for Latina undergraduate students. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 14(3),
441 . 10.1037/dhe0000176 - Rodriguez, S. L., Cunningham, K., & Jordan, A. (2017). What a scientist looks like: How community colleges can utilize and enhance science identity development as a means to improve success for women of color. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 41(4–5), 232–238. 10.1080/10668926.2016.1251354
- Rodriguez, S. L., Estes, R., Sissel, M., Doran, E. (2019b). Becoming la ingeniera: Examining the engineering identity development of undergraduate Latinas. Journal of Latinos in Education. 10.1080/15348431.2019.1648269
- Saelua, N., Yi, V., Na, V. S., & Museus, S. D. (2020). Refugee life making: (Re-)Centering the refugee narrative through feminist refugee epistemology. New Directions for Higher Education, 2020(191), 67–78. 10.1002/he.20383
- Sakamoto, A., Iceland, J., & Siskar, T. (2022). The socioeconomic attainments of second-generation Southeast Asian Americans in the 21st century: Evidence from the American Community Survey, 2012–2016. Population Research and Policy Review, 41(1), 59–88. 10.1007/s11113-021-09636-9
- Sakamoto, A., Takei, I., & Woo, H. (2012). The myth of the model minority myth. Sociological Spectrum, 32(4), 309–321. 10.1080/02732173.2012.664042
- Saldaña, J. (2013). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (2nd ed.). Sage.
- Seidman, I. (2006). Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences. Teachers College Press.
- Shrake, E. (2006).
Unmasking the self: Struggling with the model minority stereotype and lotus blossom image . In G. Li & G. Beckett (Eds.), “Strangers” in the academy: Asian women scholars in higher education (pp. 178–194). Stylus. 10.4324/9781003447115-13 - Sue, D. W., Capodilupo, C. M., Torino, G. C., Bucceri, J. M., Holder, A. M., Nadal, K. L., & Esquilin, M. (2007). Racial microaggressions in everyday life: Implications for clinical practice. American Psychologist, 62, 271–286. 10.1037/0003-066X.62.4.271
- Suyemoto, K. L., Kim, G. S., Tanabe, M., Tawa, J., & Day, S. C. (2009). Challenging the model minority myth: Engaging Asian American students in research on Asian American college student experiences. New Directions for Institutional Research, 2009(142), 41–55. 10.1002/ir.295
- Tao, Y. (2015). Engineering doctoral degree trend of Asian-American women in the United States, 1994–2013. The Open Social Science Journal, 7, 1–7. 10.2174/1874945301507010001
- Tao, Y., & McNeely, C. L. (2019). Gender and race intersectional effects in the US engineering workforce: Who stays? Who leaves? International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 11(1).
- Teranishi, R. T., Behringer, L. B., Grey, E. A., & Parker, T. L. (2009). Critical race theory and research on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in higher education. New Directions for Institutional Research, 2009(142), 57–68. 10.1002/ir.296
- Tonso, K. L. (2006). Student engineers and engineer identity: Campus engineer identities as figured world. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 1(2), 273–307. 10.1007/s11422-005-9009-2
- Trytten, D. A., Lowe, A. W., & Walden, S. E. (2012). “Asians are good at math. What an awful stereotype” the model minority stereotype’s impact on Asian American engineering students. Journal of Engineering Education, 101(3), 439–468. 10.1002/j.2168-9830.2012.tb00057.x
- Tummala-Narra, P., Li, Z., Yang, E. J., Xiu, Z., Cui, E., & Song, Y. (2021). Intergenerational family conflict and ethnic identity among Chinese American college students. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 91(1),
36 . 10.1037/ort0000515 - US Census Bureau. (2022, March 1). About the topic of race. US Department of Commerce.
https://www.census.gov/topics/population/race/about.html - US Department of Education. (2018). National center for education statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Fall 2011 and Fall 2016, Completions component. Washington, DC.
- Van Veelen, R., Derks, B., & Endedijk, M. D. (2019). Double trouble: How being outnumbered and negatively stereotyped threatens career outcomes of women in STEM. Frontiers in Psychology, 10,
150 . 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00150 - Varma, R. (2010). Why so few women enroll in computing? Gender and ethnic differences in students’ perception. Computer Science Education, 20(4), 301–316. 10.1080/08993408.2010.527697
- Vygotsky, L., Hanfmann, E., & Vakar, G. (2012). Thought and language. MIT Press.
- Williams, M. J., George-Jones, J., & Hebl, M. (2019). The face of STEM: Racial phenotypic stereotypicality predicts STEM persistence by—and ability attributions about—students of color. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 116(3),
416 . 10.1037/pspi0000153 - Williams, M. M., & George-Jackson, C. (2014). Using and doing science: Gender, self-efficacy, and science identity of undergraduate students in STEM. Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering, 20(2). 10.1615/JWomenMinorScienEng.2014004477
- Wong, F., & Halgin, R. (2006). The “model minority”: Bane or blessing for Asian Americans? Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 34(1), 38–49. 10.1002/j.2161-1912.2006.tb00025.x
- Wu, L., & Jing, W. (2011). Real numbers: Asian women in STEM careers: An invisible minority in a double bind. Issues in Science and Technology, 28, 82–87.
- Zhou, M., & Lee, J. (2017). Hyper-selectivity and the remaking of culture: Understanding the Asian American achievement paradox. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 8(1), 7–15. 10.1037/aap0000069
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21061/see.152 | Journal eISSN: 2690-5450
Language: English
Page range: 111 - 129
Submitted on: Oct 21, 2023
Accepted on: Aug 22, 2024
Published on: Sep 30, 2024
Published by: Virginia Tech Publishing
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
© 2024 Maria L. Espino, Michelle C. Ausman, Brian D. Le, Sarah L. Rodriguez, Katie Koo, published by Virginia Tech Publishing
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.