A Six-stage Instructional Design Model for Collaborative Implementation of Integrated STEM Education
By: Chih-Jung Ku, Kuen-Yi Lin, Hyuksoo Kwon and Todd R. Kelley
References
- Al Salami, M. K., Makela, C. J., & de Miranda, M. A. (2017). Assessing changes in teachers’ attitudes toward interdisciplinary STEM teaching. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 27, 63–88. 10.1007/s10798-015-9341-0
- Al-araibi, A. A. M., Naz’ri bin Mahrin, M., & Yusoff, R. C. M. (2019). Technological aspect factors of E-learning readiness in higher education institutions: Delphi technique. Education and Information Technologies, 24(1), 567–590. 10.1007/s10639-018-9780-9
- Aldoobie, N. (2015). ADDIE model. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 5(6), 68–72.
- Anderson, D. H., & Goodson, L. A. (1980). A comparative analysis of models of instructional design. Journal of Instructional Development, 3(4), 2–16. 10.1007/BF02904348
- Belland, B. R. (2017). Instructional scaffolding in STEM education: Strategies and efficacy evidence. Springer Nature.
- Branch, R. M. (2009). Instructional design: The ADDIE approach. Springer.
- Brophy, S., Klein, S., Portsmore, M., & Rogers, C. (2008). Advancing engineering education in P-12 classrooms. Journal of Engineering Education, 97(3), 369–387. 10.1002/j.2168-9830.2008.tb00985.x
- Budoya, C., Kissaka, M., & Mtebe, J. (2019). Instructional design enabled Agile method using ADDIE model and Feature Driven Development method. International Journal of Education and Development using ICT, 15(1), 35–54.
- Bybee, R. W. (2010). Advancing STEM education: A 2020 vision. Technology and Engineering Teacher, 70(1), 30–35.
- Chamberlin, S. A., & Pereira, N. (2017).
Differentiating engineering activities for use in a mathematics setting . In D. Dailey & A. Cotabish (Eds.), Engineering Instruction for High-Ability Learners in K-8 Classrooms (pp. 45–55). Waco, TX: Prufrock Press. - Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria. Qualitative Sociology, 13(1), 3–21. 10.1007/BF00988593
- Corlu, M. S., Capraro, R. M., & Capraro, M. M. (2014). Introducing STEM education: Implications. for educating our teachers for the age of innovation. Education and Science, 39(171), 74–85.
- Cunningham, C. M. (2017). Engineering in elementary STEM education: Curriculum design, instruction, learning, and assessment. Teachers College Press.
- Dow, W. (2006). The need to change pedagogies in science and technology subjects: A European perspective. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 16(3), 307–321. 10.1007/s10798-006-0009-7
- Eckman, E. W., Williams, M. A., & Silver-Thorn, M. B. (2016). An integrated model for STEM teacher preparation: The value of a teaching cooperative educational experience. Journal of STEM Teacher Education, 51(1), 71–82. 10.30707/JSTE51.1Eckman
- Edmonds, G. S., Branch, R. C., & Mukherjee, P. (1994). A conceptual framework for comparing instructional design models. Educational Technology Research and Development, 42(4), 55–72. 10.1007/BF02298055
- English, L. D. (2016). STEM education K-12: Perspectives on integration. International Journal of STEM Education, 3(1), 1–8. 10.1186/s40594-016-0036-1
- Eubank, B. H., Mohtadi, N. G., Lafave, M. R., Wiley, J. P., Bois, A. J., Boorman, R. S., & Sheps, D. M. (2016). Using the modified Delphi method to establish clinical consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with rotator cuff pathology. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 16(1), 1–15. 10.1186/s12874-016-0165-8
- Fan, S., & Yu, K. (2016). Core value and implementation of the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics curriculum in technology education. Journal of Research in Education Sciences, 61(2), 153–183. 10.6209/JORIES.2016.61(2).06
- Gao, X., Li, P., Shen, J., & Sun, H. (2020). Reviewing assessment of student learning in interdisciplinary STEM education. International Journal of STEM Education, 7, 1–14. 10.1186/s40594-020-00225-4
- Glancy, A.W & Moore, T.J. (2013). Theoretical Foundations for Effective STEM Learning Environments. Retrieved from
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=enewp - Goodman, C. M. (1987). The Delphi technique: a critique. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 12(6), 729–734. 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1987.tb01376.x
- Gordon, J., & Zemke, R. (2000). The attack on ISD. Training, 37(4), 42–45.
- Grafinger, D. J. (1988). Basics of instructional systems development. Alexandria: American Society for Training and Development.
- Habibi, A., Sarafrazi, A., & Izadyar, S. (2014). Delphi technique theoretical framework in qualitative research. The International Journal of Engineering and Science, 3(4), 8–13.
- Han, J., Kelley, T., & Knowles, J. G. (2021). Factors influencing student STEM learning: Self-efficacy and outcome expectancy, 21st century skills, and career awareness. Journal for STEM Education Research, 4(2), 117–137. 10.1007/s41979-021-00053-3
- Hasson, F., Keeney, S., & McKenna, H. (2000). Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32(4), 1008–1015. 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.t01-1-01567.x
- Herro, D. & Quigley, C. (2017). Exploring teachers’ perceptions of STEAM teaching through professional development: implications for teacher educators. Professional Development in Education, 43, 416–438. 10.1080/19415257.2016.1205507
- Honey, M., Pearson, G., and Schweingruber, H. A. (eds) (2014). STEM integration in K-12 education: Status, prospects, and an agenda for research. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press. 10.17226/18612
- Hsu, C. C., & Sandford, B. A. (2007). The Delphi technique: making sense of consensus. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 12(1). 10.7275/pdz9-th90
- Hughes, A., & Denson, C. (2021). Scaffolding middle and high school students’ engineering design experiences: quality problem-SCOPEing promoting successful solutions. Journal of Technology Education, 32(2), 4–20.
https://jte-journal.org/articles/10.21061/jte.v32i2.a.1 - Ismail, M. E., Utami, P., Ismail, I. M., Hamzah, N., & Harun, H. (2018). Development of massive open online course (MOOC) based on addie model for catering courses. Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi, 8(2), 184–192.
- Keeney, S., McKenna, H., & Hasson, F. (2010). The Delphi Technique in Nursing and Health Research. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, Somerset.
- Kelley, T. R., & Knowles, J. G. (2016). A conceptual framework for integrated STEM education. International Journal of STEM education, 3(1), 1–11. 10.1186/s40594-016-0046-z
- Kelley, T. R., Knowles, J. G., Han, J., & Trice, A. N. (2021). Integrated STEM models of implementation. Journal of STEM Education: Innovations & Research, 22(1), 34–45.
- Kelley, T. R., Knowles, J. G., Holland, J. D., & Han, J. (2020). Increasing high school teachers’ self-efficacy for integrated STEM instruction through a collaborative community of practice. International Journal of STEM Education, 7(1), 1–13. 10.1186/s40594-020-00211-w
- Krajcik, J. S., & Czerniak, C. M. (2018). Teaching science in elementary and middle school: A project-based learning approach. Routledge.
- Lai, C. S. (2018). Using inquiry-based strategies for enhancing students’ STEM education learning. Journal of Education in Science Environment and Health, 4(1), 110–117.
- Lin, K. Y., & Williams, P. J. (2016). Taiwanese preservice teachers’ science, technology, engineering, and mathematics teaching intention. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 14(6), 1021–1036. 10.1007/s10763-015-9645-2
- Linstone, H., & Turoff, M. (1975). The Delphi method: Techniques and applications. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing.
- Love, T. S., & Wells, J. G. (2018). Examining correlations between preparation experiences of US technology and engineering educators and their teaching of science content and practices. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 28, 395–416.10.1007/s10798-017-9395-2
- Love, T. S., & Love, Z. J. (2023). The teacher recruitment crisis: Examining influential recruitment factors from a United States technology and engineering teacher preparation program. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 33(1), 105–121.
- Magliaro, S. G., & Shambaugh, N. (2006). Student models of instructional design. Educational Technology Research and Development, 54(1), 83–106. 10.1007/s11423-006-6498-y
- Margot, K. C., & Kettler, T. (2019). Teachers’ perception of STEM integration and education: a systematic literature review. International Journal of STEM Education, 6(1), 1–16. 10.1186/s40594-018-0151-2
- McMillan, S. S., King, M., & Tully, M. P. (2016). How to use the nominal group and Delphi techniques. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 38(3), 655–662. 10.1007/s11096-016-0257-x
- Molenda, M. (2003). In search of the elusive ADDIE model. Performance Improvement, 42(5), 34–37.
- Moore, T. J., Stohlmann, M. S., Wang, H. H., Tank, K. M., Glancy, A. W., & Roehrig, G. H. (2014).
Implementation and integration of engineering in K-12 STEM education . In Engineering in pre-college settings: Synthesizing research, policy, and practices (pp. 35–60). Purdue University Press. - Mukaka, M. M. (2012). A guide to appropriate use of correlation coefficient in medical research. Malawi Medical Journal, 24(3), 69–71.
- Nichols Hess, A., & Greer, K. (2016). Designing for engagement: Using the ADDIE model to integrate high-impact practices into an online information literacy course. Communications in Information Literacy, 10(2), 264–282. 10.15760/comminfolit.2016.10.2.27
- Nolan, A., & Molla, T. (2017). Teacher confidence and professional capital. Teaching and Teacher Education, 62, 10–18. 10.1016/j.tate.2016.11.004
- Raskin, M. S. (1994). The Delphi study in field instruction revisited: Expert consensus on issues and research priorities. Journal of Social Work Education, 30(1), 75–89. 10.1080/10437797.1994.10672215
- Rayens, M. K., & Hahn, E. J. (2000). Building consensus using the policy Delphi method. Policy, Politics & Nursing Practice, 1(4), 308–315. 10.1177%2F152715440000100409
- Schmidt, R. C. (1997). Managing Delphi surveys using non-parametric statistical techniques. Decision Sciences, 28(3), 763–774. 10.1111/j.1540-5915.1997.tb01330.x
- Schmidt, R., Lyytinen, K., Keil, M., & Cule, P. (2001). Identifying software project risks: An international Delphi study. Journal of Management Information Systems, 17(4), 5–36. 10.1080/07421222.2001.11045662
- Schwier, R. A., Campbell, K., & Kenny, R. (2004). Instructional designers’ observations about identity, communities of practice and change agency. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 20(1), 69–100. 10.14742/ajet.1368
- Siegel, S. (1956). Non-parametric statistics for the behavioral sciences. McGraw-Hill.
- Smith, P. L., & Ragan, T. J. (2004). Instructional design. John Wiley & Sons.
- Tang, K. S. (2017). Analyzing teachers’ use of metadiscourse: The missing element in classroom discourse analysis. Science Education, 101(4), 548–583. 10.1002/sce.21275
- Thibaut, L., Ceuppens, S., De Loof, H., De Meester, J., Goovaerts, L., Struyf, A., … & Depaepe, F. (2018). Integrated STEM education: A systematic review of instructional practices in secondary education. European Journal of STEM Education, 3(1),
02 . 10.20897/ejsteme/85525 - Trust, T., & Pektas, E. (2018). Using the ADDIE model and universal design for learning principles to develop an open online course for teacher professional development. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 34(4), 219–233. 10.1080/21532974.2018.1494521
- Walker, A. M., & Selfe, J. (1996). The Delphi method: a useful tool for the allied health researcher. British Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 3(12), 677–681. 10.12968/bjtr.1996.3.12.14731
- Wang, H. H., Moore, T. J., Roehrig, G. H., & Park, M. S. (2011). STEM integration: teacher perceptions and practice. Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research, 1(2), 1–13. 10.5703/1288284314636
- Wells, J. G. (2013).
Integrative STEM Education at Virginia Tech: Graduate preparation for tomorrow’s leaders . Technology and Engineering Teacher, 72(5), 28–35. Reston, VA - Wells, J. G. (2016). PIRPOSAL model of integrative STEM education: Conceptual and pedagogical framework for classroom implementation. The Technology and Engineering Teacher, 75(6), 12–19.
https://0-www.proquest.com.opac.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/scholarly-journals/pirposal-model-integrative-stem-education/docview/1781332370/se-2?accountid=14228 - Williams, P. J., Jones, A., & Buntting, C. (Eds.). (2015). The future of technology education. Springer Singapore.
- Williams, P. L., & Webb, C. (1994). The Delphi technique: a methodological discussion. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 19(1), 180–186. 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01066.x
- Yeh, Y. F., Lin, T. C., Hsu, Y. S., Wu, H. K., & Hwang, F. K. (2015). Science teachers’ proficiency levels and patterns of TPACK in a practical context. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 24(1), 78–90. 10.1007/s10956-014-9523-7
- Yu, K. C., Wu, P. H., Lin, K. Y., Fan, S. C., Tzeng, S. Y., & Ku, C. J. (2021). Behavioral intentions of technology teachers to implement an engineering-focused curriculum. International Journal of STEM Education, 8(1), 1–20. 10.1007/s10956-014-9523-7
- Zhong, B., Kang, S., & Zhan, Z. (2021). Investigating the effect of reverse engineering pedagogy in K-12 robotics education. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 29(5), 1097–1111. 10.1002/cae.22363
- Ziglio, E. (1996).
The Delphi method and its contribution to decision-making . In Adler, M. & Ziglio, E. (Eds.). Gazing into the Oracle: The Delphi method and its application to social policy and public health. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21061/jte.v36i2.a.3 | Journal eISSN: 1045-1064
Language: English
Page range: 25 - 60
Submitted on: Aug 26, 2024
Accepted on: Apr 15, 2025
Published on: May 16, 2025
Published by: Virginia Tech
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
© 2025 Chih-Jung Ku, Kuen-Yi Lin, Hyuksoo Kwon, Todd R. Kelley, published by Virginia Tech
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.