Food Security in Sustainable Development of Indonesia

Food security is a key component of sustainable development, especially in developing countries, where agricultural change, inequality, nutrition shifts, and climate risks interact. This study analyzes food security in Indonesia using four pillars: availability, access, utilization, and stability. A descriptive analytical method is applied using secondary data from FAOSTAT, FAO food security indicators, Statistics Indonesia, and international reports, covering trends from 2010–2024 with a focus on the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals period. The results show that Indonesia has achieved sufficient food availability, as dietary energy supply consistently exceeds minimum caloric needs. However, this does not ensure overall food security. Food access remains uneven due to income inequality, informal labor, regional disparities, and varying purchasing power. In terms of utilization, improvements are visible in sanitation and reduced stunted growth among children, but persistent anemia and the coexistence of undernutrition and overweight reflect ongoing nutritional challenges. Stability is still vulnerable due to import dependence on key staples, limited irrigation expansion, climate variability, and exposure to global price shocks. Overall, while agriculture remains central to livelihoods and food supply, it faces structural constraints such as low productivity and environmental pressure, with diets shifting toward more diverse but energy-dense consumption. Progress toward SDG 2 is therefore uneven: strong in availability but weaker in equity, nutrition quality, and resilience. Strengthening food security requires integrated policies across social protection, agricultural productivity, climate adaptation, and dietary improvement.