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A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research on Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Subsidies (1994–2024) Cover

A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research on Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Subsidies (1994–2024)

Open Access
|Mar 2026

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Workflow of the bibliometric analysis procedure Source: own elaboration based on Donthu et al. (2021), Zupic and Čater (2014).

Fig. 2.

Annual number of publications and average citations per article on fertilizer subsidy research (1994–2024) Source: authors’ elaboration via Biblioshiny.

Fig. 3.

WordCloud illustrating the most frequent keywords in the fertilizer financial support literature Source: authors’ elaboration via Biblioshiny.

Fig. 4.

Thematic map illustrating the development and relevance of key research themes in fertilizer financial support literature from 1994 to 2024 Source: authors’ development via Biblioshiny.

Fig. 5.

Three-field plot showing relationships among leading authors, key terms, and countries in fertilizer subsidy research Source: authors’ elaboration via Biblioshiny.

Fig. 6.

Global collaboration network illustrating key international partnerships in fertilizer subsidy research. The size of each node reflects the PageRank score; the thickness of links represents collaboration intensity Source: authors’ elaboration via Biblioshiny.

Fig. 7.

Co-occurrence network of fertilizer-related terms Source: authors’ elaboration via Biblioshiny.

Fig. 8.

Factorial analysis map of conceptual relationships Source: authors’ elaboration via Biblioshiny.

Most cited countries and citation metrics

CountryTotal citationsAverage article citationsCountryTotal citationsAverage article citations
USA1 96637.10ETHIOPIA13946.30
UNITED KINGDOM70770.70NETHERLANDS13433.50
CHINA50283.70GHANA13313.30
INDIA21716.70MALAWI11416.30
NORWAY14749.00GERMANY11216.00

Key characteristics of the bibliometric dataset

Document and sourceValueAuthor and collaborationValue
Document typeArticleTime period1994–2024
Number of documents278Total authors790
Sources (journals, etc.)173Co-authors per document2.84
Average citations per document23International co-authorships (%)40.29
Document average age (years)8Annual growth rate of publications (%)5.27

Top 5 countries and authors by scientific output over time

RankCountryNumber of PublicationsRankAuthorNumber of Publications
1USA1231JAYNE TS9
2INDONESIA572MASON NM9
3INDIA343RICKER-GILBERT J9
4UK324SMALE M8
5GHANA305LIVERPOOL-TASIE LSO5

Classification of Documents by Fertilizer Type Focus

Fertilizer typeNumber of documentsPercentage (%)
Inorganic7225.90%
Organic2910.40%
Mixed3612.90%
Unclassified14150.70%
Total278100.00%
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17306/j.jard.2026.1.00041r1 | Journal eISSN: 1899-5772 | Journal ISSN: 1899-5241
Language: English
Page range: 26 - 39
Accepted on: Feb 17, 2026
Published on: Mar 30, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2026 Mega Amelia Putri, Syafruddin Karimi, Endrizal Ridwan, Fajri Muharja, published by The University of Life Sciences in Poznań
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.