Table 1
Descriptive statistics and correlations (study 1).
| VARIABLE | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | achievement | 4.09 | .58 | |||||||
| 2 | power | 3.36 | .74 | .39*** | ||||||
| 3 | affiliation | 3.15 | .91 | .05 | .18* | |||||
| 4 | autonomy | 3.79 | .63 | .31*** | .40*** | –.16* | ||||
| 5 | gender | .61 | .52 | .06 | –.18* | –.05 | .03 | |||
| 6 | age | 33.71 | 10.60 | –.18* | –.12 | –.06 | –.05 | –.08 | ||
| 7 | tenure | 6.34 | 9.04 | –.27*** | –.20** | –.01 | –.17* | –.05 | .74*** | |
| 8 | leadership | .26 | .44 | .17* | .41*** | .09 | .14 | –.10 | .19* | .08 |
[i] Note: n = 164. Gender was coded as 0 = male, 1 = female. Leadership was coded as 0 = no leadership responsibility, 1 = leadership responsibility. * p < .05. ** p < .01. *** p < .001.
Table 2
Statistical results from the latent profile analysis (study 1).
| MODEL | LL | #FP | AIC | BIC | SABIC | AWE | VLMR (P) | BLRT (P) | ENTROPY |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 profile | –699.887 | 8 | 1415.78 | 1440.57 | 1415.25 | 1435.04 | NA | NA | NA |
| 2 profiles | –674.577 | 13 | 1375.15 | 1415.45 | 1374.30 | 1406.46 | .03 | .00 | .55 |
| 3 profiles | –666.166 | 18 | 1368.33 | 1424.13 | 1367.14 | 1411.68 | .38 | .06 | .70 |
| 4 profiles | –660.542 | 23 | 1367.09 | 1438.38 | 1365.57 | 1422.48 | .46 | 1.00 | .79 |
| 5 profiles | –650.071 | 28 | 1356.14 | 1442.94 | 1354.29 | 1423.58 | .26 | .01 | .76 |
| 6 profiles | –645.301 | 33 | 1356.60 | 1458.90 | 1354.42 | 1436.08 | .34 | .67 | .79 |
| 7 profiles | –640.623 | 38 | 1357.25 | 1475.04 | 1354.74 | 1448.77 | .69 | 1.00 | .77 |
| 8 profiles | -634.261 | 43 | 1354.52 | 1487.82 | 1351.68 | 1458.09 | .49 | 1.00 | .81 |
| 9 profiles | -629.202 | 48 | 1354.40 | 1503.20 | 1351.23 | 1470.01 | .40 | 1.00 | .83 |
[i] Note: LL: model log-likelihood. #fp: number of free parameters. AIC: Akaike Information Criterion. BIC: Bayesian Information Criterion. SABIC: sample-size adjusted BIC. AWE: Approximate Weight of Evidence Criterion. VLMR: Vuong-Lo-Mendell-Rubin adjusted likelihood ratio test. BLRT: bootstrapped likelihood ratio test.
Figure 1
Five-profile solution for employees’ combinations of individual needs (study 1).
Table 3
Descriptive statistics and correlations (study 2).
| VARIABLE | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | achievement | 3.87 | .62 | ||||||
| 2 | power | 3.02 | .87 | .27*** | |||||
| 3 | affiliation | 2.88 | .98 | .12** | .23*** | ||||
| 4 | autonomy | 3.68 | .64 | .23*** | .41*** | –.16*** | |||
| 5 | development i-deals | 2.56 | 1.10 | .21*** | .37*** | .14** | .13** | ||
| 6 | task i-deals | 2.90 | 1.11 | .22*** | .30*** | .10* | .13** | .73*** | |
| 7 | scheduling flexibility i-deals | 2.77 | 1.23 | .13** | .16*** | –.02 | .16*** | .49*** | .57*** |
| 8 | location flexibility i-deals | 2.46 | 1.25 | .15*** | .20*** | –.04 | .22*** | .55*** | .55*** |
| 9 | financial i-deals | 2.34 | 1.17 | .19*** | .24*** | .05 | .08 | .64*** | .65*** |
| 10 | gender | .60 | .49 | .09* | –.20*** | –.05 | –.11* | –.16*** | –.12** |
| 11 | age | 45.08 | 10.67 | –.04 | .08 | –.17** | .11** | –.11** | –.04 |
| 12 | tenure | 11.86 | 10.43 | –.04 | .10* | –.11* | .14*** | .04 | .03 |
| 13 | leadership | .29 | .45 | .15*** | .46*** | .13** | .26*** | .27*** | .21*** |
| VARIABLE | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | |||
| 7 | scheduling flexibility i-deals | ||||||||
| 8 | location flexibility i-deals | .62*** | |||||||
| 9 | financial i-deals | .55*** | .54*** | ||||||
| 10 | gender | –.02 | –.06 | –.11* | |||||
| 11 | age | .00 | .01 | –.03 | –.11** | ||||
| 12 | tenure | .02 | .08 | –.04 | –.18*** | .47*** | |||
| 13 | leadership | .05 | .12** | .19** | –.23*** | .06 | .12** |
[i] Note: n = 553. Gender was coded as 0 = male, 1 = female. Leadership was coded as 0 = no leadership responsibility, 1 = leadership responsibility. * p < .05. ** p < .01. *** p < .001.
Table 4
Statistical results from the latent profile analysis (study 2).
| MODEL | LL | #FP | AIC | BIC | SABIC | AWE | VLMR (P) | BLRT (P) | ENTROPY |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 profile | –2532.22 | 8 | 5080.44 | 5114.96 | 5089.57 | 5099.71 | NA | NA | NA |
| 2 profiles | –2456.78 | 13 | 4939.56 | 4995.66 | 4954.39 | 4970.87 | .00 | .00 | .58 |
| 3 profiles | –2433.57 | 18 | 4903.14 | 4980.82 | 4923.68 | 4946.49 | .20 | .00 | .62 |
| 4 profiles | –2415.61 | 23 | 4877.21 | 4976.47 | 4903.45 | 4932.61 | .23 | .00 | .68 |
| 5 profiles | –2402.57 | 28 | 4861.15 | 4981.98 | 4893.09 | 4928.58 | .26 | .00 | .66 |
| 6 profiles | –2387.80 | 33 | 4841.59 | 4984.00 | 4879.24 | 4921.07 | .01 | .00 | .69 |
| 7 profiles | –2378.79 | 38 | 4833.57 | 4995.56 | 4876.93 | 4925.10 | .58 | .00 | .71 |
| 8 profiles | –2365.84 | 43 | 4817.68 | 5003.24 | 4866.74 | 4921.25 | .37 | .00 | .80 |
| 9 profiles | –2353.53 | 48 | 4791.04 | 5019.75 | 4851.51 | 4918.67 | .53 | .00 | .81 |
[i] Note: LL: model log-likelihood. #fp: number of free parameters. AIC: Akaike Information Criterion. BIC: Bayesian Information Criterion. SABIC: sample-size adjusted BIC. AWE: Approximate Weight of Evidence Criterion. VLMR: Vuong-Lo-Mendell-Rubin adjusted likelihood ratio test. BLRT: bootstrapped likelihood ratio test.
Figure 2
Six-profile solution for employees’ combinations of individual needs (study 2).
Table 5
Differences in the negotiation of i-deals across profiles.
| OUTCOME VARIABLE | PROFILE 1 UNDRIVEN | PROFILE 2 MODERATELY DRIVEN | PROFILE 3 AFFILIATION-DRIVEN | PROFILE 4 AUTONOMY-AND ACHIEVEMENT-DRIVEN | PROFILE 5 AUTONOMY-AND POWER-DRIVEN | PROFILE 6 HIGHLY DRIVEN | Wald’s χ2 | PROFILE DIFFERENCES |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| development i-deals | 1.57 (.17) | 2.55 (.08) | 2.22 (.22) | 2.29 (.30) | 2.88 (.15) | 3.45 (.20) | 74.02*** | 1 < 2***, 3*, 5***, 6*** 2 < 6*** 3 < 5*, 6*** 4 < 6** 5 < 6* |
| task i-deals | 2.21 (.21) | 2.92 (.08) | 2.32 (.23) | 2.69 (.33) | 3.10 (.16) | 3.75 (.18) | 47.51*** | 1 < 5***, 6*** 2 < 6*** 3 < 2*, 5**, 6*** 4 < 6** 5 < 6* |
| scheduling flexibility i-deals | 2.17 (.24) | 2.86 (.10) | 2.03 (.24) | 3.12 (.34) | 2.92 (.17) | 3.12 (.22) | 21.43** | 1 < 2**, 4*, 5**, 6** 3 < 2**, 4**, 5**, 6** |
| location flexibility i-deals | 1.82 (.23) | 2.51 (.10) | 1.54 (.19) | 3.00 (.36) | 2.83 (.18) | 2.69 (.22) | 41.34*** | 1 < 2**, 4*, 5***, 6** 3 < 4***, 5***, 6*** |
| financial i-deals | 1.61 (.20) | 2.42 (.10) | 1.79 (.20) | 2.22 (.30) | 2.55 (.17) | 2.93 (.22) | 33.19*** | 1 < 2**, 5***, 6*** 2 < 6* 3 < 2**, 5**, 6*** |
[i] Note: Estimated M (SD) are indicated. All scales were 5-point scales. Comparisons were conducted with the BCH-procedure in Mplus 7.4. * p < .05. ** p < .01. *** p < .001.