Understanding the Crucial Role of the Socio-Ecological Values of Olive Groves in Landscape Stewardship: an Empirical Evidence from Akdeniz Protected Area of Northern Cyprus

Throughout history, the relationship between humans and olive groves has led to the development of diverse socio-ecological values and accumulation of relevant traditional knowledge in the Mediterranean region. However, empirical studies about such values of olive groves are missing in the literature. In light of this fact, this study aimed to explore the crucial role of the socio-ecological values of olive groves in landscape stewardship in the context of Akdeniz Protected Area located in Northern Cyprus. The objectives of the study were (i) to identify the main socio-ecological landscape values of olive groves, (ii) to explore the traditional knowledge of olive groves and associated resources, and (iii) to evaluate the crucial role of the socio-ecological values in landscape stewardship. The relevant data were collected through a 1–5 scaled preference-based value questionnaire and focus group discussions. The results showed that the participants mostly appreciated the life-sustaining (4.81 points), therapeutic (4.73 points) and aesthetic (4.68 points) values of olive groves. The overall average score was estimated to be medium, with 3.69 points. Culture and gender were identified as the most important factors influencing the socio-ecological landscape values. The results also showed that the participants collected 18 wild plants and 3 mushroom species in the natural areas surrounding the olive groves. The relevant traditional knowledge had a significant effect on the communities’ traditional lifestyle and diet system. Landscape stewardship was proposed as an innovative approach to managing olive groves, resources, associated values and traditional knowledge responsibly in the region and beyond.