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Comparison of two- and three-dimensional ultrasound for volume estimation of the meal-stimulated gallbladder Cover

Comparison of two- and three-dimensional ultrasound for volume estimation of the meal-stimulated gallbladder

Journal of Ultrasonography
Volume 25 (2025): Issue 103 (October 2025)
By: Tæraneh Jouleh,  Spiros Kotopoulis,  Georg Dimcevski,  Erling Tjora,  Odd Helge Gilja,  Sondre Vatne Meling,  Eirik Wigtil Søfteland and  Ingrid Kvåle Nordaas  
Open Access
|Nov 2025

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Tukey plot (A) and histogram (B) showing the distribution of gallbladder volumes for each dataset after outlier removal. A one-way ANOVA (Holm-Šidák’s multiple comparison) showed that only the 2D vs 3D datasets were significantly different (p <0.001), whereas the comparisons of 2D(a) vs 2D(b) or 3D(a) vs 3D(b) were not significantly different
Tukey plot (A) and histogram (B) showing the distribution of gallbladder volumes for each dataset after outlier removal. A one-way ANOVA (Holm-Šidák’s multiple comparison) showed that only the 2D vs 3D datasets were significantly different (p <0.001), whereas the comparisons of 2D(a) vs 2D(b) or 3D(a) vs 3D(b) were not significantly different

Fig. 2.

Comparison of intra-observer volumes within the 2D and 3D datasets. A, B. Correlation plots showing the association between gallbladder volume measurements from two sequential scans for 2D and 3D, respectively. The red line indicates the line of identity. The dashed lines show a linear regression, with the light dashed lines representing the 95% confidence interval of the linear regression. B, C. Bland-Altman plots showing the differences vs. average between gallbladder volume measurements of two sequential scans for 2D and 3D, respectively. The dashed lines represent the upper and lower limits of agreement or the mean value (bias)
Comparison of intra-observer volumes within the 2D and 3D datasets. A, B. Correlation plots showing the association between gallbladder volume measurements from two sequential scans for 2D and 3D, respectively. The red line indicates the line of identity. The dashed lines show a linear regression, with the light dashed lines representing the 95% confidence interval of the linear regression. B, C. Bland-Altman plots showing the differences vs. average between gallbladder volume measurements of two sequential scans for 2D and 3D, respectively. The dashed lines represent the upper and lower limits of agreement or the mean value (bias)

Fig. 3.

Tukey plot of the mean 2D volumes vs 3D volumes (A). Tukey plot showing the absolute differences |Δ| within the sequential 2D or 3D volume calculations (B)
Tukey plot of the mean 2D volumes vs 3D volumes (A). Tukey plot showing the absolute differences |Δ| within the sequential 2D or 3D volume calculations (B)

Fig. 4.

Correlation plots showing the differences (cm3) between gallbladder volumes from 2D and 3D scans. The dashed lines show a linear regression, with the light dashed lines representing the 95% confidence interval of the linear regression (A). Bland-Altman plots showing the differences (%) in gallbladder volumes for 2D vs 3D. The difference is calculated as 2D minus 3D. The dashed lines represent the limits of agreement (B)
Correlation plots showing the differences (cm3) between gallbladder volumes from 2D and 3D scans. The dashed lines show a linear regression, with the light dashed lines representing the 95% confidence interval of the linear regression (A). Bland-Altman plots showing the differences (%) in gallbladder volumes for 2D vs 3D. The difference is calculated as 2D minus 3D. The dashed lines represent the limits of agreement (B)

Clinical characteristics of the included subjects

VariablesValuesRange (Min–Max)
N62N/A
Sex, males (%)31 (50.0)N/A
Age, mean (SD) in years69.1 (6.6)52.0–84.0
BMI, median (IQR) in kg/m224.3 (22.9–28.6)18.5–33.3
Smoking status, % present / past / never6.5/33.9/59.7N/A
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15557/jou.2025.0031 | Journal eISSN: 2451-070X | Journal ISSN: 2084-8404
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Language: English
Submitted on: Sep 29, 2025
Accepted on: Oct 31, 2025
Published on: Nov 17, 2025
Published by: MEDICAL COMMUNICATIONS Sp. z o.o.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
ultrasound imaging,
three-dimensional ultrasound,
two-dimensional ultrasound,
ellipsoid method,
gallbladder volume
Related subjects:
Medicine,
Basic medical science,
Basic medical science, other

© 2025 Tæraneh Jouleh, Spiros Kotopoulis, Georg Dimcevski, Erling Tjora, Odd Helge Gilja, Sondre Vatne Meling, Eirik Wigtil Søfteland, Ingrid Kvåle Nordaas, published by MEDICAL COMMUNICATIONS Sp. z o.o.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 25 (2025): Issue 103 (October 2025)