Preconditions for Emergence of Lithuanian Clusters: from Informal Cooperation to Its Legitimation

Grumadaitė, Kristina; Jucevičius, Giedrius

doi:10.1515/mosr-2017-0003

Abstract

This paper reveals preconditions for the emergence of clusters as self-organisation based industrial systems in a context, in which cooperation traditions are insufficiently developed. These preconditions reflect the principles of the emergence of self-organising complex adaptive systems that are analysed in the complexity theory. Those principles are based on the initiation of non-equilibrium and its purposeful direction into the creation of a new order. This paper highlights the main external and internal tensions that influence informal or formal clustering of enterprises, while various change agents perform different roles making self-organising processes to occur.

References

1. Anderson, P. (1999). Complexity Theory and Organization Science // Organization Science. Vol. 10, No. 3, Special Issue: Application of Complexity Theory to Organization Science, p. 216-232. doi: 10.1287/orsc.10.3.216.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
2. Arbuthnott, A., von Friedrichs, Y. (2013). Entrepreneurial Renewal in a Peripheral Region: The Case of a Winter Automotive-testing Cluster in Sweden // Entrepreneurship & Regional Development: An International Journal. Vol. 25, Issue 5-6, p. 371-403. doi: 10.1080/08985626. 2012.748095.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
3. Bak, P. (1996). How Nature Works: The Science of Self-Organised Criticality. - New York: Copernicus Press.10.1007/978-1-4757-5426-1
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
4. Bathelt, H. (2002). The Re-emergence of a Media Industry Cluster in Leipzig // European Planning Studies. Vol. 10, No. 5, p. 583-611. doi: 10.1080/09654310220145341.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
5. Boal, K. B., Schultz, P. L. (2007). Storytelling, Time, and Evolution: The Role of Strategic Leadership in Complex Adaptive Systems // The Leadership Quarterly. Vol. 18, p. 411-428. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.04.008.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
6. Brenner, T. (2004). Local Industrial Clusters: Existence, Emergence and Evolution. - London and New York: Routledge.10.4324/9780203417249
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
7. Brenner, T., Muhlig, A. (2013). Factors and Mechanisms Causing the Emergence of Local Industrial Clusters: A Summary of 159 Cases // Regional Studies. Vol. 47, No. 4, p. 480-507. doi: 10.1080/00343404.2012.701730.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
8. Carapiet, S., Harris, H. (2007). // Role of Selforganisation in Facilitating Adaptive Organisation: A Proposed Index for the Ability to Self-organise // Production Planning & Control: The Management of Operations. Vol. 18, No. 6, p. 466-474. doi: 10.1080/09537280701495005.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
9. Cilliers, P. (1998). Complexity and Postmodernism: Understanding Complex Systems. - New York: Routledge.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
10. Cindea, I. (2006). Complex Systems - New Conceptual Tools for International Relations // Perspectives: Central European Review o International Affairs. Vol. 26, p. 46-68. Internet access: [accessed April 12, 2017].
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
11. Crespo, J. (2011). How Emergence Conditions of Technological Clusters Affect Their Viability? Theoretical Perspectives on Cluster Life Cycles // European Planning Studies. Vol. 19, No. 12, p. 2025-2046, doi: 10.1080/09654313. 2011.633824.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
12. Eisingerich, A. B., Bell, S. J., Tracey, P. (2010). How Can Clusters Sustain Performance? The Role of Network Strength, Network Openness, and Environmental Uncertainty // Research Policy. No. 39, p. 239-253. doi: 10.1016/j.respol. 2009.12.007.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
13. Elola, A., Valdaliso J. M, Lopez, S. M., Aranguren, M. J. (2012). Cluster Life Cycles, Path Dependency and Regional Economic Development: Insights from a Meta-Study on Basque Clusters // European Planning Studies. Vol. 20, No. 2, p. 257-279. doi: 10.1080/09654313.2012.650902.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
14. Feldman, M. P., Francis, J., Bercovitz, J. (2005). Creating a Cluster While Building a Firm: Entrepreneurs and the Formation of Industrial Clusters // Regional Studies. Vol. 39, No. 1, p. 129-141. doi: 10.1080/0034340052000320888.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
15. Fromhold-Eisebith, M., Eisebith, G. (2005). How to Institutionalize Innovative Clusters? Comparing Explicit Top-down and Implicit Bottom-up Approaches // Research Policy. Vol. 34, Issue 8, p. 1250-1268. doi: 10.1016/j.respol. 2005.02.008.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
16. Gailienė, D. (sud.) (2015). Gyvenimas po lūžio: kultūrinių traumų psichologiniai padariniai. - Vilnius: Eugrimas.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
17. Gladwell, M. (2000). The Tipping Point. - New York: Little Brown.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
18. Gunningham, N., Rees, J. (1997). Industry Self- Regulation: An Institutional Perspective // Law & Policy. Vol. 19, No. 4, p. 363-414. doi: 10.1111/1467-9930.t01-1-00033.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
19. Halley, J. D., Winkler, D. A. (2008). Consistent Concepts of Self-organization and Self-assembly // Complexity. Vol. 14, No. 2, p. 10-17. doi: 10.1002/cplx.20235.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
20. He, Z., Rayman-Bacchus, L., Wu, Y. (2011). Selforganization of Industrial Clustering in a Transition Economy: A Proposed Framework and Case Study Evidence from China // Research Policy. Vol. 40, Issue 10, p. 1280-1294. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2011.07.008.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
21. Holland, J. H. (1995). Hidden Order: How Adaptation Builds Complexity. - New York: Perseus Books.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
22. Isaksen, A. (2008). The Clustering of Software Consultancy in Oslo: Reason for and Effects of Clustering / In Handbook of Research on Innovation and Clusters: Cases and Policies, ed. Ch. Karlsson. - Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, p. 193-207.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
23. Johannisson, B., Caffarena, L. C., Cruz, A. F. D., Epure, M., Perez, E. H., Kapelko, M., Murdock, K., Nanka-Bruce, D., Olejarova, M., Sanchez Lopez, A. S., Sekki, A., Stoian, M.-C., Totterman, H., Bisignano, A. (2007). Interstanding the Industrial District: Contrasting Conceptual Images as a Road to Insight // Entrepreneurship & Regional Development. Vol. 19, No. 6, p. 527-554. doi: 10.1080/08985620701671882.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
24. Johnson, N. F. (2009). Simply Complexity: A Clear Guide to Complexity Theory. - Oxford: Oneworld Publications.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
25. Jucevičius, R. (2008). Klasterių ABC. Prieiga internete: [žiūrėta 2017 03 01].
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
26. Kauffman, S. (1993). The Origins of Order: Self Organization and Selection in Evolution. - Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1007/978-94-015-8054-0_8
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
27. Keshavarz, N., Nutbeam, D., Rowling, L., Khavarpour, F. (2010). Schools as Social Complex Adaptive Systems: A New Way to Understand the Challenges of Introducing the Health Promoting Schools Concept // Social Science & Medicine. Vol. 70, Issue 10, p. 1467-1474. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.01.034.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
28. Kowalski, A. M., Marcinkowski, A. (2014). Clusters versus Cluster Initiatives, with Focus on ICT Sector in Poland // European Planning Studies. Vol. 22, No. 1, p. 20-45. doi: 10.1080/09654313.2012.731040.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
29. Laihonen, H. (2006). Knowledge Flows in Selforganizing Systems // Journal of Knowledge Management. Vol. 10, Issue. 4, p. 127-135. doi: 10.1108/13673270610679417.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
30. Lakis, J. (2009). Social Conflicts and the Culture of Cooperation in Transitional Society // Baltic Journal of Management. Vol. 4, Issue 2, p. 206-220. doi: 10.1108/17465260910958818.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
31. Leetmaa, K., Kriszan, A., Nuga, M., Burdack, J. (2015). Strategies to Cope with Shrinkage in the Lower End of the Urban Hierarchy in Estonia and Central Germany // European Planning Studies. Vol. 23, No. 1, p. 147-165. doi: 10.1080/09654313.2013.820100.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
32. Lewin, R. (1992). Complexity: Life at the Edge of Chaos. - New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
33. Lichtenstein, B. B., Plowman, D. A. (2009). The Leadership of Emergence: A Complex Systems Leadership Theory of Emergence at Successive Organizational Levels // The Leadership Quarterly. Vol. 20, Issue 4, p. 617-630. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.04.006.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
34. Lissowska, M. (2013). The Deficit of Cooperative Attitudes and Trust in Post-transition Economies. - Research Area I. Papers in Evolutionary Political Economy, No. 10. Internet access: [accessed April 12, 2017].
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
35. Lockett, N., Jack, S., Larty, J. (2013). Motivations and Challenges of Network Formation: Entrepreneur and Intermediary Perspectives // International Small Business Journal. Vol. 31, No. 4, p. 1-24. doi: 10.1177/0266242612448383.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
36. Mason, R. B. (2007). The External Environment’s Effect on Management and Strategy: A Complexity Theory Approach // Management Decision. Vol. 45, Issue 1, p. 10-28. doi: 10.1108/00251740710718935.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
37. McKelvey, B. (1999). Avoiding Complexity Catastrophe in Coevolutionary Pockets: Strategies for Rugged Landscapes // Organization Science. Vol. 10, No. 3, p. 294−321. doi: 10.1287/orsc.10.3.294.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
38. Menzel, M. P., Fornahl, D. (2010). Cluster Life Cycles - Dimensions and Rationales of Cluster Evolution // Industrial and Corporate Change. Vol. 19, Issue 1, p. 205-238. doi: 10.1093/icc/dtp036.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
39. Mitleton-Kelly, E. (2003). Ten Principles of Complexity & Enabling Infrastructures / In Complex Systems and Evolutionary Perspectives on Organisations: The Application of Complexity Theory to Organisations, ed. E. Mitleton-Kelly. - Oxford: Elsevier.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
40. Moore, J. F. (2006). Business Ecosystems and the View from the Firm // Antitrust Bulletin. Vol. 51, Issue 1, p. 31-75. doi: 10.1177/0003603X0605100103.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
41. Palmberg, K. (2009). Complex Adaptive Systems as Metaphors for Organizational Management //The Learning Organization. Vol. 16, Issue 6, p. 483-498. doi: 10.1108/09696470910993954.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
42. Parsons, B. A. (2007). The State of Methods and Tools for Social Systems Change // American Journal of Community Psychology. Vol. 39, Issue 3-4, p. 405-409. doi: 10.1007/s10464-007-9118-z.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
43. Plowman, D. A., Solansky, St., Beck, T. E., Baker, L., Kulkarni, M., Travis, D. V. (2007). The Role of Leadership in Emergent, Self-organization // The Leadership Quarterly. Vol. 18, No. 4, p. 341-356. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.04.004.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
44. Porter, M. E. (2000). Location, Competition, and Economic Development: Local Clusters in a Global Economy // Economic Development Quarterly. Vol. 14, Issue 1, p. 15-34. doi: 10.1177/089124240001400105.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
45. Prakash, A., Potoski, M. (2007). Collective Action through Voluntary Environmental Programs: A Club Theory Perspective // Policy Studies Journal. Vol. 35, Issue 4, p. 773-792. doi: 10.1111/j.1541-0072.2007.00247.x.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
46. Ramos, C., Roseira, C., Brito, C. et al. (2013). Business Service Networks and their Process of Emergence: The Case of the Health Cluster Portugal // Industrial Marketing Management. Vol. 42, Issue 6, p. 950-968. doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2013.04.003.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
47. Randelli, F., Lombardi, M. (2014). The Role of Leading Firms in the Evolution of SME Clusters: Evidence from the Leather Products Cluster in Florence // European Planning Studies. Vol. 22, Issue 6, p. 1199-1211. doi: 10.1080/09654313.2013.773963.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
48. Ritvala, T., Kleymann, B. (2012). Scientists as Midwives to Cluster Emergence: An Institutional Work Framework // Industry and Innovation. Vol. 19, Issue 6, p. 477-497. doi: 10.1080/13662716.2012.718875.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
49. Sapsford, R., Abbott, P., Haerpfer, Ch., Wallace, C. (2015). Trust in Post-Soviet Countries, Ten Years on // European Politics and Society. Vol. 16, Issue 4, p. 523-539. doi: 10.1080/23745118.2015.1039286.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
50. Smallbone, D., Welter, F. (2012). Entrepreneurship and Institutional Change in Transition Economies: the Commonwealth of Independent States, Central and Eastern Europe and China compared // Entrepreneurship & Regional Development. Vol. 24, No. 3-4, p. 215-233. doi: 10.1080/08985626.2012.670914.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
51. Sternberg, R. (2010). Neither Planned nor by Chance: How Knowledge-intensive Clusters Emerge / In Emerging Clusters: Theoretical, Empirical and Political Perspectives on the Initial Stage of Cluster Evolution, ed. D. Fornahl, S. Henn and M.-P. Menzel. - Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, p. 295-323.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
52. Storper, M. (1998). Industrial Policy for Latecomers: Products, Conventions, and Learning / In Latecomers in the Global Economy, ed. M. Storper, S. B. Thomadakis and L. J. Tsipouri. - London: Routledge, p. 13-39.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
53. Strzelecka, M., Wicks, B. E. (2015). Community Participation and Empowerment in Rural Post-Communist Societies: Lessons from the Leader Approach in Pomerania, Poland // Tourism Planning & Development. Vol. 12, No. 4, p. 381-397. doi:10.1080/21568316.2015.1013564.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Preconditions for Emergence of Lithuanian Clusters: from Informal Cooperation to Its Legitimation

Abstract

Paradigm

My account