Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Mean values, standard deviations (S_D_), and correlations of variables
| Mean | S.D. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Age | - | - | 1 | ||||||||||||
| 2 | Gender | - | - | 0.053 | 1 | |||||||||||
| 3 | Current organisational level | - | - | 0.263 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | -0.069 | 1 | ||||||||||
| 4 | Education on enlistment | - | - | 0.166 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | -0.134 p< 0.05(two-tailed). | -0.123 | 1 | |||||||||
| 5 | Rank | - | - | 0.471 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | 0.124 | 0.385 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | -0.317 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | 1 | ||||||||
| 6 | Organisational tenure | - | - | 0.613 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | 0.080 | 0.359 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | -0.322 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | 0.771 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | 1 | |||||||
| 7 | PCB | 3.28 | 0.66 | -0.012 | 0.110 | -0.163 p< 0.05(two-tailed). | 0.081 | -0.064 | -0.062 | 1 | ||||||
| 8 | Transactional PCB | 2.90 | 0.87 | 0.113 | 0.032 | -0.011 | 0.129 p< 0.05(two-tailed). | -0.035 | 0.050 | 0.676 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | 1 | |||||
| 9 | Relational PBC | 3.50 | 0.79 | -0.107 | 0.113 | -0.196 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | 0.023 | 0.078 | -0.120 | 0.888 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | -0.298 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | 1 | ||||
| 10 | Social status | -0.38 | 0.71 | 0.183 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | -0.068 | 0.420 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | -0.045 | 0.256 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | 0.196 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | -0.352 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | -0.055 | -0.428 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | 1 | |||
| 11 | Junior Officer-to-Junior Officer CSS | 3.65 | 0.70 | -0.187 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | 0.114 | -0.081 | -0.011 | -0.247 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | -0.182 p< 0.05(two-tailed). | -0.272 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | -0.147 | -0.245 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | 0.188 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | 1 | ||
| 12 | Junior Officer-to-Senior Officer CSS | 3.37 | 0.82 | 0.059 | -0.184 p< 0.05(two-tailed). | 0.114 | 0.124 | -0.011 | 0.038 | -0.464 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | -0.098 | -0.569 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | 0.400 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | 0.354 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | 1 | |
| 13 | Turnover intentions | 3.28 | 1.05 | 0.098 | 0.200 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | -0.021 | -0.034 | 0.259 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | 0.229 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | 0.325 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | 0.091 | 0.373 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | -0.118 | -0.202 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | -0.329 p< 0.01 level (two-tailed); | 1 |
Regression results testing the direct and moderation hypotheses
| Variables | Turnover intentions | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1.2 | Model 1.2.1 | Model 1.3 | Model 1.4 | Model 2.3 | Model 2.4 | Model 3.3 | Model 3.4 | ||
| 1 | |||||||||
| Control variables | |||||||||
| Age | -0.129 | 0.098 | -0.118 | 0.094 | -0.175 | -0.164 | -0.157 | -0.134 | |
| Gender | -0.145 p <0.05 | -0.152 p <0.05 | -0.147 p <0.05 | 0.1389 p <0.05 | -0.153 p <0.05 | -0.150 p <0.05 | -0.137 p <0.05 | -0.127 p <0.05 | |
| Level | -0.024 | 0.001 | 0.012 | 0.032 | -0.070 | 0.068 | 0.013 | 0.015 | |
| Education | 0.116 | 0.135 | 0.110 | 0.113 | 0.142 | 0.140 | 0.161 p <0.05 | 0.150 | |
| Rank | 0.223 p <0.05 | 0.182 p <0.05 | 0.237 p <0.05 | -0.242 p <0.05 | -0.212 | -0.207 | -0.202 p <0.05 | -0.201 p <0.05 | |
| Tenure | 0.178 | 0.209 | 0.164 | 0.161 | 0.175 | 0.172 | 0.225 p <0.05 | 0.212 | |
| 2 | |||||||||
| Independent variable | |||||||||
| PCB | 0.320 p <0.001 | 0.308 p <0.001 | 0.329 p <0.001 | 0.240 p <0.01 | 0.248 p <0.01 | 0.193 p <0.01 | 0.203 p <0.01 | ||
| Transactional PCB | 0.029 | ||||||||
| Relational PCB | 0.395 p <0.001 | ||||||||
| Social status (SS) | 0.067 | -0.075 | |||||||
| JOCSS | 0.099 | -0.115 | |||||||
| socss | 0.234 p <0.01 | -0.260 p <0.001 | |||||||
| 3 | |||||||||
| Moderators | |||||||||
| PCB × SS | 0.135 p <0.05 | ||||||||
| PCB × JOCSS | 0.059 | ||||||||
| PCB × SOCSS | 0.133 p <0.05 | ||||||||
| R2 | 0.212 | 0.256 | 0.221 | 0.237 | 0.179 | 0.182 | 0.252 | 0.268 | |
| Ad R2j | 0.188 | 0.230 | 0.193 | 0.207 | 0.142 | 0.140 | 0.225 | 0.238 | |
| DR2 | 0.098 | 0.142 | 0.106 | 0.003 | 0.127 | ||||
| F | 8.847 p <0.001 | 9.987 p <0.001 | 7.995 p <0.001 | 7.767 p <0.001 | 4.848 p <0.001 | 4.374 p <0.001 | 9.228 p <0.001 | 8.865 p <0.001 | |