Abstract
This contribution brings a selection from the results of a research carried out during the years 2013 and 2014 among Czech and Slovak pupils of middle school age (i.e. 4th to 6th forms of primary schools). This study focused on monitoring and evaluating the differences and similarities in the value-oriented responses of pupils, according to the criteria of their nationality and sex. The pupils were expressing their opinions by means of a questionnaire survey with respect to selected situations on a four-degree scale and they further stated their vision of the world and their position in it. This contribution analyses statistically significant deviations which were found out among the positions held by Czech and Slovak boys and girls. The contribution also gives rise to a number of questions concerning the shift in values among the population of pupils of the formerly unified state.