Spatial Variability of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity in Irrigated Agricultural Soils of Beni Moussa Sub-Perimeter, Tadla, Morocco

Figures & Tables

Soil parameter	Descriptive statistics
Soil parameter	Unit	N	Mean	Max	Min	SD	Variance	Skewness	Kurtosis
Saturated hydraulic conductivity	mm · h⁻¹	70	380.68	679.06	32.60	147.61	21,791.200	0.852	–0.112
Bulk density	g · cm⁻¹	70	0.82	1.43	1.17	0.13	0.019	–0.437	0.219
Porosity	(%)	70	45.00	68.53	54.60	5.26	27.699	0.437	0.219
Water content	(%)	70	0.74	49.39	18.88	7.96	63.393	0.844	2.695
Water	–log[H+]	70	7.06	8.64	7.84	0.41	0.171	–0.123	–0.926
Electrical conductivity	μS · cm⁻¹	70	24.30	1414.00	289.65	293.78	86,309.040	1.884	3.568
Total dissolved solids	mg · l⁻¹	70	11.87	750.00	171.75	168.34	28,339.940	1.908	3.826
Organic matter	(%)	70	2.53	27.98	9.72	4.12	17.047	1.869	5.996
CaCo3	(%)	70	1.50	16.20	5.63	2.39	5.736	1.869	5.996
Clay	(%)	70	7.00	61.30	38.89	14.09	198.600	–0.775	–0.440
Silt	(%)	70	13.00	81.26	41.47	15.03	226.135	0.662	0.266
Sand	(%)	70	2.25	34.85	17.25	6.11	37.406	0.670	0.883

Soil parameter	Correlations
Soil parameter	Clay	Silt	Sand	Organic carbon	pH H2O	Water content	Porosity	Bulk density	Saturated hydraulic conductivity
Clay	1
Silt	–0.906**	1
Sand	–0.022	–0.355**	1
Organic carbon	0.168	–0.064	–0.179	1
pH H2O	–0.045	–0.018	0.087	–0.429**	1
Water content	–0.124	0.040	0.249*	–0.225	0.314**	1
Porosity	–0.089	–0.118	0.455**	0.015	–0.079	0.224	1
Bulk density	0.089	0.118	–0.455**	–0.015	0.079	–0.224	–1.000**	1
Saturated hydraulic conductivity	–0.295*	0.264*	0.068	–0.040	0.069	0.333**	–0.117	0.117	1

Soil parameter	Semi-variogram model	Nugget C0	Sill (C0 + C)	N/S [%]	Range [m]	Moran’s I
pH (water)	Spherical	0.0196	98.67	77.47	23,943.08	0.097
Electrical conductivity	Spherical	0.0015	32.25	20.27	36,857.24	–0.168
CaCO3	Spherical	0.0164	125.99	71.28	38,431.47	0.188
Organic carbon	Spherical	0.0095	138.88	62.95	20,929.04	–0.184
Sand	Spherical	0.0016	98.44	52.48	5738.90	0.070
Clay	Spherical	0.0183	68.80	86.05	37,250.14	–0.002
Silt	Spherical	0.0038	22.60	48.89	5939.51	–0.163
Porosity	Spherical	0.0192	168.97	41.56	10,851.70	0.231
Saturated hydraulic conductivity	Spherical	0.0042	114.51	28.70	5838.28	0.201
Organic matter	Spherical	0.0147	121.40	56.65	5215.99	–0.162
pH (KCl)	Spherical	0.0031	92.53	53.84	20,617.10	0.219
Total dissolved solids	Spherical	0.0172	5.37	88.92	11,538.66	–0.140
Water content	Exponential	0.0010	0.85	30.59	23,207.25	–0.220
Bulk density	Spherical	0.0112	151.38	36.13	39,548.55	0.296

Soil parameter	Mean error	Root mean square error RMSE	Root mean square standardised error RMSSE	Average standard error
pH (water)	–8.98E–07	0.0086	0.8049	0.0107
Electrical conductivity	–0.00026496	5.7996	0.7820	7.4201
CaCO3	–0.000938	0.0183	0.8570	0.0214
Organic carbon	–0.000006	0.0399	0.7782	0.0511
Sand	–0.000056	0.1373	0.8078	0.1702
Clay	–0.000201	0.4317	0.8036	0.5378
Silt	0.000049	0.3668	0.3026	1.2130
Porosity	0.000015	0.1693	0.6288	0.2693
Saturated hydraulic conductivity	0.000110	4.8441	0.8058	6.0197
Organic matter	–0.000103	0.0687	0.7782	0.0884
pH (KCl)	–0.000705	0.0086	0.8049	0.0107
Total dissolved solids	0.000001	0.1381	0.8409	0.1649
△θ	–0.000015	0.0141	0.7615	0.0186
Bulk density	–1.68E–07	0.0032	0.8349	0.0039