Climatic Determinants of Changes in the Ice Regime of Carpathian Rivers Cover

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Climatic Determinants of Changes in the Ice Regime of Carpathian Rivers

Quaestiones Geographicae

Volume 44 (2025): Issue 1 (March 2025)

By: Maksymilian Fukś and Łukasz Wiejaczka

Open Access

|Mar 2025

Figures & Tables

Study area and locations of measurement points.

Number of days with ice cover (IC) at each station (top panel) and the ratio of the share of total ice cover (TIC) and border ice (BI) in the sum of days with ice cover (bottom panel).

Moving averages (5-year window) of dates on the first and last days of ice cover occurrence (sums of total ice and border ice).

Time series of streamflow at selected stations filtered using the MASH method for the period 1980–2020.

Trend (1980–2020) and percentage change in the number of days with ice cover during the period 2001–2020 compared to the period 1980–2000 by month_

Station code	% change in 2001–2020 compared to 1980–2000						Trend [days per decade]
Station code	Nov	Dec	Jan	Feb	Mar	Winter	Trend [days per decade]
H1	–94.9	–38.8	–23.5	–37.1	–30.0	–36.4	–11.1***
H2	–93.5	–30.3	–14.1	–25.2	–15.0	–25.8	–8.9**
H3	–54.3	0.7	16.6	5.0	15.7	4.9	–3.0
H4	–73.8	–9.6	4.4	–12.3	0.0	–7.0	–4.1
H5	–67.6	–5.3	–5.0	–14.9	–19.3	–13.1	–6.7*
H6	–84.5	–8.5	3.7	11.2	24.5	–0.6	–0.8
H7	–95.2	–28.1	2.8	–17.7	–1.4	–16.5	–5.0*
H8	–75.9	–29.8	–5.3	–34.5	–20.8	–25.4	–9.0***
H9	–96.6	–33.7	–8.7	–27.1	–42.7	–27.2	–8.5**
H10	–83.3	–24.9	–10.9	–21.8	–32.5	–23.0	–11.3***
H11	–80.7	5.9	–2.3	–29.2	–2.3	–14.2	–4.9
H12	–67.3	–23.4	–13.0	–29.8	–32.1	–27.0	–11.4***
H13	–61.0	–12.9	–5.9	–17.7	–39.5	–20.4	–9.6***

Trends in average air temperature over the period 1980–2020 in the study area_

Station code/dataset	Trend [°C per decade]
Station code/dataset	Nov	Dec	Jan	Feb	Mar	Winter
CRU-TS	0.76***	0.40	0.21	0.63	0.62*	0.47**
C1	0.87***	0.34	0.16	0.69	0.44	0.41*
C2	0.55**	0.26	0.10	0.61	0.23	0.31
C3	0.74**	0.40	0.21	0.68	0.24	0.40*
C4	0.71*	0.13	0.50	0.92*	0.40	0.47**
C5	0.79***	0.19	0.23	0.64	0.21	0.37**
C6	0.85***	0.43	0.44	0.67*	0.38	0.49**
C7	0.85***	0.44	0.38	0.76*	0.26	0.49**

Trends in water temperature at gauging stations_

Station code	Trend [°C per decade]
Station code	Nov	Dec	Jan	Feb	Mar	Winter
H4	1.00***	0.09	–0.06	0.00	0.03	0.22***
H5	0.76***	0.47***	0.22**	0.27**	0.39**	0.46***
H8	0.80***	0.26*	0.06	0.16**	0.29*	0.34***
H9	0.85***	0.37***	0.04	0.10*	0.66***	0.42***

Trends in discharge at gauging stations_

Station code	Trend [m³ s⁻¹ per decade]
Station code	Nov	Dec	Jan	Feb	Mar	Winter
H1	0.80	0.19	0.45	1.33**	0.90	0.73**
H2	0.14	–0.15	0.05	0.72**	0.23	0.14
H3	0.15	–0.09	0.09	0.82	0.17	0.20
H4	0.13	–0.16	0.26	1.62**	–0.31	0.11
H5	1.08*	0.11	0.47	1.17**	0.55	0.74**
H6	–0.01	–0.18	–0.22	0.32	–0.60	–0.23
H7	0.04	–0.17	–0.19	0.89**	–0.65	–0.03
H8	0.04	0.02	–0.03	0.55**	–0.28	0.03
H9	1.42	0.05	0.69	2.68**	1.10	1.24*
H10	1.14*	0.20	0.43	1.83***	0.68	0.98**
H11	0.00	–0.25	0.15	0.82**	–0.07	0.20
H12	0.23	–0.16	0.78*	0.93**	0.74	0.55*
H13	0.73	0.12	0.77*	1.53**	1.43*	1.09***

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2025-0009 | Journal eISSN: 2081-6383 | Journal ISSN: 2082-2103

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Language: English

Page range: 131 - 143

Submitted on: Jan 9, 2025

Published on: Mar 15, 2025

Published by: Adam Mickiewicz University

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

river ice cover,

river ice regime,

water temperature,

Related subjects:

© 2025 Maksymilian Fukś, Łukasz Wiejaczka, published by Adam Mickiewicz University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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