Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Slums Effect on Urban Sustainability: Suggested Planning Mechanisms for Development Cover

Slums Effect on Urban Sustainability: Suggested Planning Mechanisms for Development

Open Access
|Jun 2024

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

The study flowchart. Source: own elaboration.
The study flowchart. Source: own elaboration.

Fig. 2.

The study area location map. Source: own compilation.
The study area location map. Source: own compilation.

Fig. 3.

Comparison between part of the study area and a formal area in Kut city.
Source: own compilation.
Comparison between part of the study area and a formal area in Kut city. Source: own compilation.

Fig. 4.

Slums in poor countries.
Source: United Nations Human Settlements Programme, 2009: 62.
Slums in poor countries. Source: United Nations Human Settlements Programme, 2009: 62.

Fig. 5.

Results of the impact of land-for-time policy on the social side.
Source: own study.
Results of the impact of land-for-time policy on the social side. Source: own study.

Fig. 6.

Results of the impact of the land-for-time policy on the environmental side.
Source: own study.
Results of the impact of the land-for-time policy on the environmental side. Source: own study.

Fig. 7.

The results of the impact of the land-for-time policy on the economic side.
Source: own study.
The results of the impact of the land-for-time policy on the economic side. Source: own study.

Fig. 8.

Results of the impact of land-for-time policy on urban sustainability factors.
Results of the impact of land-for-time policy on urban sustainability factors.
A commercial bypass on the axes of the regional movement
A commercial bypass on the axes of the regional movement
A commercial bypass with a pool of dirty water on the axes of the regional movement
A commercial bypass with a pool of dirty water on the axes of the regional movement
Animals grazing waste
Animals grazing waste
A commercial and service bypass on the axes of the regional movement
A commercial and service bypass on the axes of the regional movement
A commercial and industrial bypass on the axes of the regional movement
A commercial and industrial bypass on the axes of the regional movement
Industrial services and a mosque in the bypass area
Industrial services and a mosque in the bypass area

Percentage of respondents by the type of housing unit_

Apartment typeObserved frequencies and their percentagesSlum areaTotal
Damoc and ZahraAl-karamaAljihadEiza
HouseRepetition3101765212550
Ratio of residential unit type56%32%10%2%100%
Ratio of random area89%72%61%57%79%
Percentage of total44%25%7%2%79%
Mud HouseRepetition3566264131
Ratio of residential unit type27%50%20%3%100%
Ratio of random area10%27%31%19%19%
Percentage of total5%9%4%1%19%
Metal ShantiesRepetition347519
Ratio of residential unit type16%21%37%26%100%
Ratio of random area1%2%8%24%3%
Percentage of total0%1%1%1%3%
TotalRepetition3482468521700
Ratio of residential unit type50%35%12%3%100%
Ratio of random area100%100%100%100%100%
Percentage of total50%35%12%3%100%
Coefficient of compatibility and its significanceCC = 0.336P = 0.000HS

The social aspect_

Very highHighMediumMinimumNo effectMinimum negative impactMedium negative impactHigh negative impactVery high negative impact
1Security of slums and city7111214321
2Providing shelter for people2419118321
3Failure to reward transgressors and deter transgression301042211
4Legitimising services and improving social status251173211
5Social justice131110542212

The environmental aspect_

Very highHighMediumMinimumNo effectMinimum negativeMedium negativeHigh negativeVery high negative
1Impact on natural environment1311124721
2Impact on city’s environment1516664111
3Improved slum environment12167452211
4Depletion of agricultural land and distinctive sites in city1416934121

Do you think there are technical obstacles that prevent the implementation of the idea of exchange (land for time)?

There are no technical obstacles38There are technical obstacles13

The economic aspect_

Very highHighMediumMinimumNo effectMinimum negativeMedium negativeHigh NegativeVery high negative
1Impact on city’s economic efficiency1114875221
2Maintaining value of real estate in city2911322111
3Preserving urban capital132076121
4Effect on transport movement in city2419118321
5Processing policies expenses2112743111

Land-for-time policy effect on urban sustainability factors in the form (positive, neutral, negative)_

AspectInfluence% positive% neutral% negative
EnvironmentalImpact on natural environment72262
Impact on city’s environment74242
Improved slum environment70228
Depletion of agricultural land and distinctive sites in city78166
EconomicImpact on city’s economic efficiency66286
Maintaining value of real estate in city86104
Preserving urban capital80182
Effect on transport movement in city50446
Processing policies expenses84124
SocialSecurity of slums and city60382
Providing shelter for people50446
Failure to reward transgressors and deter transgression88102
Legitimising services and improving social status86122
Social justice682210

Is the idea of exchange (land for time) practical and applicable?

It can be applied easily23It can be applied with difficulty19It cannot be applied8

Do you think there are administrative obstacles that prevent the implementation of the idea of exchange (land for time)?

There are no administrative obstacles35There are administrative obstacles15th

Slums solutions compared with the use of the goal achievement matrix_

Main objectivesWeightSecondary goalsWeightCurrent situationRemoval policyUpgrading policyTrade-off policy
Social aspect33Security of slums and city71545
Providing shelter for people75155
Failure to reward transgressors and deter transgression63605
Providing services and improving social status61155
Social justice73346
Environmental aspect34Impact on natural environment102868
Impact on city’s environment82646
Improved slum environment71166
Depletion of agricultural land in city92748
Economic aspect33Impact on city’s economic efficiency92737
Maintaining value of real estate in city42323
Preserving urban capital64254
Effect on transport movement in city82735
Processing policies expenses61402
100Total10031615175
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2024-0019 | Journal eISSN: 2081-6383 | Journal ISSN: 2082-2103
Language: English
Page range: 49 - 66
Submitted on: Jan 19, 2024
Published on: Jun 21, 2024
Published by: Adam Mickiewicz University
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Related subjects:

© 2024 Ihsan Abbas Jasim, Ahmed Hani Al-Tamimi, Laheab A. Al-Maliki, Sohaib K. Al-Mamoori, published by Adam Mickiewicz University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.