A Review on Porous-Tipped Writing Instruments—Current Market Trends, Properties, and Analytical Methodologies
By: Clarra Moore and Patrick Buzzini
References
- M. Calcerrada, C. García-Ruiz, Analysis of Questioned Documents: A Review, Anal. Chim. Acta., 853 (2015) 143–166.
- R. L. Brunelle, K. R. Crawford,
Advances in the Forensic Analysis and Dating of Writing Ink , Charles C. Thomas Publisher, LTD., Illinois, 2003. - J. S. Kelly, B. S. Lindblom,
Scientific Examination of Questioned Documents , CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, Florida, 2006, 147–158. - D. C. Florence, H.H. Harralson, J.G. Barabe, An Introduction to Gel Inks: History and Analysis, J. Forensic Doc. Exam., 17 (2005) 33–64.
- D. A. Black, Fiber Tipped Pens, J. Crim. Law Criminol. Police Sci., 57 (1966) 521–525.
- A. Owens, Module 6: Media for Two-Dimensional Art, Drawing, 7 (1985) 1–33.
- L. W. Newman, Marking Pen, United States Patent 946,149, 1901.
- C. A. Garvey, Brush, United States Patent 1,297,675, 1919.
- B. Paskach, Fountain Paintbrush, United States Patent 1,601,596, 1926.
- E. C. Wood, Lettering Brush, Untied States Patent 1,968,062, 1934.
- J. S. Cushman, Marking Device, United States Patent 2,453,201.
- S. N. Rosenthal, Marking Pen, United States Patent 2,547,541, 1951.
- M. Bellis, The History of Pencils, Markers, Pens, and Erasers, ThoughtCo,
https://www.thoughtco.com/writing-instrument-history-4083355 . Accessed Oct. 31, 2019. - S. Lunzer, Reservoir Marking Instrument, United States Patent 2,097,496, 1937.
- K. Rath, Marking Pen, United States Patent 2,396,058, 1946.
- E. W. Rickmeyer, Writing Instrument, United States Patent 2,666,416, 1954.
- R. H. Bunzl, R. M. Berger, Marking Device, United States Patent 3,094,736, 1963.
- H. Hartman, Arrangement for Improving the Writing Properties of Fiber-Point Pens and the Like, United States Patent 3,502,417, 1970.
- E. L. Goodenow, J. O’Sullivan, D. W. Seregely, Process for the Continuous Manufacture of Porous Writing Tips, United States Patent 3,558,392, 1971.
- E. L. Goodenow, J. O’Sullivan, D. W. Seregely, Porous Objects for Writing Instruments, United States Patent 3,623,941, 1971.
- W. S. Togyesi, Composite Fibrous Writing Instrument Elements and Their Manufacture, United States Patent 3,715,254, 1973.
- D. D. Wooley, Continuous Process of Manufacturing Polymeric Composition Writing Points and Devices, Untied States Patent 3,778,495, 1973.
- H. Hori, Method for Producing Pen Core from Filament Tows, Untied States Patent 3,864,183, 1975.
- F. O. Jones, Pens Nibs and Therefor, United States Patent 3,881,828, 1975.
- C. E. Miller, N. G. Naggar, Methods and Means of Improving Laydown and Writing Characteristics of Fibrous Points and Points Obtained Thereby, United States Patent 3,945,869, 1976.
- Y. Midorikawa, Writing Pen Core Having an Integral Nib and Ink Reservoir and Method of Manufacture, United States Patent 4,086,312, 1978.
- Y. Midorikawa, Nib-Type Writing Pen and Method of Manufacture, United States Patent 4,287,146, 1981.
- M. Nagahama, M. Ohsawa, M. Kawasaki, Nib for Writing Instruments, United States Patent 4,824,271, 1989.
- P. W. Raynolds, S. Bagrodia, Ink Reservoir Containing Modified Polyester Fibers, United States Patent 5,124,205, 1992.
- H. Adder, L. A. Carlson, L. H. Johnson, C. L. Donaldson, Fibrous Nib for Use in A Capillary Feed Marker, Untied States Patent 5,672,021, 1997.
- History of Pencils, History of Marker Pens,
http://www.historyofpencils.com/writing-instruments-history/history-of-marker-pens/ . Accessed Nov. 4, 2019. - G. M. LaPorte, J. C. Stephens,
Forensic Chemistry Handbook , L. Kobilinsky (Ed.), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New Jersey, 2012, 225–250. - D. Ellen,
The Scientific Examination of Documents: Methods and Techniques , 4th, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, New York, 1989, 111–151. - R. Radley, Determination of Sequence of Intersecting ESDA Impressions and Porous Tip, Fibre Tip, and Rollerball Pen Inks, Sci. Justice, 35 (1995), 267–272.
- O. Hilton, Effects of Writing Instruments on Handwriting Details, J. Forensic Sci., 29 (1984) 8086.
- O. Hilton, Distinctive Qualities of Today’s Pens, J. Forensic Sci. Soc., 24 (1984) 157–164.
- R. L. Feller, Felt-Tipped Markers and the Need for Standards of Lightfastness for Artists’ Colorants, Bulletin IIC - Amer. Group, 8:1 (1967) 24–26.
- J. Mathyer, The Influence of Writing Instruments on Handwriting and Signatures, J. Crim. Law Criminol. Police Sci., 60 (1969) 102–112.
- J. A. Tappolet, The High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). Its Application to the Examination of Writing Inks, Forensic Sci. Int., 22 (1983) 99–109.
- K. Franke, O. Bünnemeyer, T. Sy,
Ink Texture Analysis for Writer Identification, Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition , IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, 2002, 268–273. - K. Bojko, C. Roux, B. J. Reedy, An Examination of the Sequence of Intersecting Lines Using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectral Imaging, J. Forensic Sci., 53:6 (2008), 1458–1467.
- V. A. G. da Silva, M. Talhavini, I. C. F. Peixoto, J. J. Zacca, A. O. Maldaner, J. W. B. Braga, NonDestructive Identification of different Types and Brands of Blue Pen Inks in Cursive Handwriting by Visible Spectroscopy and PLS-DA for Forensic Analysis, Microchem. J., 116 (2014), 235–243.
- C. Moore, P. Buzzini, Evaluation of Gray Value Measurements of Visual Spectral Data to the Characterization of Alcohol-based ink from Colored Felt-Tipped Blending Markers, American Academy of Forensic Sciences Annual Scientific Meeting, Maryland, U.S., February 2019.
- C. Moore, P. Buzzini, Analysis of Colored Felt- Tipped Blending Marker Ink Using Gray Value Measurements of Visual Spectral Data, 77th Annual General Meeting of the American Society of Questioned Document Examiners, North Carolina, U.S., August 2019.
- F. Miyata, Y. Okuda, Ink Composition, United States Patent 3,945,837, 1976.
- M. Brenke, D. Koch, Marker or Felt Pen, United States Patent 4,931,093, 1990.
- J. Li, C. R. Mott, Aqueous Permanent Coloring Composition, United States Patent 5,288,160, 1994.
- R. Fraas, Aqueous Ink Having an Extended Cap- Off Time and Process of Manufacture Thereof, United States Patent 5,961,703, 1999.
- A. Sodo, M. Bicchieri, M. Guiso, M. A. Ricci, and G. Ricci, Raman Investigations on Marker Pen Inks, J. Raman Spectosc, 43 (2012) 1781–1787.
- A. Kula, R. Wietech-Posluszny, K. Pasionek, M. Król, M. Wozniakiewicz, P. Koscielniak, Application of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy to Examination of Writing Inks for Forensic Purposes, Sci. Justice, 54 (2014) 118–125.
- F. C. Izzo, V. Vitale, C. Fabbro, H. Van Keulen, Multi-Analytical Investigation on Felt-Tip Pen Inks: Formulation and Preliminary Photodegradation Study, Microchem. J., 124 (2016),
919928 . - S. Garrappa, G. Germinario, I. D. van der Werf, A. Mirabile, L. Sabbatini, Multi-analytical Study of Artist Felt-Tip Pen Inks, International Conference on Metrology for Archeology and Cultural Heritage, Torino, Italy,
October 2016 . - G. Germinario, S. Garrappa, V. D’Ambrosio, I. D. van der Werf, L. Sabbatini, Chemical Composition of Felt-Tip Pen Inks, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 410 (2018) 1079–1094.
- G. D. Smith, V. J. Chen, K. F. Hostettler, C. E. Phipps, Disappearing Ink! Unraveling the Fading of a Contemporary Design Object, Phys. Sci. Rev., 4:7 (2019) 1–23
DOI: https://doi.org/10.69525/jasqde.267 | Journal eISSN: 1524-7287
Language: English
Page range: 21 - 32
Published on: Dec 1, 2020
Published by: American Society of Questioned Document Examiners
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
© 2020 Clarra Moore, Patrick Buzzini, published by American Society of Questioned Document Examiners
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.