Figure 1
Printed text that intersects with two tracks in handwriting.
Figure 2
The same target of Figure 1, following the 3D scan. The axonometric representation in this slide is in brown shades.
Figure 3
The 3D detail of the two intersections within the dashed red line, visible in Figure 2. Note: pseudo color levels are used to highlight better what happens in the intersection points.
Figure 4
Detail of a portion of the two ballpoint pens: in blue and black, of Figure 1.
Figure 5
Detail of a black ink, using a ballpoint pen (Bic, standard model pen).
Figure 6
The same image of Figure 5 where toner particles released during printing are clearly visible.
Figure 7
The same image of Figure 6 obtained using NIR and UV lighting source together (visible particles on grooves are marked with blue circles).
Table 1
The make and model of the 52 pens used to perform the test.
| PEN NUMBER | MAKE | MODEL | BLACK | BLUE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | STAEDTLER | Noris Stick 434 M | + | |
| 2 | BIC | Atlantis | ++ | |
| 3 | BIC | + | ||
| 4 | PENTEL | E-ball-BK 130 1.0 med | ++ | |
| 5 | PAPER MATE | FLEXGRIP ultra MED | + | |
| 6 | STABILO | ++ | ||
| 7 | PARKER | + | ||
| 8 | STAEDTLER | Germany | ++ | |
| 9 | tratto | 1 | + | |
| 10 | PARKER | ++ | ||
| 11 | BIC | SOFT Feel Eliminator | + | |
| 12 | STAEDTLER | Stick 430 M Gr Britain | ++ | |
| 13 | PAPER MATE | Comfort_Mate_MED | + | |
| 14 | PILOT | REXGRIP M | ++ | |
| 15 | PILOT | BP-S MATIC fine | + | |
| 16 | BRIO PEN | ++ | ||
| 17 | fibracolor | HI_TEXT 660 1mm | + | |
| 18 | BIC | MEDIUM | ++ | |
| 19 | tratto | MATIC | + | |
| 20 | PILOT | BP-S MATIC fine | ++ | |
| 21 | PILOT | SUPER GRIP (F) | + | |
| 22 | PILOT | BPS_GP (B) | ++ | |
| 23 | fibracolor | HI-TEXT MATIC 900 1 mm | + | |
| 24 | PAPER MATE | Click 2020 M | ++ | |
| 25 | BIC | + | ||
| 26 | PAPER MATE | FLEXGRIP ultra MED | ++ | |
| 27 | Pentel | BK 77 SUPERB | + | |
| 28 | BIC | ++ | ||
| 29 | PILOT | BP.S FINE | + | |
| 30 | BIC | SOFT Feel Med | ++ | |
| 31 | PAPER MATE | Click 2020 M | + | |
| 32 | STAEDTLER | Noris Stick 434 F | ++ | |
| 33 | LAMY | M21 | + | |
| 34 | Corvina | “91”UNIVERSAL | ++ | |
| 35 | PILOT | BPS-GP(B) | + | |
| 36 | Pentel | BK 77 SUPERB | ++ | |
| 37 | SHEAFFER | SWEDEN | + | |
| 38 | PAPER MATE | M 80 % | ++ | |
| 39 | PAPER MATE | + | ||
| 40 | PAPER MATE | Eraser.max med | ++ | |
| 41 | LUS | HF500-ITALY | + | |
| 42 | WATERMAN | ++ | ||
| 43 | INOXCROM | SPAIN | + | |
| 44 | STAEDTLER | Triplus ball M | ++ | |
| 45 | PENTEL | BK 77 SUPERB | + | |
| 46 | PARKER | SONET | ++ | |
| 47 | PAPER MATE | M 80 % | + | |
| 48 | LUS | HF500-ITALY | ++ | |
| 49 | NIPPEN | Sunny stick | + | |
| 50 | NIPPEN | Sunny stick | ++ | |
| 51 | PILOT | REXGRIP F | + | |
| 52 | PILOT | BP.S FINE | ++ |
[i] Note: of 52 inks used for the test, only two disappear partially under NIR illumination. These two inks are number 11 (Bic Soft Feel Eliminator) and number 37 (Sheaffer Sweden).
Although difficult, it is still possible to detect the toner particles even for the two inks described above.
Table 2
The make and model of mechanical printing used to perform the test.
| LASER PRINTERS | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Brand | Model | B/White | Color |
| BROTHER | 5350DN | + | |
| EPSON | AL-M 400 | + | |
| HP | Laser Jet 1320 | + | |
| HP | Color laser Jet 1600 | + | |
| HP | Laser Jet 4000 N | + | |
| KYOCERA | FS 1300 D | + | |
| LEXMARK | X 66654 DE | + | |
| OKI | Serie C 5000 | + | |
| RICOH | MP 2550 | + | |
| SAMSUNG | CLP 510 W | ++ | |
| XEROX | Phaser 6110 | + | |
| MULTIFUNCTION PRINTERS (Toner based) | |||
| Brand | Model | B/White | Color |
| BROTHER L | MFC 9180 | + | |
| CANON–Sensys | MF 65 50 | + | |
| SAMSUNG | 6555 N | + | |
| SAMSUNG | 8385 DN | ++ | |
| SAMSUNG L | CLX 3175 | ++ | |
| PHOTOCOPIERS (Toner based) | |||
| Brand | Model | B/White | Color |
| INFOTEC | 54181 MF | + | |
| RICOH | Aficio 1022 | + | |
Figure 8
The reseach microscope used to perform the instrumental analysis: 1) coaxial illumination; 2) X-Y table to move the microscope, with a resolution of 10 μm/axis; 3) NIR power source; 4) prototype of Digital Camera “Star Gate”; 5) Flash light for UV; 6) aluminum structure to greatly lighten the instrument in its entirety; 7) Pocket digital multispectral microscope.
Figure 9
Basic diagram of the system for recovery through the camera called Star Gate.
Figure 10
The target in the visible spectrum.
Figure 11
The target taken in NIR transmitted mode.
Figure 12
The target taken in NIR and UV in grazing mode simultaneously. A toner particle (red circle) present along the left path of the manuscript is the one that will be considered for analysis of the overlap.
Figure 13
The same toner particle indicated by the arrow in Figure 12 appears with (only) NIR lighting in transmission, using a 50x lens.
Figure 14
The same micro residue (referred to in Figure 13) taken by the Star Gate camera in true color mode using coaxial illumination, with 50x lens.
Figure 15
The same micro residue (referred to in Figure 14) acquired by the Star Gate camera in color mode in coaxial illumination and 100x lens.
Figure 16
The micro residual toner chosen to determine the sequence of affixiation between it and the black pen ink.
Figure 17
The same toner particle indicated by the arrow in Figure 16, using only NIR lighting 910nm in transmission, with 50x lens.
Figure 18
The same micro residue (referred to in Figure 16) acquired by the Star Gate camera in color mode in coaxial illumination and 50x lens.
Figure 19
The same micro residue (referred to in Figure 18) but using 100x lens.
Figure 15
Ball pen Ink above Toner.
Figure 19
Toner above ball pen ink.