Table 1
Groupings of observed features into factors.
| Factor | Observed features |
|---|---|
| Speed | Writing speed |
| Construction | Altered letter construction/style Disconnected letter forms Altered ascenders or descenders Altered initial or terminal strokes Angularity Altered stroke order Unusual/awkward letter forms/embellished Proportions No attempt to simulate Connectivity Inconspicuous significant dissimilarities Diacritic Similarities in letter forms/details Imitation of obvious features |
| Size | Letter size |
| Spacing | Spacing |
| Neatness | Neatness Retracing/overwriting Corrections Lack of internal consistency |
| Slope | Altered slope |
| Pressure | Apparent writing pressure |
| Format | Altered baseline Altered punctuation Spelling Margin habits |
| Tremor | Complexity/skill level Fluency |
Figure 1
Example of the nested two-level structure of data for a FHE.
Table 2
PA-GEE analysis with binomial distribution, logit link and exchangeable working, including handwriting type.
| Disguised | Simulated | |
|---|---|---|
| Factor | Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) | Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) |
| SPEED | 2.82 | 0.82 |
| CONSTRUCTION | 1.17 | 1.42* |
| SIZE | 2.55 | 0.48* |
| SPACING | 0.51 | 0.98 |
| NEATNESS | 1.00 | 1.01 |
| SLOPE | 5.33* | 0.36* |
| PRESSURE | 5.87 | 0.80 |
| FORMAT | 0.48 | 1.70 |
| TREMOR | 0.78 | 1.64* |
| *Statistically significant at 5%. | ||
Figure 2
Naturally written sample (left) and disguised sample (right) displaying an alteration in slope.
Figure 3
Naturally written sample (left) and simulated sample (right) showing similarities in gross aspects of letter construction, but with the simulated sample exhibiting decreased fluency.