Figure 1
Displays, EU stock (source: Kolbinger et al. 2025, p. 9).
Figure 2
Screen diagonal (inches) of televisions in EPREL (source: Kolbinger et al. 2025, p. 29).
Figure 3
ANSI/CTA-2037-D test set-up (adapted from Hardy (2025; p. 26)).
Figure 4
Relevant parameters for display efficiency.
Table 1
Type and number of settings for a display.
| NUMBER OF SETTINGS | TYPE OF SETTINGS | |
|---|---|---|
| PRESET (PPS) | MANUAL | |
| Single | Single PPS | Single parameter |
| Multiple | Multiple PPS | Multiple parameters |
Figure 5
Power versus luminance.
Figure 6
Power versus luminance at different PPS, for two different display models.
Figure 7
Average luminance versus on power and screen area – by technology type for SDR.
Figure 8
Screen size versus average efficiency by technology type for SDR.
Figure 9
Average efficiency versus screen resolution by technology type for SDR.
Figure 10
Screen area versus screen resolution by technology type for SDR.
Table 2
Multiple regression results for efficiency metrics.
| CHARACTERISTIC | STD BETA | BETA | 99% CI | P-VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average efficiency in SDR ((cd/m2)/W) | ||||
| (intercept) | 0.03314 | –0.33551, 0.40180 | 0.8 | |
| Screen area (m2) | –0.44744 | –0.72488 | –1.30547, –0.14430 | 0.002 |
| Average luminance in SDR (in cd/m2) | 0.30417 | 0.003300 | 0.00035, 0.00565 | 0.004 |
| Screen resolution (megapixels) | –0.38169 | –0.02716 | –0.05268, –0.00164 | 0.006 |
| R2adj = 0.6414 | ||||
| Average efficiency in SDR (cd/W) | ||||
| (intercept) | –1.73579 | –2.03934, –1.43225 | <0.001 | |
| Screen area (m2) | 0.78272 | 0.97056 | 0.49252, 1.44861 | <0.001 |
| Average luminance in SDR (in cd/m2) | 0.49155 | 0.00371 | 0.00152, 0.00589 | <0.001 |
| Screen resolution (megapixels) | –0.55730 | –0.03035 | –0.05136, –0.00934 | <0.001 |
| R2adj = 0.5851 | ||||
[i] Abbreviation: CI = Confidence Interval.
Table 3
Characteristics of displays in the dataset.
| CHARACTERISTICS | N = 47 MEDIAN (Q1, Q3) MEAN SD; n (%); [UNKNOWN] |
|---|---|
| Screen area (m2) | 0.50 (0.20, 0.82) 0.59 0.42 |
| Screen resolution (megapixels) | |
| 1.049088 | 5 (11%) |
| 2.0736 | 6 (13%) |
| 3.6864 | 1 (2.1%) |
| 8.2944 | 28 (60%) |
| 14.7456 | 2 (4.3%) |
| 33.1776 | 5 (11%) |
| HDR capable | 37 (79%) |
| Type of display | |
| LCD | 28 (60%) |
| MiniLED | 4 (8.5%) |
| OLED | 4 (8.5%) |
| QLED | 11 (23%) |
| On mode power and luminance | |
| Average on mode power in SDR (W) | 85 (34, 112) 85 52 [9] |
| Average luminance in SDR (in cd/m2) | 34 (26, 49) 48 69 [9] |
| Average on mode power in HDR (W) | Mean: 119; SD: 52 [38] |
| Average luminance in HDR (in cd/m2) | Mean: 42; SD: 18 [38] |
| Measured on mode power @ max luminance in HDR (W) | 99 (67, 145) 112 72 [10] |
| Efficiency | |
| Efficiency @ max luminance in SDR ((cd/m2)/W) | 0.68 (0.50, 0.98) 0.84 0.59 [9] |
| Efficiency @ max luminance in SDR (cd/W) | 0.39 (0.27, 0.46) 0.43 0.30 [9] |
| Average efficiency in SDR ((cd/m2)/W) | 0.51 (0.40, 0.85) 0.69 0.49 [9] |
| Average efficiency in SDR (cd/W) | 0.32 (0.23, 0.39) 0.34 0.19 [9] |
| Efficiency @ max luminance in HDR ((cd/m2)/W) | 0.41 (0.29, 0.65) 0.51 0.33 [10] |
| Efficiency @ max luminance in HDR (cd/W) | 0.22 (0.18, 0.37) 0.27 0.15 [10] |
| Average efficiency in HDR ((cd/m2)/W) | Mean: 0,42; SD: 0,17 [38] |
| Average efficiency in HDR (cd/W) | Mean: 0,36; SD: 0,21 [38] |