Enhancing energy efficiency in data centers: streamSAVE+ methodologies for energy savings assessment
By: Pedro Moura, Matevz Pusnik, Paula Fonseca and Jiří Karásek
References
- Alkrush, A, Ibrahim, M, Zhang, Y and Kim, J. 2024. ‘Cooling technologies and efficiency improvements in modern data centres: A review’. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 190.
- Bertoldi, P, Avgerinou, M and Castellazzi, L. 2017. ‘Trends in data centre energy consumption under the European Code of Conduct for Data Centre Energy Efficiency’. Energies, 10(10):
1470 . DOI: 10.3390/en10101470 - Booth, J, et al. 2024. European data centre energy performance trends.
- ENSMOV Plus. 2024. Monitoring and verification of energy savings in the European Union. ENSMOV Plus project report.
- European Commission. 2019. Recommendation (EU) 2019/1658 on transposing the energy savings obligations under the Energy Efficiency Directive. Brussels: European Commission.
- European Commission. 2023. Directive (EU) 2023/1791 on energy efficiency (recast). Brussels: European Commission.
- European Commission. 2024. Data centre energy performance monitoring framework.
- Hintemann, R and Hinterholzer, S. 2022. ‘Energy consumption of data centers worldwide’. Borderstep Institute Report.
- International Energy Agency (IEA). 2023. Data centres and data transmission networks. Paris: International Energy Agency.
- International Energy Agency (IEA). 2025. Energy and AI: World Energy Outlook Special Report. Paris: International Energy Agency. Available at:
https://www.iea.org . - Labanca, N and Bertoldi, P. 2016. ‘Beyond energy efficiency and individual behaviors: policy insights from social practice theories’. Energy Policy, 115: 494–502. DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2018.01.027
- Li, Y, Zhang, T and Chen, H. 2024. ‘Cooling energy demand and efficiency trends in large-scale data centres’. Energy and Buildings, 306.
- Masanet, E, Shehabi, A, Lei, N, Smith, S and Koomey, J. 2020. ‘Recalibrating global data center energy-use estimates’. Science, 367(6481): 984–986. DOI: 10.1126/science.aba3758
- Melmuka, A and Brandl, G, 2026. Report on MS needs including five future (PA) priority actions (D4.1). streamSAVE+ project report.
- Mi, Z, Guan, D and Liu, Z. 2023. ‘Evaluating free cooling potential in global data centres under different climate conditions’. Nature Energy, 8: 120–129.
- Moorkens, I, Knoops, G, Renders, N, Verheyen, J, Moura, P, Gerbelova, H, Pušnik, M, Bukarica, V, Hartman, V and Tourkolias, C. 2025a. Extended guidance for standardized savings methodologies and indicative values (D2.2). streamSAVE+ project report.
- Moorkens, I, Knoops, G, Renders, N, Verheyen, J, Moura, P, Gerbelova, H, Pušnik, M, Bukarica, V, Hartman, V and Tourkolias, C. 2025b. Integrated Excel templates into the streamSAVE+ platform and related guidance material (D2.5). streamSAVE+ project report.
- Moura, P, Fonseca, P, van Maris, K, Tourkolias, C, Hartman, V, Melmuka, A, Mižutavičius, M, Gerbelova, H, Pušnik, M and Tzanev, D. 2025. Translated existing bottom-up methodologies in EU-27 (D2.1). streamSAVE+ project report.
- Renders, N, Böck, E, Broc, J-S, Fonseca, P and Cremesty, J. 2023. Final report: Streamlining energy savings calculations in the EU Member States (D1.8). streamSAVE project, August 2023.
- Rosenow, J. 2023. ‘The role of energy efficiency in the energy transition’. Energy Policy, 176.
- Rosenow, J, Cowart, R and Bayer, E. 2019. ‘Energy efficiency obligation schemes: Their future in the EU’. Energy Efficiency, 12: 1287–1299. DOI: 10.1007/s12053-018-9766-x
- streamSAVE+. 2025. Priority actions – streamSAVE+ platform. Available at:
https://streamsaveplus.eu/priority-actions (accessed 28 February 2026). - United States Department of Energy. 2024. Data Center Energy Practitioner Program.
- Uptime Institute. 2024. Global Data Center Survey.
- Zhang, Y, Shehabi, A and Koomey, J. 2022. ‘Data center energy usage and cooling efficiency trends’. Energy Policy, 165.
- Zhou, F, Chen, X and Liu, J. 2024. ‘Review of advanced cooling technologies for sustainable data centres’. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 185.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.66506/essp.4-103-26 | Journal eISSN: 2001-7960
Language: English
Page range: 7 - 7
Submitted on: Mar 17, 2026
Accepted on: May 2, 2026
Published on: Jul 16, 2026
Published by: European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (eceee)
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
© 2026 Pedro Moura, Matevz Pusnik, Paula Fonseca, Jiří Karásek, published by European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (eceee)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.