
Implicit Messages of Narratives and Evaluative Text Structures: A Network-Based Approach
By: Benjamin Gittel
References
- Andriga, E. (1994). Wandel der Interpretation. Kafkas “Vor dem Gesetz” im Spiegel der Literaturwissenschaft. Springer.
- Appel, M. (2022). Affective Resistance to Narrative Persuasion. Journal of Business Research, 149, 850–9. 10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.05.001
- Bagrow, J. P., & Bollt, E. M. (2019). An Information-Theoretic, All-scales Approach to Comparing Networks. Applied Network Science, 4(1),
45 . 10.1007/s41109-019-0156-x - Beardsley, M. C. (1958). Aesthetics. Problems in the Philosophy of Criticism. New York and Burlingame: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc.
- Benamara, F., Taboada, M., & Mathieu, Y. (2017). Evaluative Language Beyond Bags of Words: Linguistic Insights and Computational Applications. Computational Linguistics, 43(1), 201–64. 10.1162/COLI_a_00278
- Bilandzic, H., & Busselle, R. (2013).
Narrative persuasion . In J. P. Dillard & L. Shen (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Persuasion: Developments in Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., (pp. 200–19). Sage Publications, Inc. 10.4135/9781452218410.n13 - Booth, W. C. (1961 [1983]). The Rhetoric of Fiction. University of Chicago Press.
- Brasch, A. S. (2017). Moderne - Regeneration - Erlösung. Der Begriff der “Kolonie” und die weltanschauliche Literatur der Jahrhundertwende. V & R unipress.
- Coll Ardanuy, M., & Sporleder, C. (2015). Clustering of Novels Represented as Social Networks. Journal of Linguistic Issues in Language Technology, 12(4), 1–33. 10.33011/lilt.v12i.1379
- Dimpel, F. M. (2018). Axiologische Dissonanzen: Widersprüchliche Aspekte der evaluativen Struktur in “Der feige Ehemann” und in “Drei Mönche von Kolmar. Beiträge zur mediävistischen Erzählforschung, 1, 123–56. 10.25619/BmE2018111.
- Folde, C. (2021). Exploring Fictional Truth. Content, Interpretation, and Narration. Frankfurt a. M.: Klostermann. 10.5771/9783465145622
- Gabriel, G. (2010).
Der Erkenntniswert der Literatur . In J. Urbich & A. Löck (Eds.), Der Begriff der Literatur, (pp. 247–62). De Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110225488.247 - García-Carpintero, M. (2020).
Assertion and Fiction . In S. C. Goldberg (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Assertion (pp. 437–58). Oxford University Press. - Gittel, B. (2023). »Der Roman zeigt, dass …«: Implizite literarische Assertionen, Weltanschauungen und ideologiekritische Interpretationen. Scientia Poetica, 27(1), 147–176. 10.1515/scipo-2023-006
- Gittel, B. (2025).
Evaluative Structures in Narrative Fiction (1.0.0) [Data set] . Zenodo. 10.5281/zenodo.16570556 - Gittel, B. (forthcoming). Annotationsrichtlinien für Evaluative Textstrukturen: Literarische Wertungen, Codierungen, und Oppositionen.
- Gius, E., & Jacke, J. (2017). The Hermeneutic Profit of Annotation. On Preventing and Fostering Disagreement in Literary Text Analysis. International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing, 11(2), 233–54. 10.3366/ijhac.2017.0194
- Grätz, K. (2016).
„Die Neger erobern Europa“. Primitivismus und Kulturkritik in der urbanen Moderne . In O. Agard & B. Beßlich (Eds.), Kulturkritik zwischen Deutschland und Frankreich (1890–1933) (pp. 75–89). Peter Lang. - Green, M. C., & Brock, T. C. (2002).
In the mind’s eye: Transportation-imagery model of narrative persuasion . In M. C. Green, J. J. Strange, & T. C. Brock (Eds.), Narrative impact: Social and cognitive foundations (pp. 315–41). Erlbaum. 10.4324/9781410606648 - Greimas, A. J. (1983 [1966]). Structural Semantics: An Attempt at a Method. Translated by McDowell, D., Schleifer, R., and Velie, A. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
- Hobson, D., et al. (2024). Story Morals: Surfacing value-driven narrative schemas using large language models. In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (pp. 12998–13032). Miami. 10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-main.723
- Hospers, J. (1960). Implied Truths in Literature. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 29(1), 37–46. 10.1111/1540_6245.jaac19.1.0037
- Hunt, R. A., & Vipond, D. (1986). Evaluations in literary reading. Text – Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of Discourse, 6(1), 53–72. 10.1515/text.1.1986.6.1.53
- Keunen, B. (2013).
Plot, Morality, and Folk Psychology Research . In L. Bernaerts, D. de Geest, L. Herman, & B. Vervaeck (Eds.), Stories and Minds. Cognitive Approaches to Literary Narrative (pp. 175–98). University of Nebraska Press. 10.2307/j.ctt1ddr7zh.12 - Klie, J.-C., et al. (2018). The INCEpTION Platform: Machine-Assisted and Knowledge-Oriented Interactive Annotation. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations (pp. 5–9).
Association for Computational Linguistics .https://aclanthology.org/C18-2002 . - Krah, H. (2015). Einführung in die Literaturwissenschaft/Textanalyse (2nd ed.). Ludwig Verlag.
- Krippendorff, K. (2013). Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology (3rd ed.). Sage.
- Lamarque, P., & Olsen, S. H. (1994). Truth, Fiction, and Literature. A Philosophical Perspective. Oxford University Press.
- King, M. (2012). Fabulous Microbes. On Tuberculosis, Syphilis and Creativity. Myths in Literature around 1900. Germanisch-Romanische Monatsschrift, 62(1), 73–92.
- Lindner, M. (1994). Leben in der Krise: Zeitromane der Neuen Sachlichkeit und die intellektuelle Mentalität der klassischen Moderne. Metzler. 10.1007/978-3-476-03530-1
- Lotman, J. M. (1977 [1970]). The Structure of the Artistic Text. Translated by Lenhoff, G., and Vroon, R. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
- Mathet, Y., Widlöcher, A., & Métivier, J.-P. (2015). The Unified and Holistic Method Gamma (γ) for Inter-annotator Agreement Measure and Alignment. Computational Linguistics, 41(3), 437–79. 10.1162/COLI_a_00227
- Mikkonen, J. (2010). Implicit Assertions in Literary Fiction. Proceedings of the European Society for Aesthetics, 2, 312–30.
- Müller, W. G. (2010).
Die ethische Dimension der Literatur – am Beispiel des Versuchs der Grundlegung einer Ethik des Erzählens . In A. Löck & J. Urbich (Ed.), Der Begriff der Literatur. Transdisziplinäre Perspektiven (pp. 451–468). De Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110225488.451 - Nabholz, A.-C. (2004).
The Crisis of Modernity: Culture, Nature, and the Modernist Yearning for Authenticity . Dissertation, Basel.https://edoc.unibas.ch/639/1/DissB_7969.pdf (Accessed: 18 December 2024). - Park, M., Park, S., & Shin, H. (2022). Literature Representation using Character Networks based on Sentiment Analysis. In IEEE International Conference on Big Data and Smart Computing (BigComp) (pp. 190–193). 10.1109/BigComp54360.2022.00044
- Petraschka, T. (2014). Interpretation und Rationalität. Billigkeitsprinzipien in der philologischen Hermeneutik. De Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110351163
- Phelan, J. (2005). Living to Tell about It: A Rhetoric and Ethics of Character Narration. Cornell University Press.
- Phelan, J., & Martin, M. P. (1999).
The Lessons of Weymouth: Homodiegesis, Unreliability, Ethics, and The Remains of the Day . In D. Herman (Ed.), Narratologies: New Perspectives on Narrative Analysis (pp. 88–109). Ohio State University Press. - Prinz, K. (2019).
Systematische Grundlagen der literaturwissenschaftlichen Wertanalyse – mit einer Beispielanalyse zu Schillers “Verbrecher aus verlorener Ehre” . In R. Verwiebe (Ed.), Werte und Wertebildung aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive (pp. 117–36). Springer. 10.1007/978-3-658-21976-5_6 - Prinz, K. (2020). Helden und Verbrecher. Herausforderungen der wert- und normbezogenen Erzähltextanalyse. Erich Schmidt Verlag. 10.37307/b.978-3-503-19129-1
- Prinz, K., & Winko, S. (2013).
Wie rekonstruiert man Wertungen und Werte in literarischen Texten? In G. Rippl & S. Winko (Eds.), Handbuch Kanon und Wertung. Theorien, Instanzen, Geschichte (pp. 402–7). J. B. Metzler. - Sarajlić, A., et al. (2016). Graphlet-based Characterization of Directed Networks. Sci Rep, 6,
35098 . 10.1038/srep35098 - Sayre-McCord, G. (2023). Moral Realism. In N. Edward, Zalta & Uri Nodelman (Eds.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (
Winter 2023 Edition).https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2023/entries/moral-realism/ . - Sirridge, M. J. (1980). The Moral of the Story: Exemplification and the Literary Work. Philosophical Studies, 38, 391–402. 10.1007/BF00419338
- Slater, M. D., & Rouner, D. (2002). Entertainment—Education and Elaboration Likelihood: Understanding the Processing of Narrative Persuasion. Communication theory, 12(2), 173–91. 10.1111/j.1468-2885.2002.tb00265.x
- Snijders, T. (2012). Transitivity and Triads.
https://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~snijders/Trans_Triads_ha.pdf . - Stierle, K. (1973).
Geschichte als Exemplum – Exemplum als Geschichte. Zur Pragmatik und Poetik narrativer Texte . In R. Koselleck & W.-D. Stempel (Eds.), Geschichte, Ereignis und Erzählung (pp. 347–376). Fink. - Sukalla, F. (2023). Narrative Persuasion – theoretische Ansätze und empirische Ergebnisse zur Überzeugungskraft von Narrationen. Soziale Passagen, 15(1), 23–37. 10.1007/s12592-023-00458-4
- Tantardini, M., et al. (2019). Comparing Methods for Comparing Networks. Sci Rep, 9,
17557 . 10.1038/s41598-019-53708-y - Titzmann, M. (2003).
Semiotische Aspekte der Literaturwissenschaft: Literatursemiotik . In R. Posner, et al. (Eds.), Semiotics: A Handbook on the Sign-theoretic Foundations of Nature and Culture (pp. 3028–103). Walter de Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110194159-028 - Thesing, B. (2021).
“Daß das Leben lebbar wird nur durch gültige Bindungen”. Hugo von Hofmannsthals Schrifttumsrede im Lichte neoidealistischer Kulturkritik . In W. Kunicki, N. Żarska & K. Żarski (Eds.), Die Literatur der Konservativen Revolution. Schreiben zwischen Traditionalismus und Avantgarde (pp. 225–240). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. 10.13109/9783666360961.225 - Tuna, E. H. (2024).
Imaginative Resistance . In E. N. Zalta & U. Nodelman (Eds.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University.https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/imaginative-resistance/ . - Väyrynen, P. (2021).
Thick Ethical Concepts . In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University.https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2021/entries/thick-ethical-concepts/ . - von Graevenitz, G. (1998).
Einleitung . In Graevenitz, G. von (Ed.), Konzepte der Moderne. DFG-Symposion 1997 (pp. 1–16). J. B. Metzler. - Walton, K. L., & Tanner, M. (1994). Morals in Fiction and Fictional Morality. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volumes, 68, 27–66. 10.1093/aristoteliansupp/68.1.27
- Winko, S. (1991). Wertungen und Werte in Texten: Axiologische Grundlagen und literaturwissenschaftliches Rekonstruktionsverfahren. Vieweg. 10.1007/978-3-322-86423-9
- Zymner, R. (1991). Uneigentlichkeit. Studien zu Semantik und Geschichte der Parabel. Schöningh.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.61645/ssol.207 | Journal eISSN: 2210-4380
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 21
Submitted on: Jul 28, 2025
Accepted on: Nov 11, 2025
Published on: Jan 6, 2026
Published by: International Society for the Empirical Study of Literature
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
© 2026 Benjamin Gittel, published by International Society for the Empirical Study of Literature
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.