Figure 1
Flow diagram of the methodology employed in BLEXCOM to assess blast wave and fireball effects from BLEVEs (abbreviations: T: temperature before the explosion, m: fuel mass before the explosion, Pc: critical pressure, Ptank: tank internal pressure before the explosion, u: internal energy, s: entropy, ρ: density, Hc: heat of combustion).
Table 1
Characteristics of the LH2 tank and its content.
| INNER TANK VOLUME (m3) | BURST PRESSURE (MPa) | H2 TEMPERATURE BEFORE EXPLOSION (K) | TANK FILLING DEGREE (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.00 | 4.85 | 53–153 | 35–40 |
Table 2
Consequences of blast wave and fireball (abbreviations: OP: overpressure, FB: fireball).
| OP AT 22.5 M (KPa) | OP AT 26.4 M (KPa) | FB DIAMETER (m) | FB DURATION (s) | FB RADIATION AT 70 M (W/m2) | FB RADIATION AT 90 M (W/m2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13.3 | 9.9 | 25.8 | 5 | 2,122 | 1,242 |
Figure 2
Temperature and pressure measurements during the SH2IFT fire test until the tank explosion compared with the temperature estimated, assuming isochoric compression of the gas.
Figure 3
Blast wave overpressure generated by the supercritical LH2 BLEVE measured during the SH2IFT fire test and compared with the values assessed by the BLEXCOM tool with and without considering the combustion contribution.
Table 3
Blast wave overpressure simulated with BLEXCOM and compared with the SH2IFT experimental results.
| DISTANCE (m) | OVERPRESSURE | ERRORS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EXPERIMENTS (KPa) | BLEXCOM WITH COMB (KPa) | BLEXCOM W/O COMB (KPa) | BLEXCOM WITH COMB (%) | BLEXCOM W/O COMB (%) | |
| 22.5 | 13.3 | 14.2 | 5.1 | +6.7 | –61.9 |
| 26.4 | 9.9 | 10.4 | 4.1 | +5.4 | –59.1 |
Table 4
Blast wave impulse simulated with BLEXCOM and compared with the SH2IFT experimental results.
| DISTANCE (m) | IMPULSE | ERRORS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EXPERIMENTS (PA⋅S) | BLEXCOM WITH COMB (PA⋅S) | BLEXCOM W/O COMB (PA⋅S) | BLEXCOM WITH COMB (%) | BLEXCOM W/O COMB (%) | |
| 22.5 | 83.1 | 90.1 | 42.0 | +8.4 | –49.4 |
| 26.4 | 69.3 | 69.1 | 36.9 | –0.4 | –46.7 |
Table 5
Fireball diameter and duration simulated with BLEXCOM and compared with the experimental results.
| FIREBALL PARAMETER | EXPERIMENTS | BLEXCOM | ERROR (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diameter (m) | 25.8 | 32.2 | +24.8 |
| Duration (s) | 5 | 5.58 | +11.6 |