References
- Abdelhadi, S.; Ibrahim, R. &Eviatar, Z. (2011) Perceptual load in the reading of Arabic: Effects of orthographic visual complexity on detection, Writing Systems Research, 3(2), 117–127, https://doi:10.1093/wsr/wsr014
- Abdelrheem, TN. (2021). Concurrent effects of attention and colors on the cerebral hemisphere processing speed of Arabic words. European Journal of Education and Psychology, 14(1), 1–15. https://doi:10.32457/ejep.v14i1.1542
- Alqahtani, G., & Alothaim, A. (2022). Emotion analysis of Arabic tweets: Language models and available resources. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 5, 843038. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2022.843038
- Barnhart, A. S. & Goldinger, S. D. (2013). Rotation reveals the importance of configural cues in handwritten word perception. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 20, 1319–1326. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-013-0435-y
- Bentin, S., & Ibrahim, R. (1996). New evidence for phonological processing during visual word recognition: The case of Arabic. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22(2), 309. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.22.2.309
- Benyhe, A., & Csibri, P. (2021). Can rotated words be processed automatically? Evidence from rotated repetition priming. Memory & Cognition, 49, 1163–1171. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-021-01147-4
- Berg, P. & Scherg, M. (1994). A multiple source approach to the correction of eye artifacts. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 90, 229–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(94)90094-9
- Boudelaa, S. (2014). Is the Arabic mental lexicon morpheme-based or stem-based? Implications for spoken and written word recognition. In E. Saiegh--Haddad & R. Joshi (Eds.), Handbook of Arabic literacy: Insights and perspectives (pp. 31–54). Springer Netherlands.
- Björnström, L. E., Hills, C., Hanif, H., & Barton, J. J. (2014). Visual word expertise: A study of inversion and the word-length effect, with perceptual transforms. Perception, 43(5), 438–450. https://doi.org/10.1068/p7698
- Brice, A. E., Salnaitis, C., & MacPherson, M. K. (2023). Neural activation in bilinguals and monolinguals using a word identification task. Languages, 8(3), 216. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages8030216
- Carlos, B. J., Hirshorn, E. A., Durisko, C., Fiez, J. A., & Coutanche, M. N. (2019). Word inversion sensitivity as a marker of the visual word form area lateralization: An application of a novel multivariate measure of laterality. Neuro-image, 191, 493–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.02.044
- Choudhury, A., & Sarma, K. K. (2023). Trajectory-based recognition of in-air handwritten Assamese words using a hybrid classifier network. International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition, 26, 375–400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10032-022-00426-3
- Davis, C. P., Libben, G., & Segalowitz, S. J. (2019). Compounding matters: Event-related potential evidence for early semantic access to compound words. Cognition, 184, 44–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2018.12.006
- Dehaene, S., Cohen, L., Sigman, M., & Vinckier, F. (2005). The neural code for written words: A proposal. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(7), 335-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2005.05.004
- Dołżycka, J. D., Nikadon, J., Weis, P. P., Herbert, C., & Formanowicz, M. (2023). Linguistic and emotional responses evoked by pseudoword presentation: An EEG and behavioral study. Brain and Cognition, 168, 105973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2023.105973
- Ellis, A. W., Flude, B. M., & Young, A. W. (1987). Neglect dyslexia and the early visual processing of letters in words and nonwords. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 4, 439–464. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643298708252047
- Fernández-López, M., Gómez, P., & Perea, M. (2023). Letter rotations: Through the magnifying glass and what evidence found there. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 38(2), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2022.2093390
- Fernández-López, M., Perea, M., & Vergara-Martínez, M. (2022). On the time course of the tolerance of letter detectors to rotations: A masked priming ERP investigation. Neuropsychologia, 172, 108259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108259
- Flick, G. (2023). From letters to concepts: Examining the brain systems that support word recognition and composition in reading [Doctoral dissertation, New York University]. https://www.proquest.com/openview/f646a07b5293992715ea963d3d2a05bd/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=yest
- Gregg, J., Inhoff, A. W., & Li, X. (2023). Lexical competition influences correct and incorrect visual word recognition. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 76(5), 1011–1025. https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218221102878
- Habash, N. Y. (2022). Introduction to Arabic natural language processing. Springer Nature.
- Hauk, O., Johnsrude, I., & Pulvermüller, F. (2004). Somatotopic representation of action words in human motor and premotor cortex. Neuron, 41(2), 301–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00838-9.
- Hershman, R., Share, D. L., Weiss, E. M., Henik, A., & Shechter, A. (2024). Insights from eye blinks into the cognitive processes involved in visual word recognition. Journal of Cognition, 7(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.343
- Hendrickson, K., Apfelbaum, K., Goodwin, C., Blomquist, C., Klein, K., & McMurray, B. (2022). The profile of real-time competition in spoken and written word recognition: More similar than different. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 75(9), 1653–1673. https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218211056
- Holcomb, P. J., & Grainger, J. (2007). Exploring the temporal dynamics of visual word recognition in the masked Repetition priming paradigm using event--related potentials. Brain Research, 1180, 39–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2007.06.110
- Ibrahim R, Eviatar Z, Aharon-Peretz J (2002) The characteristics of Arabic orthography slow its processing. Neuropsychology, 16, 322–326. https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.16.3.322
- Kaltsa, M., & Papadopoulou, D. (2024). The processing of lexical ambiguity: Evidence from child and adult Greek. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 53(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-024-10063-y
- Kim, A. E., & Straková, J. (2012). Concurrent effects of lexical status and letter--rotation during early-stage visual word recognition: Evidence from ERPs. Brain Research, 1468, 52–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2012.04.008
- Lien, M. C., Allen, P. A., & Ruthruff, E. (2021). Multiple routes to word recognition: Evidence from event-related potentials. Psychological Research, 85, 151-180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-019-01256-5
- Li, C. H., Wang, M. Y., & Kuo, B. C. (2022). The effects of stimulus inversion on the neural representations of Chinese characters and face recognition. Neuropsychologia, 164, 108090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108090.
- Malakar, S., Sahoo, S., Chakraborty, A., Sarkar, R., & Nasipuri, M. (2022). Handwritten Arabic and Roman word recognition using holistic approach. The Visual Computer, 39, 2909–2932. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-022-02500-7
- Martin, C. D., Costa, A., Dering, B., Hoshino, N., Wu, Y. J., & Thierry, G. (2012). Effects of the speed of word processing on semantic access: The case of bilingualism. Brain and Language, 120, 61–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2011.10.003
- Maurer, U., Rossion, B., & McCandliss, B. D. (2008). Category specificity in early perception: face and word n170 responses differ in both lateralization and habituation properties. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2, 406. https://doi.org/10.3389/neuro.09.018.2008
- Mohamed, T. N. (2024). From faces to fingers: Examining attentional capture of faces and body parts using colour singleton paradigm. Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/cep0000358
- Mohamed, T. N., Alsafar, H., & Felemban, M. (2024). Exploring the human response to anger: uncovering insights through infrared thermography and experimental psychology. Acta Neuropsychologica, 22(3), 331–50. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.6769
- Mohamed, T N., (2018a). The influence of perceptual load on the orthographic complexity of Arabic words processing: ERP evidence. Neuropsychological Trends, 24(24), 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7358/neur-2018-024-moha
- Mohamed, T. N., (2018b). Combined effects of selective attention and repetition on event-related potentials of Arabic words processing. Neuropsychological Trends, 23, 83-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7358/neur-2018-023-tari
- Mohamed, T. N. (2017a). Dissociating attentional effects on the N170 event-related potential of faces and body parts. Anuario de Psicología, 47(2), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpsic.2017.10.004
- Mohamed, T. N. (2017b). Perceptual load manipulation does not reveal sensitivity on the N170 ERP component of manipulated faces and bodies. Acta Neuropsychologica, 15, 325–340. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6096
- New, B., ferrand, L., pallier, C., Brysbaert, M. (2006). Reexamining the word length effect in visual word recognition: new evidence from the English Lexicon Project. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 45–52. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193811
- Nischal, R. P., & Behrmann, M. (2023). Developmental emergence of holistic processing in word recognition. Developmental Science, 26(4), e13372. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13372
- Perea, M., Vergara-Martínez, M., Marcet, A., Mallouh, R. A., & Fernández--López, M. (2020). When does rotation disrupt letter encoding? Testing the resilience of letter detectors in the initial moments of processing. Memory & Cognition, 48, 704–709. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-020-01013-9
- Proverbio, A. M., Wiedemann, F., Adorni, R., Rossi, V., Del Zotto, M., & Zani, A. (2007). Dissociating object familiarity from linguistic properties in mirror word reading. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 3, 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-9081-3-43
- Rossion, B., Joyce, C. A., Cottrell, G. W., & Tarr, M. J. (2003). Early lateralization and orientation tuning for face, word, and object processing in the visual cortex. Neuroimage, 20, 1609–1624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro-image.2003.07.010
- Sereno, S. C., Rayner, K., & Posner, M. I. (1998). Establishing a timeline of word recognition: Evidence from eye movements and event-related potentials. Neuroreport, 9(10), 2195–2200.
- Strijkers, K., Costa, A., & Thierry, G. (2010). Tracking lexical access in speech production: Electrophysiological correlates of word frequency and cognate effects. Cerebral Cortex, 20(4), 912–928. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhp153
- Syahid, A. H., & Nurdianto, T. (2022). Brain lateralization and strategies to improve metalinguistic ability in Arabic language acquisition. ALSUNIYAT: Journal Penelitian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya Arab, 5(2), 185–203. https://doi.org/10.17509/alsuniyat.v5i2.51043
- Tsang, Y. K., & Zou, Y. (2022). An ERP mega study of Chinese word recognition. Psychophysiology, 59(11), e14111. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.14111
- Tsuboi, N., Francis, W. S., & Jameson, J. T. (2021). How word comprehension exposures facilitate later spoken production: Implications for lexical processing and repetition priming. Memory, 29(1), 39–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2020.1845740
- Whitney, C. (2001). How the brain encodes the order of letters in a printed word: The SERIOL model and selective literature review. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8(2), 221–243. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196158
- Whitney, C. (2008). Supporting the serial in the SERIOL model. Language and Cognitive Processes, 23(6), 824–865. https://doi.org/10.1080/01690960701828202
- Van Hell, J. G. (2022). Ontogenesis model of L2 lexical representation: Cross-language links to account for bilingual lexical processing. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 25(2), 232–233. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728921000663
- Van Soeren, D. P. (2023). The role of word recognition factors and lexical stress in the distribution of consonants in Spanish, English and Dutch. Journal of Linguistics, 59(1), 149–177. https://doi:10.1017/S0022226722000081
- Ventura, P., & Cruz, F. (2024). Domain specificity vs. domain generality: The case of faces and words. Vision, 8(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision8010001
- Yassin, R., Share, D. L., & Shalhoub-Awwad, Y. (2020). Learning to spell in Arabic: The impact of script-specific visual-orthographic features. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2059. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02059
- Yu, L., Zhang, Q., Ke, M., Han, Y., & Kinoshita, S. (2023). Some neighbors are more interfering: Asymmetric priming by stroke neighbors in Chinese character recognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 30(3), 1065–1073. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-022-02207-9
- Yum, Y. N., & Law, S. P. (2021). N170 reflects visual familiarity and automatic sub lexical phonological access in L2 written word processing. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 24(4), 670–680. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728920000759