Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login

References

  1. Ansari, A. N., Ahmad, S., & Bhutta, S. M. (2024). Mapping the global evidence around the use of ChatGPT in higher education: A systematic scoping review. Education and Information Technologies, 29(9), 1128111321. 10.1007/s10639-023-12223-4
  2. Bayne, S., Evans, P., Ewins, R., Knox, J., Lamb, J., Macleod, H., O’Shea, C., Ross, J., Sheail, P., Sinclair, C., & Johnston, K. (2020). The manifesto for teaching online. MIT Press. 10.7551/mitpress/11840.001.0001
  3. Bayne, S., & Ross, J. (2016). Manifesto redux: Making a teaching philosophy from networked learning research. In S. Cranmer, N. B. Dohn, M. de Laat, T. Ryberg, & J. A. Sime (Eds.), Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Networked Learning 2016 (pp. 210128). Lancaster: University of Lancaster. 10.54337/nlc.v10.8821
  4. Bender, E. M., Gebru, T., McMillan-Major, A., & Shmitchell, S. (2021, March). On the dangers of stochastic parrots: Can language models be too big? In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM conference on fairness, accountability, and transparency (pp. 610623). 10.1145/3442188.3445922
  5. Birt, L., Scott, S., Cavers, D., Campbell, C., & Walter, F. M. (2016). Member checking: A tool to enhance trustworthiness or merely a nod to validation? Qualitative Health Research, 26(13), 18021811. 10.1177/1049732316654870
  6. Bozkurt, A. (2023a). Generative artificial intelligence (AI) powered conversational educational agents: The inevitable paradigm shift. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 18(1), 198204. 10.5281/zenodo.7716416
  7. Bozkurt, A. (2024a). Why generative AI literacy, why now and why it matters in the educational landscape? Kings, queens and genAI dragons. Open Praxis, 16(3), 283290. 10.55982/openpraxis.16.3.739
  8. Bozkurt, A. (2024b). GenAI et al.: Cocreation, authorship, ownership, academic ethics and integrity in a time of generative AI. Open Praxis, 16(1), 110. 10.55982/openpraxis.16.1.654
  9. Bozkurt, A., & Bae, H. (2024). May the force be with you JedAI: Balancing the light and dark sides of generative AI in the educational landscape. Online Learning, 28(2), 16. 10.24059/olj.v28i2.4563
  10. Bozkurt, A., Gjelsvik, T., Adam, T., Asino, T. I., Atenas, J., Bali, M., Blomgren, C., Bond, M., Bonk, C. J., Brown, M., Burgos, D., Conrad, D., Costello, E., Cronin, C., Czerniewicz, L., Deepwell, M., Deimann, M., DeWaard, H. J., Dousay, T. A., Ebner, M., Farrow, R., Gil-Jaurena, I., Havemann, L., Inamorato, A., Irvine, V., Karunanayaka, S. P., Kerres, M., Lambert, S., Lee, K., Makoe, M., Marín, V. I., Mikroyannidis, A., Mishra, S., Naidu, S., Nascimbeni, F., Nichols, M., Olcott. Jr., D., Ossiannilsson, E., Otto, D., Padilla Rodriguez, B. C., Paskevicius, M., Roberts, V., Saleem, T., Schuwer, R., Sharma, R. C., Stewart, B., Stracke, C. M., Tait, A., Tlili, A., Ubachs, G., Weidlich, J., Weller, M., Xiao, J., & Zawacki-Richter, O. (2023b). Openness in Education as a Praxis: From Individual Testimonials to Collective Voices. Open Praxis, 15(2), 76112. 10.55982/openpraxis.15.2.574
  11. Bozkurt, A., Jung, I., Xiao, J., Vladimirschi, V., Schuwer, R., Egorov, G., Lambert, S. R., Al-Freih, M., Pete, J., Olcott, Jr., D. Rodes, V., Aranciaga, I., Bali, M., Alvarez, Jr., A. V., Roberts, J., Pazurek, A., Raffaghelli, J. E., Panagiotou, N., de Coëtlogon, P., Shahadu, S., Brown, M., Asino, T. I. Tumwesige, J., Ramírez Reyes, T., Barrios Ipenza, E., Ossiannilsson, E., Bond, M., Belhamel, K., Irvine, V., Sharma, R. C., Adam, T., Janssen, B., Sklyarova, T., Olcott, N. Ambrosino, A., Lazou, C., Mocquet, B., Mano, M., & Paskevicius, M. (2020). A global outlook to the interruption of education due to COVID-19 pandemic: Navigating in a time of uncertainty and crisis. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 1126. 10.5281/zenodo.3878572
  12. Bozkurt, A., Xiao, J., Lambert, S., Pazurek, A., Crompton, H., Koseoglu, S., Farrow, R., Bond, M., Nerantzi, C., Honeychurch, S., Bali, M., Dron, J., Mir, K., Stewart, B., Costello, E., Mason, J., Stracke, C. M., Romero-Hall, E., Koutropoulos, A., Toquero, C. M., Singh, L., Tlili, A., Lee, K., Nichols, M., Ossiannilsson, E., Brown, M., Irvine, V., Raffaghelli, J. E., Santos-Hermosa, G. Farrell, O., Adam, T., Thong, Y. L., Sani-Bozkurt, S., Sharma, R. C., Hrastinski, S., & Jandrić, P. (2023a). Speculative futures on ChatGPT and generative artificial intelligence (AI): A collective reflection from the educational landscape. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 18(1), 53130. 10.5281/zenodo.7636568
  13. Burns, T., Sinfield, S., & Abegglen, S. (2023). Postdigital academic writing. In Encyclopedia of Postdigital Science and Education (pp. 17). Springer Nature Switzerland. 10.1007/978-3-031-35469-4_27-1
  14. Clayton, M. J. (1997). Delphi: a technique to harness expert opinion for critical decision-making tasks in education. Educational Psychology, 17(4), 373386. 10.1080/0144341970170401
  15. Cormier, D. (2023, Jan 20). ChatGPT search – Autotune for knowledge. Dave’s Educational Blog. https://davecormier.com/edblog/2023/01/20/chatgpt-search-autotune-for-knowledge/comment-page-1/
  16. Costello, E. (2024). ChatGPT and the educational AI chatter: Full of bullshit or trying to tell us something? Postdigital Science and Education, 6(2), 425430. 10.1007/s42438-023-00398-5
  17. Dwivedi, Y. K., Kshetri, N., Hughes, L., Slade, E. L., Jeyaraj, A., Kar, A. K., Baabdullah, A. M., Koohang, A., Raghavan, V., Ahuja, M., Albanna, H., Albashrawi, M. A., Al-Busaidi, A. S., Balakrishnan, J., Barlette, Y., Basu, S., Bose, I., Brooks, L., Buhalis, D., … Wright, R. (2023). Opinion Paper: “So what if ChatGPT wrote it?” Multidisciplinary perspectives on opportunities, challenges and implications of generative conversational AI for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management, 71, 102642. 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102642
  18. Floridi, L. (2023). AI as agency without intelligence: On ChatGPT, large language models, and other generative models. Philosophy & Technology, 36(1), 17. 10.1007/s13347-023-00621-y
  19. Furze, L. (2024, July 19). AI metaphors we live by: The language of artificial intelligence. https://leonfurze.com/2024/07/19/ai-metaphors-we-live-by-the-language-of-artificial-intelligence/
  20. Gale, K., & Bowstead, H. (2013). Deleuze and collaborative writing as method of inquiry. Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education, 6. 10.47408/jldhe.v0i6.222
  21. Gourlay, L., Rodríguez-Illera, J. L., Barberà, E., Bali, M., Gachago, D., Pallitt, N., Jones, C., Bayne, S., Hansen, S. B., Hrastinski, S., Jaldemark, J., Themelis, C., Pischetola, M., Dirckinck-Holmfeld, L., Matthews, A., Gulson, K. N., Lee, K., Bligh, B., Thibaut, P., Vermeulen, M., Nijland, F., Vrieling-Teunter, E., Scott, H., Thestrup, K., Gislev, T., Koole, M., Cutajar, M., Tickner, S., Rothmüller, N., Bozkurt, A., Fawns, T., Ross, J., Schnaider, K., Carvalho, L., Green, J. K., Hadžijusufović, M., Hayes, S., Czerniewicz, L., & Knox, J. (2021). Networked learning in 2021: A community definition. Postdigital Science and Education, 3(2), 326369. 10.1007/s42438-021-00222-y
  22. Gupta, A., Atef, Y., Mills, A., & Bali, M. (2024). Assistant, parrot, or colonizing loudspeaker? ChatGPT metaphors for developing critical AI literacies. Open Praxis, 16(1), 3753. 10.55982/openpraxis.16.1.631
  23. Harari, Y. N. (2024). Nexus: A brief history of information networks from the stone age to AI. Random House Publishing Group. https://www.ynharari.com/book/nexus/
  24. Hicks, M. T., Humphries, J., & Slater, J. (2024). ChatGPT is bullshit. Ethics and Information Technology, 26(2), 38. 10.1007/s10676-024-09775-5
  25. Huijser, H., Ames, K., Bozkurt, A., Corrin, L., Costello, E., Cowling, M., Czerniewicz, L., Deneen, C., Han, F., Littlejohn, A., Wise, A., Wright, M., & Zou, T. (2024). Collaboration or competition? The value of sector-wide collaboration in educational technology research. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 40(3), 18. 10.14742/ajet.10077
  26. Jandrić, P., Hayes, D., Truelove, I., Levinson, P., Mayo, P., Ryberg, T., Monzó, L. D., Allen, Q., Stewart, P. A., Carr, P. R., Jackson, L., Bridges, S., Escaño, C., Grauslund, D., Mañero, J., Lukoko, H. O., Bryant, P., Fuentes-Martinez, A., Gibbons, A., … Hayes, S. (2020). Teaching in the Age of Covid-19. Postdigital Science and Education, 2(3), 10691230. 10.1007/s42438-020-00169-6
  27. Jandrić, P., Luke, T. W., Sturm, S., McLaren, P., Jackson, L., MacKenzie, A., Tesar, M., Stewart, G. T., Roberts, P., Abegglen, S., Burns, T., Sinfield, S., Hayes, S., Jaldemark, J., Peters, M. A., Sinclair, C., & Gibbons, A. (2023). Collective writing: The continuous struggle for meaning-making. Postdigital Science and Education, 5(3), 851893. 10.1007/s42438-022-00320-5
  28. Koutropoulos, A., Stewart, B., Singh, L., Sinfield, S., Burns, T., Abegglen, S., Hamon, K., Honeychurch, S., & Bozkurt, A. (2024). Lines of flight: The digital fragmenting of educational networks. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2024(1), 113. 10.5334/jime.850
  29. Latour, B. (2010). An attempt at a “compositionist manifesto”. New Literary History, 41(3), 471490. 10.1353/nlh.2010.a408295
  30. Lim, W. M., Gunasekara, A., Pallant, J. L., Pallant, J. I., & Pechenkina, E. (2023). Generative AI and the future of education: Ragnarök or reformation? A paradoxical perspective from management educators. The International Journal of Management Education, 21(2), 100790. 10.1016/j.ijme.2023.100790
  31. Liu, D., & Helmer, E. (2024, Feb 9). The sorcerer’s apprentice: Applied AI for data. Perspectives, Substack. https://debliu.substack.com/p/the-sorcerers-apprentice-applied
  32. Maas, M. M. (2023). AI is like… A literature review of AI metaphors and why they matter for policy. SSRN Electronic Journal. 10.2139/ssrn.4612468
  33. Mack, E. (2014, Oct 26). Elon Musk: ‘We are summoning the demon’ with artificial intelligence. CNET. https://www.cnet.com/science/elon-musk-we-are-summoning-the-demon-with-artificial-intelligence/
  34. MacKenzie, A., Bacalja, A., Annamali, D., Panaretou, A., Girme, P., Cutajar, M., Abegglen, S., Evens, M., Neuhaus, F., Wilson, K., Psarikidou, K., Koole, M., Hrastinski, S., Sturm, S., Adachi, C., Schnaider, K., Bozkurt, A., Rapanta, C., Themelis, C., … Gourlay, L. (2022). Dissolving the dichotomies between online and campus-based teaching: A collective response to the manifesto for teaching online (Bayne et al. 2020). Postdigital Science and Education, 4(2), 271329. 10.1007/s42438-021-00259-z
  35. McQuillan, D. (2023, Feb 9). ChatGPT is a bullshit generator waging class war. Vice. https://www.vice.com/en/article/chatgpt-is-a-bullshit-generator-waging-class-war/
  36. Merriam, S. B. (2001). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. Jossey-Bass.
  37. Mollick, E., & Mollick, E. (2024). Co-Intelligence. Random House UK.
  38. Pelletier, K., Brown, M., Brooks, D. C., McCormack, M., Reeves, J., Arbino, N., Bozkurt, A., Crawford, S., Czerniewicz, L., Gibson, R., Linder, K., Mason, J., & Mondelli, V. (2021). 2021 EDUCAUSE horizon report teaching and learning edition. EDUCAUSE. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/219489/
  39. Peters, M. A., Besley, T., Tesar, M., Jackson, L., Jandrić, P., Arndt, S., & Sturm, S. (2021). The methodology and philosophy of collective writing: An educational philosophy and theory reader volume X. Routledge. 10.4324/9781003171959
  40. Peters, M. A., Rizvi, F., McCulloch, G., Gibbs, P., Gorur, R., Hong, M., Hwang, Y., Zipin, L., Brennan, M., Robertson, S., Quay, J., Malbon, J., Taglietti, D., Barnett, R., Chengbing, W., McLaren, P., Apple, R., Papastephanou, M., Burbules, N., … Misiaszek, L. (2022). Reimagining the new pedagogical possibilities for universities post-Covid-19: An EPAT collective project. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 54(6), 717760. 10.1080/00131857.2020.1777655
  41. Risteff, M. (2023, Apr 24). AI is an extraordinary copilot when used responsibly. K-12 Dive. https://www.k12dive.com/spons/ai-is-an-extraordinary-copilot-when-used-responsibly/647644/
  42. Saban, A., Kocbeker, B. N., & Saban, A. (2007). Prospective teachers’ conceptions of teaching and learning revealed through metaphor analysis. Learning and Instruction, 17(2), 123139. 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2007.01.003
  43. Sharples, M., & Pérez y Pérez, R. (2022). Story machines: How computers have become creative writers. Routledge. 10.4324/9781003161431
  44. Slagter van Tryon, P. J., & Bishop, M. J. (2006). Identifying “e-mmediacy strategies for web-based instruction: A Delphi study.” The Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 7(1) 4962.
  45. Stracke, C. M., Burgos, D., Santos-Hermosa, G., Bozkurt, A., Sharma, R. C., Swiatek Cassafieres, C., dos Santos, A. I., Mason, J., Ossiannilsson, E., Shon, J. G., Wan, M., Obiageli Agbu, J.-F., Farrow, R., Karakaya, Ö., Nerantzi, C., Ramírez-Montoya, M. S., Conole, G., Cox, G., & Truong, V. (2022a). Responding to the initial challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic: Analysis of international responses and impact in school and higher education. Sustainability, 14(3), 1876. 10.3390/su14031876
  46. Stracke, C. M., Chounta, I.-A., & Holmes, W. (2024). Global trends in scientific debates on trustworthy and ethical artificial intelligence and education. Artificial Intelligence in Education. Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2150, 254262. 10.1007/978-3-031-64315-6_21
  47. Stracke, C. M., Sharma, R. C., Bozkurt, A., Burgos, D., Swiatek Cassafieres, C., Inamorato dos Santos, A., Mason, J., Ossiannilsson, E., Santos-Hermosa, G., Shon, J. G., Wan, M., Agbu, J.-F. O., Farrow, R., Karakaya, Ö., Nerantzi, C., Ramírez-Montoya, M. S., Conole, G., Truong, V., & Cox, G. (2022b). Impact of COVID-19 on formal education: An international review of practices and potentials of open education at a distance. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 23(4), 118. 10.19173/irrodl.v23i4.6120
  48. Teubner, T., Flath, C. M., Weinhardt, C., van der Aalst, W., & Hinz, O. (2023). Welcome to the era of ChatGPT et al: The prospects of large language models. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 65(2), 95101. 10.1007/s12599-023-00795-x
  49. Tlili, A., Shehata, B., Adarkwah, M. A., Bozkurt, A., Hickey, D. T., Huang, R., & Agyemang, B. (2023). What if the devil is my guardian angel: ChatGPT as a case study of using chatbots in education. Smart Learning Environments, 10(1), 124. 10.1186/s40561-023-00237-x
  50. Xiao, J., Bozkurt, A., Nichols, M., Pazurek, A., Stracke, C. M., Bai, J. Y. H., Farrow, R., Mulligan, D., Nerantzi, C., Sharma, R. C., Singh, L., Frumin, I., Swindell, A., Honeychurch, S., Bond, M., Dron, J., Moore, S., Leng, J., Slagter van Tryon, P. J., Garcia, M., Terentev, E., Tlili, A., Chiu, T. K. F., Hodges, C. B., Jandrić, P., Sidorkin, A., Crompton, H., Hrastinski, S., Koutropoulos, A., Cukurova, M., Shea, P., Watson, S., Zhang, K., Lee, K., Costello, E., Sharples, M., Vorochkov, A., Alexander, B., Bali, M., Moore, R., Zawacki-Richter, O., Asino, T. I., Huijser, H., Zheng, C., Sani-Bozkurt, S., Duart, J. M., & Themeli, C. (2025). Venturing into the unknown: Critical insights into grey areas and pioneering future directions in educational generative AI research. (Under Review)
  51. Yan, Y., Sun, W., & Zhao, X. (2024). Metaphorical conceptualizations of generative artificial intelligence use by Chinese university EFL learners. Frontiers in Education, 9. 10.3389/feduc.2024.1430494
  52. Ziglio, E. (1996). The Delphi method and its contribution to decision-making. In M. Adler & E. Ziglio (Eds.), Gazing into the oracle: The Delphi method and its application to social policy and public health (pp. 333). Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Language: English
Page range: 487 - 513
Submitted on: Oct 25, 2024
Accepted on: Nov 16, 2024
Published on: Nov 29, 2024
Published by: International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE)
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2024 Aras Bozkurt, Junhong Xiao, Robert Farrow, John Y. H. Bai, Chrissi Nerantzi, Stephanie Moore, Jon Dron, Christian M. Stracke, Lenandlar Singh, Helen Crompton, Apostolos Koutropoulos, Evgenii Terentev, Angelica Pazurek, Mark Nichols, Alexander M. Sidorkin, Eamon Costello, Steven Watson, Dónal Mulligan, Sarah Honeychurch, Charles B. Hodges, Mike Sharples, Andrew Swindell, Isak Frumin, Ahmed Tlili, Patricia J. Slagter van Tryon, Melissa Bond, Maha Bali, Jing Leng, Kai Zhang, Mutlu Cukurova, Thomas K. F. Chiu, Kyungmee Lee, Stefan Hrastinski, Manuel B. Garcia, Ramesh Chander Sharma, Bryan Alexander, Olaf Zawacki-Richter, Henk Huijser, Petar Jandrić, Chanjin Zheng, Peter Shea, Josep M. Duart, Chryssa Themeli, Anton Vorochkov, Sunagül Sani-Bozkurt, Robert L. Moore, Tutaleni Iita Asino, published by International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.