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Authors

Aras Bozkurt

arasbozkurt@gmail.com

Anadolu University

Torunn Gjelsvik

gjelsvik@icde.org

International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE)

Taskeen Adam

taskeen@opendeved.net

Open Development & Education, UK; University of Johannesburg

Tutaleni I. Asino

tutaleni.asino@okstate.edu

Oklahoma State University

Javiera Atenas

j.atenas@uos.ac.uk

University of Suffolk

Maha Bali

bali@aucegypt.edu

American University in Cairo

Constance Blomgren

connieb@athabascau.ca

Athabasca University

Melissa Bond

melissa.bond@ucl.ac.uk

University College London, UK; University of Stavanger

Curtis J. Bonk

cjbonk@indiana.edu

Indiana University

Mark Brown

mark.brown@dcu.ie

Dublin City University

Daniel Burgos

daniel.burgos@unir.net

Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR)

Dianne Conrad

dconrad8@outlook.com

Independent consultant and researcher

Eamon Costello

eamon.costello@dcu.ie

Dublin City University

Catherine Cronin

catherine.cronin.phd@gmail.com

Independent scholar

Laura Czerniewicz

laura.czerniewicz@uct.ac.za

University of Cape Town

Maren Deepwell

maren.deepwell@alt.ac.uk

Association for Learning Technology

Markus Deimann

Markus.Deimann@rub.de

ORCA.nrw

Helen J. DeWaard

hj.dewaard@gmail.com

Lakehead University

Tonia A. Dousay

tadousay@gmail.com

University of Alaska Anchorage

Martin Ebner

martin.ebner@tugraz.at

Graz University of Technology

Robert Farrow

rob.farrow@open.ac.uk

The Open University (UK)

Inés Gil-Jaurena

inesgj@edu.uned.es

Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED)

Leo Havemann

l.havemann@ucl.ac.uk

University College London/The Open University (UK)

Andreia Inamorato

ainamorato@gmail.com

University of Barcelona

Valerie Irvine

virvine@uvic.ca

University of Victoria

Shironica P. Karunanayaka

spkar@ou.ac.lk

The Open University of Sri Lanka

Michael Kerres

michael.kerres@uni-due.de

University of Duisburg-Essen

Sarah Lambert

sarah.lambert@deakin.edu.au

Deakin University

Kyungmee Lee

hi.kmlee@gmail.com

Lancaster University, UK; Seoul National University

Mpine Makoe

qakisme@unisa.ac.za

University of South Africa

Victoria I. Marín

victoria.marin@udl.cat

Universitat de Lleida

Alexander Mikroyannidis

alexander.mikroyannidis@open.ac.uk

The Open University (UK)

Sanjaya Mishra

smishra.col@gmail.com

Commonwealth of Learning

Som Naidu

sommnaidu@gmail.com

Technology, Education and Design Associates

Fabio Nascimbeni

fabio.nascimbeni@etf.europa.eu

European Training Foundation

Mark Nichols

Mark.nichols@tepukenga.ac.nz

Te Pūkenga

Don Olcott

don.olcott@gmail.com

HJ & Associates

Ebba Ossiannilsson

Ebba.Ossiannilsson@gmail.com

International Council for Open and Distance Education OER Advocacy Committee

Daniel Otto

daniel.otto@ehip.email

European University for Innovation and Perspective

Brenda Cecilia Padilla Rodriguez

brenda.padillardr@uanl.edu.mx

Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon

Michael Paskevicius

mpaskevi@uvic.ca

University of Victoria

Verena Roberts

verena.roberts@concordia.ab.ca

Concordia University of Edmonton & University of Calgary

Tooba Saleem

tooba.saleem@aiou.edu.pk

Allama Iqbal Open University

Robert Schuwer

robert@robertschuwer.nl

Independent consultant and researcher

Ramesh C. Sharma

rc_sharma@yahoo.com

Dr B R Ambedkar University Delhi, New Delhi

Bonnie Stewart

bstewart@uwindsor.ca

University of Windsor

Christian M. Stracke

stracke@uni-bonn.de

University of Bonn

Alan Tait

alan.tait@open.ac.uk

The Open University (UK)

Ahmed Tlili

ahmed.tlili23@yahoo.com

Smart Learning Institute of Beijing Normal University

George Ubachs

george.ubachs@eadtu.eu

European Association of Distance Teaching Universities (EADTU)

Joshua Weidlich

joshua_weidlich@yahoo.de

DIPF – Leibniz-Institute for Research and Information in Education

Martin Weller

edtechie@gmail.com

The Open University (UK)

Junhong Xiao

frankxjh@outlook.com

Open University of Shantou/Shantou Radio and Television University

Olaf Zawacki-Richter

olaf.zawacki.richter@uni-oldenburg.de

University of Oldenburg
Language: English
Page range: 76 - 112
Submitted on: Jul 10, 2023
Accepted on: Jul 10, 2023
Published on: Jul 20, 2023
Published by: International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE)
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2023 Aras Bozkurt, Torunn Gjelsvik, Taskeen Adam, Tutaleni I. Asino, Javiera Atenas, Maha Bali, Constance Blomgren, Melissa Bond, Curtis J. Bonk, Mark Brown, Daniel Burgos, Dianne Conrad, Eamon Costello, Catherine Cronin, Laura Czerniewicz, Maren Deepwell, Markus Deimann, Helen J. DeWaard, Tonia A. Dousay, Martin Ebner, Robert Farrow, Inés Gil-Jaurena, Leo Havemann, Andreia Inamorato, Valerie Irvine, Shironica P. Karunanayaka, Michael Kerres, Sarah Lambert, Kyungmee Lee, Mpine Makoe, Victoria I. Marín, Alexander Mikroyannidis, Sanjaya Mishra, Som Naidu, Fabio Nascimbeni, Mark Nichols, Don Olcott, Ebba Ossiannilsson, Daniel Otto, Brenda Cecilia Padilla Rodriguez, Michael Paskevicius, Verena Roberts, Tooba Saleem, Robert Schuwer, Ramesh C. Sharma, Bonnie Stewart, Christian M. Stracke, Alan Tait, Ahmed Tlili, George Ubachs, Joshua Weidlich, Martin Weller, Junhong Xiao, Olaf Zawacki-Richter, published by International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.