Abstract
Open, distance, and digital education (ODDE) has a long history concerning dropout. With the new reality of the digital age, the terminologies and concepts that have been long adopted are inevitably subject to change. To understand dropout in the digital transformation, it is important to take an evidence-based approach and examine the literature. Therefore, this study applies the steps of a systematic literature review to retrieve relevant articles on dropout since 2010 and conducts a content analysis via text mining. The results indicate that student dropout and retention declined in publication during the pandemic despite remaining one of the critical issues in higher education. The main concepts indicate that most of the dropout studies focus on comparisons between face-to-face and online modalities; the learning environment and engagement; and support and motivation.