References
- 1Albanese A, Bhatia K, Bressman SB, et al. Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: A consensus update. Mov Disord. 2013; 28: 863–873. DOI: 10.1002/mds.25475
- 2Sadnicka A, Kassavetis P, Pareés I, et al. Task-specific dystonia: Pathophysiology and management. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. 2016; 87: 968–974. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2015-311298
- 3Jhunjhunwala K, Lenka A, Pal PK. A clinical profile of 125 patients with writer’s cramp. Eur Neurol. 2015; 73: 316–320. DOI: 10.1159/000381949
- 4Prasad S, Lenka A, Pal PK. Speech induced cervical dystonia: An unusual task specific dystonia. Parkinsonism and Related Disorders. 2018; 46: 100–101. DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.11.006
- 5Wu LJC, Jankovic J. Runner’s dystonia. J Neurol Sci. 2006; 251: 73–76. DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2006.09.003
- 6Ray S, Pal PK. Dystonia in Performing Artists: Beyond Focal Hand Dystonia. Can J Neurol Sci/J Can des Sci Neurol. 2021; 1–9. DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2021.41
- 7Jankovic J, Ashoori A. Movement disorders in musicians. Movement Disorders. 2008; 23: 1957–1965. DOI: 10.1002/mds.22255
- 8Ham JH, Kim SJ, Song SK, et al. A prognostic factor in focal hand dystonia: typist’s cramp cases and literature review. J Neurol Sci. 2016; 371: 85–87. DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.10.028
- 9García-Ruiz PJ, Val J del, Losada M, et al. Task-specific dystonia of the lower limb in a flamenco dancer. Parkinsonism and Related Disorders. 2011; 17: 221–222. DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.12.001
- 10Adler CH. Sports-related task-specific dystonia: The yips. In: Handbook of Dystonia. 2006; 209–217. DOI: 10.3109/9781420019988.014
- 11Dhungana S, Jankovic J. Yips and other movement disorders in golfers. Movement Disorders. 2013; 28: 576–581. DOI: 10.1002/mds.25442
- 12Simone Biles said she got the ‘twisties’. Gymnasts immediately understood,
https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/olympics/2021/07/28/twisties-gymnastics-simone-biles-tokyo-olympics/ . - 13Cutsforth-Gregory JK, Bower JH. Athlete’s Dystonia. An Occupational Hazard of Athletes. Minn Med. 2015; 98: 42–43.
- 14Katz DI, Bernick C, Dodick DW, et al. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Consensus Diagnostic Criteria for Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndrome. Neurology. 2021; 96: 848–863. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011850
- 15van Rooijen DE, Geraedts EJ, Marinus J, et al. Peripheral trauma and movement disorders: a systematic review of reported cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2011; 82: 892–898. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.232504
- 16Jankovic J. Peripherally Induced Movement Disorders. Neurol Clin. 2009; 27: 821–832. DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2009.04.005
- 17Foster J. Putting on the agony. World Med. 1977; 12: 26–27.
- 18McDaniel KD, Cummings JL, Shain S. The “yips”: A focal dystonia of golfers. Neurology. 1989; 39: 192–195. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.39.2.192
- 19Smith AM, Malo SA, Laskowski ER, et al. A multidisciplinary study of the ‘Yips’ phenomenon in golf: An exploratory analysis. Sport Med. 2000; 30: 423–437. DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200030060-00004
- 20Gon Y, Kabata D, Kawamura S, et al. Association of the yips and musculoskeletal problems in highly skilled golfers: A large scale epidemiological study in japan. Sports. 2021; 9: 71. DOI: 10.3390/sports9060071
- 21Klämpfl MK, Philippen PB, Lobinger BH. Self-report vs. kinematic screening test: prevalence, demographics, and sports biography of yips-affected golfers. J Sports Sci. 2015; 33: 655–664. DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2014.961026
- 22van Wensen E, van der Zaag-Loonen HJ, van de Warrenburg BP. The Dutch Yips Study: Results of a Survey Among Golfers. Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements; 11. Epub ahead of print 8 July 2021. DOI: 10.5334/tohm.636
- 23Wagle Shukla A, Hu W, Jabarkheel Z, et al. Globus pallidum dbs for task-specific dystonia in a professional golfer. Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements; 8. Epub ahead of print 2018. DOI: 10.5334/tohm.428
- 24Sachdev P. Golfers’ cramp: Clinical characteristics and evidence against it being an anxiety disorder. Mov Disord. 1992; 7: 326–332. DOI: 10.1002/mds.870070405
- 25Patel N, Hanfelt J, Marsh L, et al. Alleviating manoeuvres (sensory tricks) in cervical dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014; 85: 882–884. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2013-307316
- 26Cisneros E, Stebbins GT, Chen Q, et al. It’s tricky: Rating alleviating maneuvers in cervical dystonia. J Neurol Sci. 2020; 419: 117205. DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117205
- 27Bianchi S, Fuertinger S, Huddleston H, et al. Functional and structural neural bases of task specificity in isolated focal dystonia. Mov Disord. 2019; 34: 555–563. DOI: 10.1002/mds.27649
- 28Adler CH, Crews D, Hentz JG, et al. Abnormal co-contraction in yips-affected but not unaffected golfers: Evidence for focal dystonia. Neurology. 2005; 64: 1813–1814. DOI: 10.1212/01.WNL.0000162024.05514.03
- 29Adler CH, Temkit M, Crews D, et al. The Yips: Methods to Identify Golfers with a Dystonic Etiology/Golfer’s Cramp. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2018; 50: 2226–2230. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001687
- 30Adler CH, Crews D, Kahol K, et al. Are the yips a task-specific dystonia or “golfer’s cramp”? Mov Disord. 2011; 26: 1993–1996. DOI: 10.1002/mds.23824
- 31Smith AM, Adler CH, Crews D, et al. The ‘Yips’ in Golf: a continuum between a focal dystonia and choking. Sport Med. 2003; 33: 13–31. DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200333010-00002
- 32Stinear CM, Coxon JP, Fleming MK, et al. The Yips in Golf: multimodal evidence for two subtypes. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2006; 38: 1980–1989. DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000233792.93540.10
- 33Klämpfl MK, Lobinger BH, Raab M. How to detect the yips in golf. Hum Mov Sci. 2013; 32: 1270–1287. DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2013.04.004
- 34Masters R, Maxwell J. The theory of reinvestment. Int Rev Sport Exerc Psychol. 2008; 1: 160–183. DOI: 10.1080/17509840802287218
- 35Klämpfl MK, Lobinger BH, Raab M. Reinvestment – the Cause of the Yips? PLoS One. 2013; 8:
e82470 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082470 - 36Anandan C, Jankovic J. Botulinum Toxin in Movement Disorders: An Update. Toxins (Basel). 2021; 13:
42 . DOI: 10.3390/toxins13010042 - 37De Bartolo MI, Manzo N, Ferrazzano G, et al. Botulinum Toxin Effects on Sensorimotor Integration in Focal Dystonias. Toxins (Basel). 2020; 12:
277 . DOI: 10.3390/toxins12050277 - 38Batla A, Stamelou M, Bhatia KP. Treatment of Focal Dystonia. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2012; 14: 213–229. DOI: 10.1007/s11940-012-0169-6
- 39Rosted P. Acupuncture for Treatment of the Yips? – a Case Report. Acupunct Med. 2005; 23: 188–189. DOI: 10.1136/aim.23.4.188
- 40Ringman JM. Serendipitous improvement in the yips associated with memantine use. Mov Disord. 2007; 22: 598–599. DOI: 10.1002/mds.21368
- 41Suzuki K, Izawa N, Aiba S, et al. Interoceptive sensory trick for runner’s dystonia. Mov Disord. 2011; 26: 758–760. DOI: 10.1002/mds.23440
- 42Ramdhani RA, Frucht SJ. Adult-onset Idiopathic Focal Lower Extremity Dystonia: A Rare Task-Specific Dystonia. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y); 3. Epub ahead of print 2013. DOI: 10.5334/tohm.135
- 43Leveille LA, Clement DB. Case Report: Action-Induced Focal Dystonia in Long Distance Runners. Clin J Sport Med. 2008; 18: 467–468. DOI: 10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181845f35
- 44Lee JH, Kim HJ, Park DG, et al. A novel task-specific dystonia: running-induced cervical dystonia in a triathlete. Neurol Sci. 2021; 42: 3051–3052. DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05224-z
- 45McClinton S, Heiderscheit B. Diagnosis of Primary Task-Specific Lower Extremity Dystonia in a Runner. J Orthop Sport Phys Ther. 2012; 42: 688–697. DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2012.3892
- 46Cutsforth-Gregory JK, Ahlskog JE, McKeon A, et al. Repetitive exercise dystonia: A difficult to treat hazard of runner and non-runner athletes. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2016; 27: 74–80. DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.03.013
- 47Ahmad O, Ghosh P, Stanley C, et al. Electromyographic and Joint Kinematic Patterns in Runner’s Dystonia. Toxins (Basel). 2018; 10:
166 . DOI: 10.3390/toxins10040166 - 48Mayer F, Topka H, Boose A, et al. Bilateral segmental dystonia in a professional tennis player. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 1999; 31: 1085–1087. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199908000-00001
- 49Lagueny A, Burbaud P, Dubos JL, et al. Freezing of shoulder flexion impeding boule throwing: A form of task-specific focal dystonia in petanque players. Mov Disord. 2002; 17: 1092–1095. DOI: 10.1002/mds.10228
- 50Sitburana O, Ondo WG. Task-specific focal hand dystonia in a professional pistol-shooter. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2008; 110: 423–424. DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2007.12.012
- 51Asahi T, Taira T, Ikeda K, et al. Improvement of Table Tennis Dystonia by Stereotactic Ventro-Oral Thalamotomy: A Case Report. World Neurosurg. 2017; 99: 810.e1–810.e4. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.12.117
- 52Le Floch A, Vidailhet M, Flamand-Rouvière C, et al. Table tennis dystonia. Mov Disord. 2010; 25: 394–397. DOI: 10.1002/mds.22968
- 53Smilowska K, Domingos J, Pasman JW, et al. Billiards-related dystonia: A new task-specific dystonia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2019; 60: 10–11. DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.12.018
- 54Lee H, Yoo S-W, Kim J-S. Task-Specific Dystonia in a Professional Billiard Player. J Mov Disord. Epub ahead of print 8 September 2021. DOI: 10.14802/jmd.21055
- 55Nakane S, Ando Y, Matsuo H. Yips preceding baseball-related dystonia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2018; 50: 128–129. DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.02.018
- 56Nijenhuis B, Schalkwijk AHP, Hendriks S, et al. Skater’s Cramp: A Possible Task-Specific Dystonia in Dutch Ice Skaters. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2019; 6: 559–566. DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12799
