Clinical and Electrophysiological Heterogeneity of Orthostatic Tremor: An Individual Patient Data Analysis

Leroy D’Souza; Niharika B. R.; Julián Benito-León; Samarth B. R.; Rishika Das; Muskan Kotwal; Kruthika Reddy; Pranav Anil Katti; C. S. Pranav Bhat

doi:10.5334/tohm.1278

Clinical and Electrophysiological Heterogeneity of Orthostatic Tremor: An Individual Patient Data Analysis

Volume 16 (2026): Issue 1

By: Leroy D’Souza , Niharika B. R., Julián Benito-León , Samarth B. R., Rishika Das , Muskan Kotwal, Kruthika Reddy , Pranav Anil Katti and C. S. Pranav Bhat

Open Access

|Oct 2026

Figures & Tables

Density plots of tremor frequency for isolated (blue) and non-isolated (orange) OT.

Table 1

Clinical spectrum of OT cases according to the MDS classification.

PARAMETER	PRIMARY OT	OT PLUS	PSEUDO OT	UNCLASSIFIABLE (FLUCTUATING FREQUENCY)	UNCLASSIFIABLE (>18 Hz)
N	127	39	61	12	5
Age (SD)	64.13 (11.25)	64.41(13.55)	58.56 (16.03)	61.67 (17.48)	61.80 (13.05)
Sex (M/F)	50/77	14/25	25/36	4/8	3/2
Mean Tremor Frequency in Hz (SD)	15.58 (1.26)	15.46 (1.41)	6.82 (2.36)	13.12 (1.17)	18.92 (0.71)
Familial history of OT	13	2	2	0	0

Table 2

Clinical spectrum of OT cases based on isolated/non-isolated phenotype.

PARAMETER	ISOLATED OT	NON-ISOLATED OT
N	148	96
Age (SD)	63.97 (11.35)	60.51 (15.96)
Sex (M/F)	60/88	36/60
Mean Tremor Frequency in Hz (SD)	14.80 (2.82)	11.03 (4.81)
≥13 Hz/<13 Hz	129/19	49/47
Familial history of OT	12	5

Table 3

Disorders associated with OT.

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS	TOTAL NUMBER	<13 Hz N (%)	≥13 Hz N (%)	MEAN TREMOR FREQUENCY	SD	MINIMUM FREQUENCY	MAXIMUM FREQUENCY
Parkinson’s disease/Parkinsonism/PSP	38	22 (57.9)	16 (42.1)	10.07	5.171	3	18
Essential tremor	10	3 (30)	7 (70)	13.50	3.752	6.5	19
Cerebellar disorders/lesions	10	2 (20.0)	8 (80.0)	12.73	3.382	4.5	15
Brainstem lesions	6	2 (33.3)	4 (66.7)	12.37	5.258	4.25	17.5
Hyperthyroid states	5	3 (60.0)	2 (40.0)	10.50	4.213	6	15
Musculoskeletal injury	2	1 (50)	1 (50)	10.75	7.425	5.5	16
Hereditary spastic paraplegia	3	1 (33.3)	2 (66.7)	14.00	4.583	9	18
Stiff person syndrome	2	0 (0.0)	2 (100.0)	16.00	0.000	16	16
Dementia	2	0 (0.0)	2 (100.0)	15.00	2.828	13	17
Miscellaneous	18	13 (72.2)	5 (27.8)	8.98	4.502	3.5	16
Isolated OT	148	19 (12.8)	129 (87.2)	14.80	2.821	3.5	20

SL NO	AUTHOR	YEAR OF PUBLICATION	AGE	SEX	FREQUENCY (HZ)	ISOLATED/NON-ISOLATED	ASSOCIATED CONDITION	MDS CLASSIFICATION
1	Tseng et al. [20]	2025	34	Male	3	Non-isolated	Butane induced encephalopathy, Parkinsonism	Pseudo OT
2	Swinnen et al. [21]	2022	57	Female	4–5	Isolated	-	Pseudo OT
3	Grobe-Einsler et al. [22]	2020	53	Female	14–16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
4	Verriello et al. [23]	2020	82	Male	15–16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
4	Verriello et al. [23]	2020	77	Male	15–16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
5	Yoshii et al. [24]	2020	62	Female	5–6	Isolated	-	Pseudo OT
6	Yoo et al. [25]	2020	69	Female	4–6	Isolated	-	Pseudo OT
7	Chaithra et al. [26]	2019	72	Female	15–16	Non-isolated	Parkinson’s disease	OT Plus
8	Wadhwa et al. [27]	2019	62	Female	17–18	Isolated	-	Primary OT
9	Iovino et al. [28]	2019	23	Male	10.5	Isolated	-	Pseudo OT
10	Santus et al. [29]	2019	73	Female	17	Non-isolated	Frontotemporal dementia	OT Plus
11	Mousele et al. [30]	2018	66	Male	11–12	Isolated	-	Pseudo OT
12	Yoo et al. [31]	2019	48	Male	4–6	Non-isolated	Parkinson’s disease	Pseudo OT
13	Wuehr et al. [32]	2018	62	Male	14.5	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			55	Female	14	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			75	Male	17.5	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			75	Male	14	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			56	Female	17	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			75	Female	16.5	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			66	Female	14	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			75	Male	13.5	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			76	Male	15	Isolated	-	Primary OT
14	Evidente et al. [33]	2018	73	Male	10–14	Isolated	-	Unclassifiable(fluctuating)
14	Evidente et al. [33]	2018	68	Male	5–12	Non-isolated	Essential Tremor	Pseudo OT
15	Shirai et al. [34]	2018	60	Male	4–5	Non-isolated	Machado-Joseph disease	Pseudo OT
16	Ruiz-Julián et al. [35]	2018	75	Female	14	Isolated	-	Primary OT
17	Lehn et al. [36]	2017	68	Male	16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
18	Larrosa Campo et al. [37]	2019	81	Male	14–16	Non-isolated	Thyrotoxicosis	Primary OT
19	Chiang et al. [38]	2017	74	Female	~16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
19	Chiang et al. [38]	2017	73	Male	~16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
20	Vidailhet et al. [39]	2017	46	Female	17	Isolated	-	Primary OT
21	Schöberl et al. [40]	2017	56	Female	17.2	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			64	Female	16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			72	Male	14	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			73	Male	16.7	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			68	Female	15.5	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			74	Male	14.2	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			73	Male	13.5	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			73	Female	16.5	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			73	Male	14.5	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			73	Female	14.2	Isolated	-	Primary OT
22	Benito-Léon et al. [41]	2016	74	Female	16–18	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			64	Female	10–12	Isolated	-	Pseudo OT
			57	Male	16–18	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			68	Female	16–18	Non-isolated	Parkinson’s disease	OT Plus
			78	Female	16–18	Non-isolated	Parkinson’s disease	OT Plus
			62	Female	12–16	Isolated	-	Unclassifiable(fluctuating)
			37	Female	16–18	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			76	Female	12–16	Isolated	-	Unclassifiable(fluctuating)
			75	Female	12–16	Non-isolated	Parkinson’s disease	Unclassifiable(fluctuating)
			77	Female	12–16	Non-isolated	Parkinson’s disease	Unclassifiable(fluctuating)
			38	Male	16–18	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			81	Female	12–16	Non-isolated	Parkinson’s disease	Unclassifiable(fluctuating)
			65	Female	16–18	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			57	Female	16–18	Isolated	-	Primary OT
23	Blahak et al. [42]	2016	58	Female	15	Non-isolated	Diabetic neuropathy	Primary OT
			72	Male	14	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			73	Female	17	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			67	Male	17	Isolated	-	Primary OT
24	Coleman et al. [43]	2016	61	Female	14	Isolated	-	Primary OT
24	Coleman et al. [43]	2016	74	Female	13–18	Isolated	-	Primary OT
25	Athauda et al. [44]	2017	46	Female	16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			73	Male	16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			66	Male	17	Non-isolated	Parkinsonism	OT Plus
26	Contarino et al. [45]	2015	70	Female	16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
27	Erro et al. [46]	2014	63	Female	15	Non-isolated	Hereditary spastic paraparesis	OT Plus
28	Mazzucchi et al. [47]	2014	70	Female	8	Non-isolated	Graves’ disease	Pseudo OT
29	Adebayo et al. [48]	2014	57	Female	16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
30	Vetrugno et al. [49]	2013	77	Female	16	Non-isolated	Stiff Person Syndrome	OT Plus
30	Vetrugno et al. [49]	2013	55	Female	16	Non-isolated	Stiff Person Syndrome	OT Plus
31	Bhattacharyya et al. [50]	2013	12	Male	15–16	Non-isolated	Poliomyelitis	Primary OT
31	Bhattacharyya et al. [50]	2013	7	Male	14–15	Non-isolated	Essential tremor	OT Plus
32	Coffeng et al. [17]	2013	86	Male	10–11	Isolated	-	Pseudo OT
33	Lin et al. [51]	2013	26	Male	8–9	Non-isolated	Graves’ disease	Pseudo OT
34	Lyons et al. [52]	2012	75	Male	13	Isolated	-	Primary OT
35	Virmani et al. [53]	2012	79	Male	13.5	Isolated	-	Primary OT
35	Virmani et al. [53]	2012	75	Female	13.3	Isolated	-	Primary OT
36	Lee et al. [54]	2012	64	Male	11–13	Non-isolated	Spinal Schwannoma	Unclassifiable(fluctuating)
37	Lee et al. [55]	2011	81	Female	4–9	Non-isolated	Parkinson’s disease	Pseudo OT
38	Kumar et al. [56]	2011	60	Male	16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
39	Hegde et al. [57]	2011	69	Male	3–4	Isolated	-	Pseudo OT
40	Yaltho et al. [58]	2011	78	Male	14	Isolated	-	Primary OT
41	Magariños-Ascone et al. [59]	2010	68	Female	12–18	Isolated	-	Unclassifiable(fluctuating)
42	Williams et al. [60]	2010	70	Female	9	Non-isolated	Cerebellar atrophy	Pseudo OT
43	Vetrugno et al. [61]	2010	58	Female	16	Non-isolated	Left midbrain lesion	OT Plus
44	Raudino et al. [62]	2009	59	Male	13–14	Isolated	-	Primary OT
45	Baker et al. [63]	2009	38	Female	8–15	Non-isolated	Multiple Sclerosis	Unclassifiable(fluctuating)
46	Kang et al. [64]	2009	61	Female	6	Non-isolated	Parkinson’s disease	Pseudo OT
			60	Female	6–7	Non-isolated	Parkinson’s disease	Pseudo OT
			61	Female	4–5	Non-isolated	Parkinson’s disease	Pseudo OT
			45	Female	3–4	Non-isolated	Parkinson’s disease	Pseudo OT
			47	Female	16–17	Non-isolated	Parkinson’s disease	OT Plus
47	Ramtahal et al. [65]	2008	78	Male	13–14	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			65	Male	15–16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			65	Female	15	Isolated	-	Primary OT
48	Wegner et al. [66]	2008	61	Male	16–18	Isolated	-	Primary OT
48	Wegner et al. [66]	2008	61	Female	16–18	Isolated	-	Primary OT
49	Espay et al. [67]	2008	73	Female	15	Isolated	-	Primary OT
49	Espay et al. [67]	2008	67	Female	15	Isolated	-	Primary OT
50	Guridi et al. [68]	2008	55	Female	16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
51	Trocello et al. [69]	2008	49	Male	16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			76	Female	17	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			55	Female	17	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			66	Male	16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			66	Female	15	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			49	Female	15	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			75	Female	16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			62	Female	16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			74	Female	16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			78	Female	17	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			70	Female	18	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			70	Male	15	Isolated	-	Primary OT
52	Stich et al. [70]	2009	57	Female	17.5	Non-isolated	Demyelinating lesion involving the right brainstem, Biclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance	OT Plus
53	Tan et al. [71]	2008	50	Female	14–16	Non-isolated	Graves’ disease	Primary OT
54	Leu-Semenescu et al. [72]	2007	72	Female	18	Non-isolated	Parkinson’s disease	OT Plus
			77	Female	16	Non-isolated	Parkinson’s disease	OT Plus
			79	Male	13.5	Non-isolated	Parkinson’s disease	OT Plus
			75	Female	17	Non-isolated	Parkinson’s disease	OT Plus
			76	Female	7.5–9	Non-isolated	Parkinson’s disease	Pseudo OT
			85	Female	5	Non-isolated	Parkinson’s disease	Pseudo OT
			57	Female	5–6	Non-isolated	Parkinson’s disease	Pseudo OT
			54	Female	4.3–5	Non-isolated	Parkinson’s disease	Pseudo OT
55	Fischer et al. [73]	2007	69	Male	16–17	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			68	Male	16–17	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			63	Male	16–17	Isolated	-	Primary OT
56	Thomas et al. [10]	2007	47	Female	6–7	Non-isolated	Parkinsonism	Pseudo OT
			52	Male	6–7	Non-isolated	Parkinsonism	Pseudo OT
			52	Male	6–7	Non-isolated	Parkinsonism, Kearns-Sayre syndrome	Pseudo OT
			26	Female	6–7	Non-isolated	Parkinsonism	Pseudo OT
57	de Bie et al. [74]	2007	67	Female	16–17	Non-isolated	Progressive supranuclear palsy	OT Plus
58	Krauss et al. [75]	2006	58	Female	15–16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
58	Krauss et al. [75]	2006	72	Male	14	Isolated	-	Primary OT
59	Contarino et al. [76]	2006	68	Male	13	Isolated	-	Primary OT
59	Contarino et al. [76]	2006	68	Male	13	Isolated	-	Primary OT
60	Gilhuis et al. [77]	2005	55	Female	3–5	Non-isolated	Small cell carcinoma of lung	Pseudo OT
61	Karlberg et al. [78]	2005	46	Female	12	Isolated	-	Pseudo OT
			36	Male	8.5	Isolated	-	Pseudo OT
			63	Female	12.5	Isolated	-	Pseudo OT
			64	Female	15.5	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			73	Female	18	Isolated	-	Primary OT
62	Bacsi et al. [79]	2005	59	Female	15.9	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			73	Male	17.3	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			50	Female	15.2	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			57	Female	16.5	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			64	Female	18.1	Isolated	-	Unclassifiable(>18 Hz)
			68	Female	17.3	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			51	Female	17.3	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			69	Female	16.8	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			75	Female	15.6	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			66	Male	15.7	Isolated	-	Primary OT
63	Rodrigues et al. [12]	2005	68	Female	19	Isolated	-	Unclassifiable(>18 Hz)
			70	Female	14	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			74	Female	16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			53	Male	15	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			63	Female	14	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			65	Female	13	Isolated	-	Primary OT
64	Trip et al. [80]	2003	43	Female	16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
65	Apartis et al. [81]	2001	75	Female	18	Non-isolated	Parkinson’s disease	OT Plus
66	Finkel et al. [13]	2000	76	Male	18–19	Isolated	-	Unclassifiable(>18 Hz)
67	Cavallazi et al. [14]	2000	42	Female	16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			41	Male	20	Isolated	-	Unclassifiable(>18 Hz)
			59	Female	17	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			48	Female	15	Isolated	-	Primary OT
68	Benito-Leon et al. [82]	2000	68	Male	15	Non-isolated	B12 deficiency	OT Plus
69	Manto et al. [83]	1999	49	Male	14	Non-isolated	Pancerebellar atrophy	OT Plus
			62	Female	15	Non-isolated	Pancerebellar atrophy	OT Plus
			64	Female	14	Non-isolated	Pancerebellar atrophy	OT Plus
70	Wills et al. [84]	1999	74	Male	14.5	Non-isolated	Parkinson’s disease	OT Plus
71	Sander et al. [85]	1998	79	Female	15–17	Isolated	-	Primary OT
71	Sander et al. [85]	1998	64	Male	15–17	Isolated	-	Primary OT
72	Setta F et al. [86]	1998	48	Male	14	Non-isolated	Cerebellar atrophy	OT Plus
			63	Female	14	Non-isolated	Cerebellar atrophy	OT Plus
			61	Female	15	Non-isolated	Cerebellar atrophy	OT Plus
73	Tsai et al. [87]	1998	58	Female	16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
73	Tsai et al. [87]	1998	68	Female	16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
74	Benito-Leon et al. [88]	1997	49	Female	7–8	Non-isolated	Right pontine lesion	Pseudo OT
74	Benito-Leon et al. [88]	1997	39	Male	14–15	Non-isolated	Left pontine lesion	OT Plus
75	Hanna et al. [89]	1997	33	Female	17.5	Isolated	-	Primary OT
76	Poersch et al. [90]	1994	60	Female	14	Isolated	-	Primary OT
77	Britton et al. [91]	1992	63	Female	16–18	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			25	Female	8–16	Isolated	-	Unclassifiable(fluctuating)
			68	Male	16–17	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			57	Female	15–16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			47	Female	16–18	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			64	Male	15–16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
78	Willeit et al. [92]	1991	77	Male	14–16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
78	Willeit et al. [92]	1991	57	Male	14–16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
79	FitzGerald et al. [15]	1991	60	Male	18–20	Non-isolated	Essential tremor	Unclassifiable(>18 Hz)
			46	Male	12–14	Non-isolated	Essential tremor	Unclassifiable(fluctuating)
			70	Male	12	Non-isolated	Essential tremor	Pseudo OT
			56	Female	14	Non-isolated	Essential tremor	OT Plus
80	Walker et al. [93]	1990	79	Male	15	Isolated	-	Primary OT
81	Gabellini et al. [94]	1990	68	Female	14–16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			56	Female	14–16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			45	Female	14–16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			75	Female	6–7	Isolated	-	Pseudo OT
			64	Male	6–7	Isolated	-	Pseudo OT
			66	Male	6–7	Isolated	-	Pseudo OT
			59	Male	6–7	Non-isolated	Aqueduct stenosis hydrocephalus	Pseudo OT
			47	Female	6–7	Non-isolated	Chronic relapsing radiculopathy	Pseudo OT
82	Oda et al. [95]	1989	79	Female	4	Non-isolated	Vascular Parkinsonism	Pseudo OT
83	Uncini et al. [96]	1989	73	Male	8–10	Isolated	-	Pseudo OT
83	Uncini et al. [96]	1989	64	Female	16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
84	Papa et al. [97]	1988	63	Female	16	Non-isolated	Essential tremor	OT Plus
			72	Female	16	Non-isolated	Essential tremor	OT Plus
			68	Female	16	Non-isolated	Essential tremor	OT Plus
85	Thompson et al. [9]	1986	55	Male	8–16	Isolated	-	Unclassifiable(fluctuating)
86	Kim et al. [98]	2023	18	Male	5–6	Non-isolated	Knee contusion	Pseudo OT
87	Park et al. [99]	2020	79	Female	4–4.5	Non-isolated	Right pontine lesion	Pseudo OT
			78	Female	6.5	Non-isolated	Parkinsonism	Pseudo OT
			74	Female	8	Non-isolated	Brain lesion	Pseudo OT
			46	Female	9	Non-isolated	Parkinson’s disease	Pseudo OT
			63	Male	13.5–14	Non-isolated	Restless leg syndrome	OT Plus
			62	Female	6	Non-isolated	Drug induced parkinsonism	Pseudo OT
			59	Male	5–6	Non-isolated	Tardive dyskinesia	Pseudo OT
			68	Female	15	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			49	Male	4–5	Non-isolated	Arteriovenous malformation	Pseudo OT
			65	Female	4	Non-isolated	REM sleep behaviour disorder	Pseudo OT
			67	Male	8–8.5	Non-isolated	Parkinsonism with Normal Pressure hydrocephalus	Pseudo OT
			58	Female	16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			72	Male	13	Non-isolated	Dementia	OT Plus
			61	Male	13	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			56	Female	13	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			72	Male	8	Non-isolated	Parkinson’s disease with Essential Tremor	Pseudo OT
			68	Male	6–7	Non-isolated	Essential tremor	Pseudo OT
			65	Female	4–4.5	Non-isolated	Parkinson’s disease	Pseudo OT
88	Comolli et al. [100]	2024	65	Female	6	Non-isolated	Graves’ disease	Pseudo OT
89	Li et al. [101]	2022	22	Male	6–8	Non-isolated	Hyperphenylalaninemia	Pseudo OT
90	Lv et al. [102]	2022	67	Male	16	Non-isolated	Primary malignant melanoma of the spinal cord	OT Plus
91	Bhattacharyya et al. [103]	2003	70	Male	18	Isolated	-	Primary OT
92	Jones et al. [104]	2011	65	Male	16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
93	Manrique-Huarte et al. [105]	2012	65	Female	14–16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
			69	Female	2–9	Non-isolated	Psychogenic dizziness	Pseudo OT
			45	Female	10	Isolated	-	Pseudo OT
			63	Female	8	Non-isolated	Migraine with aura	Pseudo OT
94	Yague et al. [106]	2011	47	Female	16	Non-isolated	Surgery to left meniscus following trauma	Primary OT
95	Sanitate et al. [107]	1993	72	Female	14–15	Non-isolated	Head trauma, demyelinating lesions in the periventricular region and subcortical white matter, Ischemic changesin the right pons and the right cerebellar hemisphere	OT Plus
96	Marechal et al. [108]	2024	73	Male	14	Non-isolated	Restless leg syndrome, PSP	OT Plus
97	Myers et al. [109]	2003	72	Female	16	Isolated	-	Primary OT
98	Sarva et al. [110]	2016	81	Male	13.8–15.9	Non-isolated	Cerebellar degeneration	OT Plus
98	Sarva et al. [110]	2016	57	Male	13	Non-isolated	Spinocerebellar ataxia	OT Plus
99	Picillo et al. [111]	2017	74	Female	18	Non-isolated	Hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG31)	OT Plus
99	Picillo et al. [111]	2017	30	Female	9	Non-isolated	Hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG15)	Pseudo OT
100	Brotman et al. [112]	2000	65	Male	3–4	Non-isolated	Neurosyphillis	Pseudo OT

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/tohm.1278 | Journal eISSN: 2160-8288

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Language: English

Page range: 55 - 55

Submitted on: Aug 5, 2026

Accepted on: Sep 26, 2026

Published on: Oct 8, 2026

Published by: Ubiquity Press

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

Orthostatic tremor,

Shaky leg syndrome,

Primary orthostatic tremor,

Orthostatic tremor plus,

Pseudo-Orthostatic tremor,

Electromyography

© 2026 Leroy D’Souza, Niharika B. R., Julián Benito-León, Samarth B. R., Rishika Das, Muskan Kotwal, Kruthika Reddy, Pranav Anil Katti, C. S. Pranav Bhat, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 16 (2026): Issue 1

Clinical and Electrophysiological Heterogeneity of Orthostatic Tremor: An Individual Patient Data Analysis

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Figure 2

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

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