Figure 1
Evolving Patterns of Provisional Tic Disorders in Poland (2010–2024): Influence of Sex, Age, and Regional Factors.
Figure 2
Evolving Patterns of Chronic Tic Disorders in Poland (2010–2024): Influence of Sex, Age, and Regional Factors.
Figure 3
Evolving Patterns of Tourette syndrome in Poland (2010–2024): Influence of Sex, Age, and Regional Factors.
Table 1
Distribution of age at first recorded diagnosis of tic disorders in Poland (2010–2024).
| SEX | AGE CATEGORY | PROVISIONAL TIC DISORDER | CHRONIC TIC DISORDERS (PHONIC OR MOTOR) | TOURETTE SYNDROME |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 0–3 yrs | 1.7% | 0.6% | 0% |
| 4–5 yrs | 8.9% | 3.7% | 1.7% | |
| 6–9 yrs | 40.5% | 30.7% | 13.7% | |
| 10–18 yrs | 44.3% | 50.2% | 51.3% | |
| >19 yrs | 4.6% | 14.8% | 33.3% | |
| Male | 0–3 yrs | 1.7% | 0.7% | 0.1% |
| 4–5 yrs | 7.7% | 3.6% | 1.0% | |
| 6–9 yrs | 43.6% | 34.5% | 17.5% | |
| 10–18 yrs | 44.5% | 53.8% | 58.9% | |
| >19 yrs | 2.5% | 7.4% | 22.5% |
Figure 4
Number of visits for provisional tic disorders.
Figure 5
Number of visits for chronic tic disorders.
Figure 6
Number of visits in Tourette Syndrome.
Table 2
Male-to-female prevalence ratios by diagnosis and age group in Poland (in 2024).
| DISORDER/DIAGNOSTIC CATEGORY | CHILDREN (<18 YEARS) (M:F) | ADULTS (≥18 YEARS) (M:F) |
|---|---|---|
| Provisional tic disorders | 2.0–2.5 : 1 | ~1.5 : 1 |
| Chronic tic disorders | ~3 : 1 | ~2 : 1 |
| TS | 5–6 : 1 | ~6 : 1 |
| TS + ADHD | 5–6 : 1 | ~6 : 1 |
| TS + OCD | 2–3 : 1 | ~2 : 1 |
| TS + ADHD + OCD | 3–4 : 1 | ~3 : 1 |
Table 3
Prevalence of comorbid ADHD and OCD among patients with Tourette syndrome. Abbreviations: OCD: obsessive compulsive disorder; TS: Tourette syndrome; ADHD: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
| COMORBIDITY | AGE GROUP | SEX | 2010 PREVALENCE (PER 100,000) | 2024 PREVALENCE (PER 100,000) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OCD + TS | <18 years | Male | 0.2 | 2.5 |
| <18 years | Female | 0.17 | 1.6 | |
| ≥18 years | Male | 0.07 | 1.4 | |
| ≥18 years | Female | 0.04 | 0.6 | |
| ADHD + TS | <18 years | Male | 0.6 | 16.3 |
| <18 years | Female | 0.2 | 2.9 | |
| ≥18 years | Male | 0.07 | 2.6 | |
| ≥18 years | Female | 0.04 | 0.4 | |
| TS + ADHD + OCD | <18 years | Male | 0.14 | 1.1 |
| <18 years | Female | 0.15 | 0.55 |