Figure 1
Article selection flowchart.
Table 1
Summary of the cases whose treatment was performed with neuromodulation with deep brain stimulation. The number of patients in each case report or series, gender and age of the patients, laterality of the surgery, scale used for evaluation, and response rate with treatment are described. N number of patients who underwent DBS implantation in each series; M Male; F Female; ND Not described.; GPi: Internal globus pallidus; VIM: Ventral intermediate nucleos of the thalamus; Vo: Ventro-oral nucleous of the thalamus; Voa: Ventro-oral anterior nucleous of the thalamus; Vop: Ventro-oral posterior nucleous of the thalamus; ZI: Zona incerta; PSA: Posterior subthalamic area; DRTT: Dentato rubro thalamic tract; RaPrl: Prelemniscal radiations; TETRAS: The Tremor Research Group Essential Tremor Rating Scale.
| N | SEX | AGE | LATERALITY | TARGET | SCALE | RATE OF IMPROVEMENT | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Del Gaudio N, et al [6] | 1 | M | 18 | Unilateral | VIM+GPi | Fahn Tolosa Marin | 67% |
| Rosa TD, et al [56] | 1 | M | 58 | Bilateral | VIM+PSA | Fahn Tolosa Marin | 29,26% |
| Razmkon A, et al [57] | 1 | M | 37 | Unilateral | VIM | ||
| O’Shea SA, et al [39] | 1 | F | 62 | Unilateral | VIM+ZI | UPDRS III | 33,33% |
| Brittain JS, et al [72] | 1 | ND | 36 | Unilateral | Vop+ZI | Bain Rating Scale | Rest 89%Postural 90% Intention 32% |
| Yousefi O, et al [81] | 1 | M | 57 | Unilateral | PSA | ||
| Maesawa S, et al [58] | 1 | F | 77 | Unilateral | VIM+RaPrlVa+ZI | Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor | 34,78% |
| Ghanchi H, et al [59] | 1 | M | 66 | Unilateral | VIM | TETRAS | 75% |
| Kamo H, et al [60] | 2 | M | 18 | Unilateral | PSA | Fahn Tolosa Marin | 56,45% |
| M | 52 | Bilateral | PSA | Fahn Tolosa Marin | 33,92% | ||
| Bargiotas P, et al [61] | 4 | F | 62 | Unilateral | VIM | Fahn Tolosa Marin | 4,50% |
| M | 71 | Unilateral | DRTT | Fahn Tolosa Marin | 7,90% | ||
| F | 28 | Unilateral | DRTT | Fahn Tolosa Marin | 22,70% | ||
| M | 46 | Unilateral | VIM | Fahn Tolosa Marin | 33,30% | ||
| Onder H, et al [55] | 1 | M | 58 | Unilateral | VIM | Fahn Tolosa Marin | 73% |
| Kobayashi K, et al [62] | 4 | F | 19 | Unilateral | VIM+PSA | Fahn Tolosa Marin | 100% |
| M | 67 | Unilateral | VIM+PSA | Fahn Tolosa Marin | 100% | ||
| M | 44 | Unilateral | VIM+PSA | Fahn Tolosa Marin | 95% | ||
| M | 18 | Unilateral | VIM+PSA | Fahn Tolosa Marin | 93% | ||
| Kilbane C, et al [74] | 4 | M | 43 | Unilateral | VIM+Voa+GPi | ||
| M | 65 | Unilateral | GPi | ||||
| M | 29 | Unilateral | VIM+GPi | ||||
| M | 50 | Unilateral | GPi | ||||
| Chong Z, et al [64] | 1 | M | 53 | Unilateral | VIM+PSA | Fahn Tolosa Marin | 62,50% |
| Toda H, et al [75] | 1 | M | 16 | Unilateral | Vo+PSA | Fahn Tolosa Marin | 71,73% |
| Peker S, et al [65] | 1 | F | 11 | Unilateral | VIM | ||
| Castrop F, et al [78] | 2 | ND | 43 | Unilateral | VIM | ||
| ND | 40 | Unilateral | VIM | ||||
| Aquino CC, et al [96] | 1 | M | 66 | Unilateral | VIM | ||
| Grabska N, et al [66] | 1 | F | 45 | Unilateral | Vo+ZI | Fahn Tolosa Marin | 73,80% |
| Acar G, et al [67] | 1 | M | 31 | Bilateral | VIM | ||
| Plaha P, et al [54] | 1 | M | 84 | Bilateral | ZI | Fahn Tolosa Marin | 70,20% |
| Romanelli P, et al [71] | 1 | M | 79 | Unilateral | VIM | ||
| Hertel F, et al [68] | 1 | M | 58 | Unilateral | VIM | ||
| Foote KD, et al [76] | 1 | M | 24 | Unilateral | VIM Voa+Vop | Tremor Rating Scale | 39,62% |
| Nikkhah G, et al [79] | 2 | F | 47 | Unilateral | VIM | ||
| F | 37 | Unilateral | VIM | ||||
| Kudo M, et al [80] | 1 | F | 67 | Bilateral | VIM | ||
| Goto S, et al [69] | 1 | M | 53 | Unilateral | VIM | Tremor Rating Scale | 45,45% |
| Sanborn MR, et al [70] | 1 | M | 31 | Unilateral | VIM |
Figure 2
Proposed algorithm for Holmes Tremor treatment.